The entrance of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya is richly decorated with ablaq masonry, a muqarnas vault and inscriptions

The entrance of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya is richly decorated with ablaq masonry, a muqarnas vault and inscriptions

Sacrophagi decorated with sculptures of the dead

Sacrophagi decorated with sculptures of the dead

The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus

The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus

The eastern altar, al-Karasi

The eastern altar, al-Karasi

Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - founding inscription

Busra – Masjid Yaqut (mosque) – founding inscription

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche

Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa", Palace D, stucco decorations

Raqqa – the excavations of the site “East of Raqqa”, Palace D, stucco decorations

A capital decorated with acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon

A capital decorated with acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon

Hiraqla victory monument: reliefed fragments

Hiraqla victory monument: reliefed fragments

Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa, “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3b_collapse mechanism in the plane of the facade

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3a_collapse mechanism, cracks in the plane of the facade

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-1b_collapse mechanism, overturning of the facade

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-1a_collapse mechanism, overturning of the facade

Damage pattern, anthropogenic impact on sandstone, Karnak Temple, Luxor, Egypt

Fig. 62, Catalogue of Damage

ar-Rusafa, view into a conche of the Tetraconch-Church

ar-Rusafa, view into a conche of the Tetraconch-Church

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b_Simulation of collapse mechanisms

A capital decorated with wavy acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites

A capital decorated with wavy acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites

Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations

Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations

Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi

Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi

Rubble management, storing sorted rubble stones in shelves, Frauenkirche (church), Dresden, Germany

Fig.31_storing sorted rubble stones in shelves

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Jurn Kabir, construction of a room from quarry stones with clay mortar

Jurn Kabir, construction of a room from quarry stones with clay mortar

Manufacture of local handmade carpets, Qanawat

Manufacture of local handmade carpets, Qanawat

A metal workshop in the city of Raqqa

A metal workshop in the city of Raqqa

Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi

Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi

Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi

Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi

A group of domed houses in the village of Shaykh Hilal

A group of domed houses in the village of Shaykh Hilal