An aerial view of Ibn Maʿn's castle located on one of the highest mountains of Palmyra

An aerial view of Ibn Maʿn’s castle located on one of the highest mountains of Palmyra

Qal‘at Shayzar (citadel), Archery road.

Qal‘at Shayzar (citadel), Archery road.

Decoration detail on the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)

Decoration detail on the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)

A view from Qalʿat Shayzar towards the Orontes plains

A view from Qalʿat Shayzar towards the Orontes plains

Parts of Qalʿat Shayzar with one of the towers

Parts of Qalʿat Shayzar with one of the towers

Qal‘at Shayzar (Citadel), the upper part of the entarnce.

Qal‘at Shayzar (Citadel), the upper part of the entarnce.

Ruins of Qalʿat Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Ruins of Qalʿat Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya

Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco in ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco in ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription on top of the citadel entrance.

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription on top of the citadel entrance.

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Decoration on the entrance arch

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Decoration on the entrance arch

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco on the ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco on the ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

The gate of the northeastern wall, Agora

The gate of the northeastern wall, Agora

Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside

Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside

The Great Colonnade behind the palm trees

The Great Colonnade behind the palm trees

The historical sulfur Afqa Spring

The historical sulfur Afqa Spring

Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside

Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside

Corinthian capital of a pillar, Agora

Corinthian capital of a pillar, Agora

A side of Agora

A side of Agora

Detail of decorations, Agora

Detail of decorations, Agora

A shepherd with his herd and tourists

A shepherd with his herd and tourists

A photo showing tomb towers, part of modern city and the oasis

A photo showing tomb towers, part of modern city and the oasis

Relief with vine tendrils

Relief with vine tendrils

Bas-relief with geometric and floral motifs

Bas-relief with geometric and floral motifs

The Great Colonnade towards the Monumental Arch

The Great Colonnade towards the Monumental Arch

Sculpture of a camel and two persons with Parthian costume

Sculpture of a camel and two persons with Parthian costume

Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD