At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription above the main entrance

At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription above the main entrance

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of southern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of southern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, northern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, northern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of eastern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of eastern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, dome of the prayer hall (qibliyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, dome of the prayer hall (qibliyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall dome - octogonal tambour on squinches

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall dome – octogonal tambour on squinches

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, view of the prayer niche

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, view of the prayer niche

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall - octagonal neck of the dome

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall – octagonal neck of the dome

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a4_Close-up view of carved ornamental star

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Rakhla: The City of Wine and Poetry in the Memory of its daughters

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a2_Close-up view of ornamental medallion/ window

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a1_Close-up view of ornamental panel

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Sinaniyya Street: traffic scene with tram in 1918

Sinaniyya Street: traffic scene with tram in 1918

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Aleppo, view at street life in Quwwatli street in 1963

Aleppo, view at street life in Quwwatli street in 1963

Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya

Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, Corinthian marble capital decorating the prayer niche

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, Corinthian marble capital decorating the prayer niche