Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa, “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace – vegetable stucco ornaments

View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama

View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade – one of the two columns which frame a window

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Columns discovered during excavation

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Madrasa al-Hallawiyya: interior view at the former Byzantine apse

Madrasa al-Hallawiyya: interior view at the former Byzantine apse

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

Twisted column - The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Twisted column – The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex (in situ)

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex (in situ)

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Throne Hall

Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Throne Hall

Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD

Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, columns and pillars

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, columns and pillars

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance

Fluted column- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Fluted column- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya