Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s tower from the outside

Bab as-Salam, the "door of peace" in the north of Old Damascus

Bab as-Salam, the “door of peace” in the north of Old Damascus

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower’s west-south corner

Raqqa, Baghdad gate

Raqqa, Baghdad gate

Bab Antakiya, main gate

Bab Antakiya, main gate

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s entrance from the outside

A villa under construction in the Ghuta of Damascus

A villa under construction in the Ghuta of Damascus

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama

Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama

Stories

Rubble stone with carved Arabic inscription

Rubble stone with carved Arabic inscription in Aleppo

General view of defensive tower to the north of city gate Bab Antakiya

General view image

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction

Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower

Raqqa, Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Excavations

Raqqa, Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Excavations

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's facade

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower’s facade

Raqqa, Great Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq), the courtyard

Raqqa, Great Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq), the courtyard

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Noria (water wheel) with aqueduct in ar-Rastan in 1930

Noria (water wheel) with aqueduct in ar-Rastan in 1930

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - one of the wall tower

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – one of the wall tower

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate (Bab) as seen from outside the fence

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate (Bab) as seen from outside the fence

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade

Raqqa, the inner façade of Baghdad Gate (Bab Baghdad)

Raqqa, the inner façade of Baghdad Gate (Bab Baghdad)

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, geometric decorations in the niche, built with bricks

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, geometric decorations in the niche, built with bricks

Great Umayyad mosque and Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Aleppo: drone photograph

1512_D.SH_2314428_Madinat-Halab-al-Qadima-05_s

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the entrance

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the entrance