Habuba Kabira, Mud brick construction - connection of wall, belt arch and dome rounding

Habuba Kabira, Mud brick construction – connection of wall, belt arch and dome rounding

Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's southern facade

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower’s southern facade

A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf

A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf

Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer niche

Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari – the prayer niche

Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Basha, south western corner with former sabil

Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Basha, south western corner with former sabil

Damage pattern, crumbling in limestone, City wall, Cairo, Egypt

Fig. 40, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, loose elements after partial collapse of a wall in a historic house, Dar al-Agha, Aleppo

Fig. 20, Catalogue of Damage

One of the towers of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

One of the towers of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology

Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology

Orientation plan example for walls based on room 07 in Bayt Ghazala

Bayt-Ghazala_room-07_walls

Numbering application example for the courtyard floor into smaller sections, based on a plan of Bayt Ghazala, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.06_Bayt-Ghazala_room-02

Collapse of a façade, by overturning, favored by cracking in wall plane, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-c_Collapse of a façade

Damaged ablaq (bicolor) masonry, 2nd category remains, in portal of ʿUlabiyya Khan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.25_damaged and loose remains

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's southern facade

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower’s southern facade

Bab al-Maqam in Aleppo, general view

Bab al-Maqam in Aleppo, general view

The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus

The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's western facade

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower’s western facade

One of the towers of Shayzar Castle

One of the towers of Shayzar Castle

Baalshamin temple from the inside, 2nd c. AD

Baalshamin temple from the inside, 2nd c. AD

A side of al-Mudiq castle

A side of al-Mudiq castle

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower’s west-south corner

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), general view from the outside

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), general view from the outside

The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse