Multilayered wall construction: generic example of a 2-shell stone masonry wall with rubble infill

Wall-2-leaves

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas details

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall’s entrance – muqarnas details

General view of al-Utrush mosque, Aleppo, Syria

General view image

Exterior view of the dome and the minaret, Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil

Exterior view of the dome and the minaret, Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil

The Pigeons, old city of Damascus

The Pigeons, old city of Damascus

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, courtyard and eastern riwaq (portico)

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, courtyard and eastern riwaq (portico)

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, collapsed roof of prayer hall, eastern part

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, collapsed roof of prayer hall, eastern part

Interior view, courtyard of Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil

Interior view, courtyard of Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall showing the minbar

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall showing the minbar

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall – minbar (pulpit)

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - one of the windows on the northern facade

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall – one of the windows on the northern facade

The city of Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq

The city of Raqqa – remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, double arcade front of the prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, double arcade front of the prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Damage pattern, total loss, explosion crater of al-Madrasa (and mosque) al-Khusrawiyya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 02, Catalogue of Damage

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - interior view of the dome

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall – interior view of the dome

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, southern facade with spolia stones

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, southern facade with spolia stones

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall entrance

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall entrance

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, the prayer niche

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, the prayer niche

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, northern entrance

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, northern entrance

Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - entrance and Qastal

Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade – entrance and Qastal

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the prayer niche

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the prayer niche

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, an original Mamluk column with its capital

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, an original Mamluk column with its capital

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade – decorated window