Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall

Khan as-Sabun, view of eastern gallery, northern inner facade and building part inside of courtyard

Khan as-Sabun, view of eastern gallery, northern inner facade and building part inside of courtyard

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin

View to the east, courtyard of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

View to the east, courtyard of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Aleppo, Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (English)

Aleppo, Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (English)

Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside

Izraʿ – Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside

Rubble management by volunteers, cleaning and securing of remains in al-ʿAdiliyya mosque, Aleppo

Fig.38_Volunteers during cleaning and securing of remains

Al-Khusrawiyya, view at the Madrasa courtyard in 2007

Al-Khusrawiyya, view at the Madrasa courtyard in 2007

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south – courtyard and arcades

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard with fountains, minaret, northern and western arcades

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard with fountains, minaret, northern and western arcades

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard floor with geometrical designs

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard floor with geometrical designs

Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall is covered with golden and colored mosaic

Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall is covered with golden and colored mosaic

Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.

Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.

Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th c. AD

Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th c. AD

Temporary title for Image 68390

Temporary title for Image 68390

Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, View to the north- the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, View to the north- the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Columns with Corinthian capitals- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Columns with Corinthian capitals- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, courtyard and eastern riwaq (portico)

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, courtyard and eastern riwaq (portico)

Damage pattern in the Great Umayyad Mosque in Aleppo

Damage pattern in the Great Umayyad Mosque in Aleppo

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, prayer hall - historic photo of the collapsed central dome

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, prayer hall – historic photo of the collapsed central dome