Northwest corner of Mushannaf Temple with the artificial pool in the foreground

Northwest corner of Mushannaf Temple with the artificial pool in the foreground

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower with its machicolations and parapets

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s tower with its machicolations and parapets

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s tower from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s entrance from the outside

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the main facade and the entrance

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the main facade and the entrance

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD

Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD

Fluted column- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Fluted column- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance

Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance

Damage pattern, anthropogenic impact on sandstone, Karnak Temple, Luxor, Egypt

Fig. 62, Catalogue of Damage

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, Corinthian marble capital decorating the prayer niche

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, Corinthian marble capital decorating the prayer niche

Hadrian’s Arch, 3rd c. AD

Hadrian’s Arch, 3rd c. AD

Busra, the Roman theater stage is surrounded by the Islamic citadel

Busra, the Roman theater stage is surrounded by the Islamic citadel

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Twisted column - The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Twisted column – The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, Architectural component with showing ionic elements

Afamiya, Architectural component with showing ionic elements

Previous state, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a_Main front in 1995, with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Boats trip on the Euphrates River, near Jabal ʿAruda

Boats trip on the Euphrates River, near Jabal ʿAruda

Shore zone of the Euphrates with tree vegetation of Lake Assad

Shore zone of the Euphrates with tree vegetation of Lake Assad

A boat trip in the Euphrates, near Jabal ʿAruda

A boat trip in the Euphrates, near Jabal ʿAruda

View to the south from the battlements of the citadel to the city in 1916

View to the south from the battlements of the citadel to the city in 1916

Busra, Birkat (pond) al-Hajj and Abu al-FidaʾMosque

Busra, Birkat (pond) al-Hajj and Abu al-FidaʾMosque

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Western facade of the Saraya complex (Maʿbad Zeus), Qanawat

Western facade of the Saraya complex (Maʿbad Zeus), Qanawat

Remains of the portal frame, Byzantine Cathedral in Qalʿat Burqush

Remains of the portal frame, Byzantine Cathedral in Qalʿat Burqush

View of the artificial pool and the Temple of Mushannaf

View of the artificial pool and the Temple of Mushannaf

Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel

Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel