Part of the remains of Shayzar Castle

Part of the remains of Shayzar Castle

View towards Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Citadel)

View towards Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Citadel)

Gallery

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco on the ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco on the ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

Ruins of Qalʿat Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Ruins of Qalʿat Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco in ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco in ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Decoration on the entrance arch

Qalʿat al-Marqab, Decoration on the entrance arch

Palmyra, view from the south, valley of tombs in foreground, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn in background

Palmyra, view from the south, valley of tombs in foreground, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn in background

Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya

Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya

Fragment with wall painting, 1st category remains, from San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.20_1st category

Rubble from modern material, 3rd category remains, in Goldsmith bazaar lane, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.22_3rd category

A general scene showing some of the ruins of Palmyra and the Castle Ibn Maʿn

A general scene showing some of the ruins of Palmyra and the Castle Ibn Maʿn

Maʿbad ad-Dumayr (temple), locally known as "the castle"

Maʿbad ad-Dumayr (temple), locally known as “the castle”

A side of Salah ad-Din Castle

A side of Salah ad-Din Castle

A view from the top of Salah ad-Din Castle overlooking the coastal mountains

A view from the top of Salah ad-Din Castle overlooking the coastal mountains

One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)

One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)

Salah ad-Din castle, the upper part of the mosque entrance, lobed arch with muqarnas

Salah ad-Din castle, the upper part of the mosque entrance, lobed arch with muqarnas

Arial photo of Jaʿbar castle on the Euphrates

Arial photo of Jaʿbar castle on the Euphrates

West Syria, access to the Salah ad-Din Castle carved through two artificial crevices, 12th c.

West Syria, access to the Salah ad-Din Castle carved through two artificial crevices, 12th c.

One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)

One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)

al-Hayr al-Sharqi Palace, Inside of the early Umaiyad desert castle (Western complex)

al-Hayr al-Sharqi Palace, Inside of the early Umaiyad desert castle (Western complex)

Carved and ornamented stone, 1st category remains, from portal of Ujkhan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.18_1st category, carved and ornamented stone

Rubble from modern material, 3rd category remains, in Goldsmith bazaar lane, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.23_3rd category

A view of the walls and the castle, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya

A view of the walls and the castle, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya

View from afar to al-Mudiq Citadel

View from afar to al-Mudiq Citadel

In the Orontes valley below the village of Qalʿat al-Mudiq is situated a 16th c Khan, which has become a Museum

In the Orontes valley below the village of Qalʿat al-Mudiq is situated a 16th c Khan, which has become a Museum

Rakhla: The City of Wine and Poetry in the Memory of its daughters

Safita, The Donjon of the Templars with a chapel in the ground floor

Safita, The Donjon of the Templars with a chapel in the ground floor

A side of the Salah ad-Din Castle

A side of the Salah ad-Din Castle

A side of Salah ad-Din castle

A side of Salah ad-Din castle