Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain), The traditional operation of threshing wheat
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall
Ash-Shaykh Hasan Mausoleum
Photo of Mausoleum des Gouverneur Ahmad Pasha, in Maidan
Remains of a building from the extensions of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
Rich decorations in Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Innenraum
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Artificial field irrigation and drinking water supplies, al-Ghab Plain
Busra, al-ʿUmari Mosque, eastern facade
View from Jabal Husainiyya towards Diocletian's camp and Allat-temple
View from above towards north
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
Khan Dannun - Courtyard
Raqqa, hypothetic reconstruction of the prayer hall of Grand Abbasid Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq)
Isometric view drawing. Scale ruler
Raqqa, Raqqa, Bedouin family in their tent
The Bedouin family lived in their tent next to the excavation of the German Archaeological Institute, as they were initially the official guards.
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
[Original:'Madrasa al-Firdaus, Halab / Aleppo. Mihrâb.].
A sample of the handprinted fabric prepared for the women of Douma.
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Mosque, main entrance
Carved giant footprints at the threshold of the entrance of ʿAyn Dara temple
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, iwan
Closed arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - fountain
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, view of the portico and the domes from outside
A craftsman working on a Jacquard loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family, Damascus
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
A hall in the upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm (Palace)
Seitensaal des Kuppelsaales mit restaurierter Wandmalerei auf Holz.- Die Bilder 0998 - 1002 haben ein gemeinsames Problem: sie sind mit gepushten High-Speed- Filmen aufgenommen. Das Ergebnis ist beim Dia noch so gerade akzeptabel, führt bemi Scan aber zu starkem Rauschen (der Filmkörnung), zu unnatürlichen Farbverschiebungen oder, wenn man diese korrigieren will, zur Entfärbung. Ich jedenfalls kann's nicht besser .......!. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Khan Qurdbak, eastern portico
Making pickles
The prayer hall's arches of the Umayyad Mosque
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Exterior view of Qalʿat Arwad (citadel)
An arch in Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
[Original: Arch-k.K6/=HQ k.K 60,]
Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - one of the wall tower
[original: Stadtmauer / Innenseite. Turm 80']. [83/72/12] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos: [83/72]
Hand carved wood block used for printing fabrics
Al-Muhammadiyya waterwheel (noria)
Temporary title for Image 120244
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the upper part of the entrance, muqarnas and rich ornaments
[ Description by author: Dekor des oberen Teiles, wohl von ~ Osten gesehen. ]
Dome houses in a village in Aleppo countryside
Ar-Raqqa - Islamic coins discovered in the site of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Numairidian Coin; approx. 450 h.; Ra91-GrMo-8145 (A)
In the chruch Saint Simeon Stylites, 5th century AD
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, exterior view - eastern facade and domes
Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.
The main mosque was built in 772 AD and renovated in the 12th century. Monumental witnesses of this history are the 25 m high minaret and the arcade wall.
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), General view - eastern and southeastern side
the damage of the minaret and the west-south part of the mosque.
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., Apse and south façade
[Original: Basilika, vor 469, SO-Seite]
Masbanat al-Jubayli, a soap cooking pot
The process of cooking the laurel soap is done in a large container, usually located in the ground floor of traditional soap manufactory.
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
General view of ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Aleppo, Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (English)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
General view of the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain
Minaret and dome of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, Salamiyya
Gesehen vermutlich vom Dach des Hauses der Ghâli (Hishâm und Amjad) nach ~ Westen, vgl. Bild 1049 ! - Salamiya ist der (syrische) Hauptort der Ismailiten (Zweig der Shî'a) unter ihrem (derzeitigen) Oberhaupt Karîm Aga Khân. [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
Remains of the main entrance of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Süd-Süd-Ost. Im Tor sieht man hinten die Säulen der Diokletians-Thermen, hinter der rechten Türrahmung den Altar und dahinter die Treppe zum Podium des Tempels. Der Altar hat die Form eines Naiskos (vgl. Bild 0680 !), wie z.B. in Qal'at Faqra im Libanon. ]
A tablet-loom
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, The western enclosure, view from inside
A view from a high peak of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, minaret
View of the remains of the Nabu Temple showing the podium
[ Description by author: Sein Podium mit dem Aufgang, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Im Hintergrund die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni, links davon der Oberteil des Tetrapylon. In der Mitte hinter dem Tempel die Säulen der Diokletians-Thermen. ]
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's southern facade
Aerial view of the desert in Badiyat ash-Sham
Krak des chevaliers (Qalʿat al-Husn), Gothic vaults
Busra, Hammam Manjak, niche in the hot section
View of a road in al-Ghab Plain
Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wooden panels of Bayt ad-Dahhan (Funduq Qasr al-Mansuriyya), 18th century
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, caves
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan -faience tiles
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - view of dome pendentives
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صورة أقمار صناعية تظهر موقع كنيسة الحصن في البارة، 2021
Remains of the Byzantine tower incorporated into the Umayyad complex at Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (Palace)
[ Description by author: und rechts Eingang in den Innenhof, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Der "Balkon" am "Turm" ist eine Toilette - zumindest ist das so bei den Eremiten-Türmen des Kalksteinmassivs in Nordsyrien. Und bei den alten Dhaus in den Emiraten und 'Omân habe ich ganz ähnliches gesehen ....... ]
Bayt Ghazala, eastern facade - red hall (qaʿa)
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, view of destroyed dome
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Motifs of quarter flowers in Kara Memi, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Bayt Wakil, fountain of the reception hall (qaʿa)
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
View of an orchard in the Ghuta of Damascus
Excavation work, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
Masbanat al-Jubayli, the soap cubes after cutting
The arranged and cut-out Aleppo soap in the upper floor of the soap manufactory which is located in a historic building.
Bayt Junblat, western facade of the women hall (Haramlik)
Bimaristan Arghun, southern courtyard - view of open dome
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Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the connection bridge between the two castles
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, interior view of the prayer hall
A photo of villagers at the entrance of traditional building under construction, Raqqa
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Pottery vessel from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.16067; R.6
at-Tabqa , a view to the Euphrates from Jaʿbar Castle
Busra - Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari- main door from the inside
Barada River, near Victoria Bridge
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Khan Qurdbak, courtyard and iwan
A self-manufactured fulling machine at work producing a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, prayer hall
Nave and apse, Church of monk Buhayra, Busra
[Original: Bahira-Basilika, paganer Profanbau des 3. Jhs. n.Chr., Innenansicht: Triumphbogen und Apsis]
Courtyard and Iwan, Qasr As‘ad Basha al-'Azm
Liwan und Bahra
The Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: 3. Abschnitt mit dem Tempelgrab als Abschluss. Rechts die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni. Gesehen von ~ Südosten. ]
A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf
View into an arcade with ablaq masonry, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
Raqqa V; West Palace, s.SW-Neg.86/1252
Baalshamin Temple - cella, 2nd c. AD
[ Description by author: Oberer Teil des Thalamos in der Cella, gesehen durch das Portal. ]
Busra Citadel - The ditch of the citadel and the bridge leading to the entrance
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, inscription band above the window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in al-Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Qalb Lawza, Basilica, 5th c., view of main facade from south-west
Here we can see the main façade, the central part of which, with its large round arch, has collapsed, giving a view of the narthex (vestibule). The imposing church has a raised central nave and wide arcades that open onto the side aisles. This basilica suffered relatively little damage.
Grazing sheep on the Euphrates
Madrasat al-Firdaws, Decorative details of one of the arcade columns capital
Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.
Qal‘at (castle) Shayzar from the inside
View of the Barada Valley in the 1960s
Tall Dahab, Central hall house - the width of the hall corresponds to the recess in the facade, the loggia is used for the stay
Khan Qurdbak, Ground floor plan, reduced copy with ruler
Ground floor, [14]. size of plan 60 x 40 .with ruler (no scale) .
General view of of Damascus city with the Umayyad Mosque
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
Nature in spring, Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Ar-Raqqa - Islamic coins discovered in the site of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Numairidian Coin; approx. 450 h.; Ra91-GrMo-8146 (B)
Mari (Tall Hariri), a side of the architectural remains
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
The courtyard of al-Jami‘ al-ʿUmari in Busra
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
Maronite Cathedral, a cross shaped window
Safita, General view of the city showing the Donjon of the Templars
Palmyra, a photo of some tower tombs
Jabal ʿAruda southern foothills
Khan al-Wazir, internal facade of the khan's entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr,Halab / Aleppo. Innenseite des Tores von Bild 1248.'].
A side of Damascus Citadel during the restoration works
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the western Iwan
Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam
ʿAyn al ʿArus, Stone arcades
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
View at ar-Ruj plain from an orchard
Afqa spring, sulfuric water of the historic bath
[Original: Efqa-Quelle]
General view of the architectural remains, Sirjilla
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the upper part of the entrance
Interior view towards the entrance, Agora
[ Description by author: Ostecke. Das Tor ist das von Bild 0704, aber jetzt von innen. Im Torrahmen sieht man den Mittelteil der Scaenae Frons des Theaters. ]
Remains of vaults in Halabiya-Zalabiya
Qanawat, view of the nymphaeum
Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard
scan 1996 الشعيبية
A view of Royal Palace G, Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Fresken der Kalotte. Sie sollen aus dem 12. Jh. stammen. In der Mitte ein thronender Christus, flankiert links von Maria und Maria Magdalena, rechts von Johannes dem Täufer und dem Evangelisten Johannes . Darunter rechts und links in den Medaillons die vier Evangelisten. ]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Habuba Kabira, construction of a dome house (foreground: room, that will have a flat roof)
(Dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
The Euphrates River near Tall Sabi Abyad
Exterior view of the dome and the minaret, Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil
Bayt Ghazala, eastern facade - plant ornament above the main entrance from the inside
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade
Tall al-Biʿa - general view
The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, inscription
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inner iwan and courtyard with lobed octagonal basin
Salt flats for salt production west of Jabal Jabisa (Jabisa mountain)
Near Tall Abyad, view of ʿAyn al-ʿArus lake
An alley in one of Damascus's old neighborhoods
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
A traditionally crafted tapestry weave of four panels, that are ornamented with embroidery
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the prayer niche
Qalb Lawza Basilica, illustration of the assumed construction method
Drawing of a perspective section of the basilica showing an idea of its former construction.
Production of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration in a Syrian workshop
Mohammad Haj Qab decorates the arch of the Syrian embassy in Bonn in 1992
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, southern facade with spolia stones
[Original: Moschee um Bab Antakiya}, on the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
View from a far to the basilica in Kharab Shams
[Original: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem]
Covered small alley in Halbun with traditional houses
Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak
Busra, Roman Theater
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view from Saray
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
The southern end of the Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Palmyra, general view of the Tetrapylon
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - marble decoration
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: ensemble of parts, general ground floor plan
Ensemble of conserved parts of palais, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
Jurn Kabir, children at the sabil of a private house, where people passing find potable water
Ash-Shaykh mountain, distant view of 'Arna village
View to the south from the battlements of the citadel to the city in 1916
In the foreground the Khusrawiyya complex is partly visible, as is the mosque as-Saffahiyya and parts of the districts al-Jallum and Sahat Bizza.
Kharab Shams, central nave of the basilica
[Orignal: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, Mittelschiffarkaden nach Osten]
Shahba, View to the historic center of the town
Remains of fortifications along the Euphrates River, Halabiyya
View to the proscenium and scaenae frons, Palmyra Theater, 2nd c. AD
Application of the relief paste of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - vegetable stucco ornaments
Sulphurous karst spring of the Khabur at Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, northern facade - marble plaque dated 1315 AH and sealed by the Sultan Abd al-Hamid Khan (Tughra)
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
shap_import_74305
Motifs in Saz style, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Jabal al-ʿArab, natural landscape of volcanic mountain
Wakil house, courtyard
Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Side of the Excavation
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, exterior view of northern facade - entrance and minaret
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
[Original: Ruinen von Dura Europos]
A staircase in Ibn Maʿn Castle
A grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Plan of (dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
Agriculture south of the Monastery of Saint Simeon (geological term for a hollow form closed on all sides in karst areas)
[Original: Polje südl. a. Simeonsklosters]
Details of tent-construction, fastening of the side ropes of the Bedouin tent
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
Mari (Tall Hariri), a side of the architectural remains
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Informal (unplanned) settlements spread in the Ghouta, 1980s
Since the second half of the 20th century, more and more modern cement buildings have displaced the gardens and fields of the Ghuta - their orchards had to give way to urban expansion.
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
[Original: Apsiden der Ostbasilika von außen]
One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)
Remains of the city wall of Halabiyya fortress on the bank of the Euphrates
Jurn Kabir, the fertile plain of the Euphrates with floodplain forest in the background before the flooding of the Tishrin Dam
A general view of a part of monumental buildings
[ Description by author: dahinter das Areal des Bel-Tempels. Vorn links die Säulenstraße, 3. Abschnitt, dann der Tetrapylon, dahinter die Säulen der Diokletians-Thermen und dann der Monumentalbogen. Man sieht deutlich, dass die Säulentraße auch im Tetrapylon einen Knick aufweist. Rechts vom Tetrapylon das Theater, ganz rechts die Agora mit Annex und Bankettsaal. Gesehen nach ~ Südosten. ]
A side of al-Mudiq castle shows some of its towers
Husn Sulayman, Cella of the temple
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription above ad-Darih
Qalʿat Jaʿbar, vaulted loophole
Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.
A view at the town of Maʿlula
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Jacquard-cartons with holelines for weaving design patterns
View of the Orontes valley at low water
The eastern altar, al-Karasi
[ Description by author: Zwei Seiten ohne Inschrift / Relief. ]
Dayr Zakka (monastery), porch (narthex) of the church with mosaic floor, 6th C.
This mosaic dates back to 509 AD. [von 509 n.Chr.]. [Kalla (1999) 134]: [Gabor Kalla: Christentum am oberen Euphrat. Das byzantinische Kloster von Tall Bi'a. in: Antike Welt 30/2 (1999)].
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the south bastion facade
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret
View from northeast, Agora and commercial center
[ Description by author: der Agora, Blick von ~ Nordosten. Durch das Tor ganz rechts (es ist das selbe wie Bild 0704 links) sieht man in die Agora. Dieser Annex ist der eigentliche Handelsplatz von Palmyra und war wegen der Kamele auch nicht gepflastert. Hier wurde auch der berühmte (Zoll)Tarif vom April 137 n. Chr. gefunden. S. auch Bild 0707 ! ]
General view of Maʿlula town in 1930s
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
A side from archaeological city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Inside view [Original: "Salihiyyah, Burg, Innenseite, S.H. Taf, LXXXII"]
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Ottoman inscription above the gateway
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Narthex of south basilica (south façade of church)
A view in Wadi Barada
Habuba Kabira, maintenance of the house by a further exterior plastering
Az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum in al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
[ Description by author: ~ Südwand mit dem Mihrâb. Unten links ein Stück des Grabes. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
The facade of the church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen, Innenraum)]
A part of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya, showing a vaulted arcade and the two minarets of the mosque
The dome of Maqam Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Der Bogen rechts und das anschließende Grab sind die einzigen Reste der Madrasa 'Azaziya, gegründet von einem Sohn Salâhu d-Dîns, wo dieser 1195, zwei Jahre nach seinem Tode, beigesetzt wurde.- Gesehen nach ~ Nordwesten. ]
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, prayer niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
Khan al-Jumruk, doorway
Jisr ash-Shughur, the ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle
Colossal basalt lion, ʿAyn Dara Temple
Maronite Cathedral, main entrance
In Suq al-Buzuriyya with its many small spices and remedy shops
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the outer entrance and the minaret
Bab al-Maqam, gate's arch
Damascus, Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, 1st CE. AD
The west gate of the Jupiter Temple lies in the middle of the historic old town. Today it marks the transition between the bazaar area and the Umayyad Mosque.
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Erbaut 1348. Hier ein Fenster - wie es scheint, auf Straßenniveau. Vgl. Bild 1285, 1286 ! - Zum GPS-Tag: allgemein auf das Gebäude gesetzt, da ich nicht angeben kann, auf welcher Seite der Standort war.'].
Suq Aslan Dada, rebuilding of northern entrance, view towards south
Palmyra Theater, view to proscenium and scaenae frons, 2nd c. AD
Artificial pool in the south of Mushannaf Temple
A group of domed houses in the village of Shaykh Hilal
In this scene, the workers coat the domes with mud as part of the restoration and maintenance work. These three domes seem to belong to one house.
Bayt Dallal, iwan - wooden decorated canopy
restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing
[Original: Moschee um Bab Antakiya}, on the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
Mud bricks, prepared for the restoration of ar-Raqqa Wall
A small river in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Bayt Junblat, door in the centre of southern iwan
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Iwân des Süd(?)flügels: die mittlere Tür.].
In the sleeping compartment of the tent of a semi-nomadic family from Maskana-region
Qanawat, Severan doorway leading to second basilica — from north
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - inscriptions surround the iwan and above its arch
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, external south wall of the east basilica
Khan al-Wazir, the mosque
50 pounds, 25 mm, 2018 (wartime)
50 Pfund, 25 mm, 2018 (Kriegszeit)
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, ornaments on the facade
[ Description by author: Dekor links bzw. rechts des Eingangs-"Iwâns". ]
Part of colored and golden mosaic on the courtyard facade, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Von Norden: Mosaiken am großen Bogen, linker Teil. ]
Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Kapitell von der äußersten Säule rechts des Konchos.'].
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Entrance gate to al-Kahf castle
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan
[ G 88/ 19/ 236] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].(ref. http://www.esyria.sy/eraqqa/index.php?p=stories&category=todayimg&filename=201003152100042)
Interior view of the tomb tower of Elahbel
The ceiling of the guest room (qaʿa), al-Quwatli House
Decke der Ataba in der Qa'a
The remaining upper part of Shumaymis Castle
Nach dem Licht und dem, was auf dem Satellitenfoto zu erkennen ist, muss dies die Südmauer sein. Man sieht gut, wie ein Stein-Mörtel-Kern mit Basaltquadern verblendet wurde. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari from the south
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
‘ataba ceiling in the main courtyard, north wing of the Qasr al-‘Azm in Damascus, today known as the "Bride´s Room"
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Umayyad Mosque, the Mamluk Minaret of Qaytbay on the northwestern corner
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Luster ceramic bowl from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.13076
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Detail of a decorated wooden panel of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
A small window in the middle of a niche- upper floor, Qal‘at Shayzar
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of the western facade and the entrance
Remains of Harim Castle
An agricultural field and poplar trees in Yabrud
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the inside
[ Description by author: Blick zurück aus dem 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße nach ~ Südosten. Im Hintergrund der Bel-Tempel. ]
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the marble prayer niche
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the current prayer hall was part of ِAleppo's Byzantine cathedral
The damage of al-Hallawiyya prayer hall that contain an exedra of the Byzantine cathedral of St. Helena (5th CE.). During the war, the monument was damaged and plundered.
Habuba Kabira, the new dome house has received its first plaster layer
Bimaristan Arghun, westward view of main doorway
General view Suq al-Buzuriyya
Habuba Kabira, the plastered new dome house and its garden
A photo from the beginning of 20th century in Badiyat ash-Sham
A private Aleppine house
A view of a courtyard corner in a private Aleppian house, where we can see two façades that contain several arched windows.
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Stadttor]
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, a niche on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
The shrine of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
Habuba Kabira, the stacked bricks under the relieving arch are removed by the master bilder
Khan al-Wazir, decorations and windows on top of the internal facade of the khan's entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr, Halab / Aleppo.Ausschnitt auf die Fenster der Innenfassade von Bild 1250.'].
Remains of a house, Qarqbiza
part of the Muqarnaṣ cornice of the Aleppo Room, Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin
Terrasses cultivation in the Coastal Mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Salkhad, Archaeological remains in a vineyard
View at an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias on the Orontes River, Hama
Gesehen nach ~ Südwesten vom Dach des "Afamia Cham Palace", rechts etwa anschließend an Bild 0978. Vor der Moschee zwei Nawâ'îr, eine weitere links unten. . ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Citadel of Aleppo, courtyard of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Mosaic floor panel in hexagonal shape
[Lanzenreiter] . [The date can be 1913 according to Oppenheim reference: Reisen 1911 – 1939, Bd. 9: Djebel Abd el Aziz 1913]
One of the towers of Shayzar Castle
A photo of two towers, Jaʿbar castle
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, dome of the prayer hall
Great Mosque, view at courtyard in 2018
View of the inner courtyard during the restoration works and the rubble processing, especially the rubble of the destroyed minaret.
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan, section east-west
Seize of plan 80 x 38, with ruler (no scale).
Dayr Zakka (monastery), detail of a mosaic, showing the palm
Raq19930001.tif
A door of room beside the Iwan of Quwatli House
Liwan. Seitentür
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
Raqqa X; West Palace, aerial photo prob. taken by a crane
50 piastres (silver), 24 mm, 1947
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - minaret, northern-eastern corner
Yabrud, irrigated market gardening near the caves of Wadi Iskafta
Aleppine Soap
The picture shows a section of the cubed laurel soap bar after drying. It is green on the inside.
General view in Suq al-Hamidiyya, Old Damascus
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
View from Qalat al-Mudhiq to the lower village and the Ottoman Khan in the Orontes plain
Bimaristan an-Nuri, small iwan
Citadel of Aleppo, Maqam Ibrahim - inscription in the courtyard
Traditional production of animal glue
Tombe carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Das Grab von Bild 0411 in Untersicht. Im Tympanon war wohl ursprünglich ein Kopf. ]
Monastry St. Sergius on the edge of the mountain plain overlooking Maʿlula
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, general view of the minaret
In the Syrian desert: the separation of the living and the storage compartment in a bedouin tent with the help of a stick mat (arab. zarb)
Large patchwork curtains cover the stacks of bedding and - as here - the partition wall separating the two tent sections. The girls of the family sew these huge patchwork curtains. The living compartment of the tent is visible on #2852 and #2853.
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope
The house consists of three wings with an Iwan in the middle (now reduced to a door) and is generally oriented to the valley in the south. The house opens to a large terrace with an Iwan in the middle and is accesible from the street on the western narrow side - not visible on the photo.
View from the north to the middle overbuilt part of the suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (right)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - niche with trefoil arches
A part of Zengid bridge in ʿAyn Diwar
Tartus, museum in the former cathedral, view at western facade
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, view towards east
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, minaret
The minaret is of the Anatolian style, with a square base, octagonal drum, and cylindrical shaft ornamented with zig-zags and blind arches. It dates to later in the 14th/8th century and was not constructed as part of the original mosque. the minaret reconstrued in 1946.(archnet.org) The minaret had suffered severe damage during the conflict in Aleppo (2012-2016) and eventually collapsed.
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Restoration works
Jurn Kabir, a woman offering her dowry (carpets and sacks for storage)
Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the east gate of the temenos
Masbanat al-Jubayli, soap preparation before the stage of arranging
Preparation of the design of a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
Khan al-Jumruk, interior facade of the Khan's entrance
Windows of a facade in the courtyard. [Original: Khân al-Jumruk,Halab / Aleppo. Fenster im Innenhof des Gebäudes. Es stammt aus dem 17. Jh.. Vgl. Bild 1220 !. 18/04/2001 (?)']
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view from the outside
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The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-مجمع قصر الحسيني 1_SYRHER]
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, view of the ablutions fountain
An aerial view of Ibn Maʿn's castle located on one of the highest mountains of Palmyra
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
A herd of sheep in one of the streets in Raqqa
Tall Abyad, House decoration to welcome the house owner after the pilgrimage to Mekka
General view of al-Qadmus Castle on a natural rocky hill
Village on western shore of Jabbul-Lake, dome houses with stone inlay on the top
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Damascus, an Arabic inscription on the gateway top of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Ruin of a double room house in the village Qalʿat Najm
Qanawat, women in traditional dress at a well
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Islamic Museum
Raqqa/Rafiqa, An old photo of the remains of al-Banat palace before restoration
[Original: Palast. Aufnahme von Westen/ 1945 Geschenk Prof. Friedrich Sarre]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
Busra Citadel and the railway of the Hijaz line
Bayt Junblat, the large courtyard and iwan
A view of the large courtyard of Junblat house, and in the center there is a large water basin built from the outside in the style of Ablq, in which stone rows alternates between yellow and black color. The iwan in the picture is one of the highest in traditional Aleppo houses. The iwan is covered with blue and white glazed ceramic tiles.
Al-Kilaniyya neighborhood in Hama
A general view that shows the historic an-Nuri Mosque and in front of it the set of al-Kilaniyya norias on the left bank of Orontes River.
Topographical map collection "UAR North (Syrian) region, district El Furāt" of 1960
Photographic reproduction of a topographic map of ar-Raqqa area, scale 1:25.000 (Partley corrected by hand into scale 1:20.000). Based on combined contour/ stereo-topographic survey of 1959. Clarke's ellipsoid of 1880. Lambert's coordinates system (Levant's zone). Mediterranean height system (Beirut's)
Muzayrib - Ancient mill
Khan
A sculpture of a woman, showing clothes and jewelry details
Tall Dahab, Central hall house , sleeping platform in the foreground
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall az-Zujaj - excavations
Raqqa X; Glass-Tall
East and south side of the cella of Bel Temple
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's facade
General view of Halabiyya ruins
Making falafel sandwiches
Engraving of a group of women, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: LInke Seite oben des Balken Bild 0642, 0643: noch einmal verschleierte Frauen. ]
Northwest corner of Nabu Temple
[ Description by author: ~ Nordwest-Ecke. In der Mitte das Podium des Tempels, vorn zwei Säulen und viele Basen der ~ West-Kolonnade des Tempelhofes. Hinten rechts die Propyläen, ganz hinten links die arabische Bastion des Bel-Tempels. ]
an-Nabi Huri (Cyrrhus), Roman bridge on the Afrin river
Khan Dannun, arcade
The minaret of Balis Mosque, rebuilt near Maskana
Busra, view of the Westgate of the Decumanus Maximus
Bâb al-Kandîl (Laternentor), Hauptstraße, von Süden aus der Straße zum Theater. Man erkennt gut die Sockel der ehemaligen Südfassade.
Palmyra, View from hilltop towards the Valley of the tombs and the palm groves
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main northern facade
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance
[Original: al-Burj al-Ayyubi]
Fruit and vegetable growing in the Ghuta of Damascus
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, view from west
Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain), agricultral area
[Original: Südsyr. Ackerebene im Hauran mit Hermon]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, details of lobed octagonal basin
Bridge over deep ditch reaching the Castle of Ibn Maʿn
Waterfalls of Tal Shihab (during summer time)
Exterior view of ʿArbin watermill in Rif Dimashq
Baalshamin temple from the inside, 2nd c. AD
The small temple was consecrated to the Canaanite god of heaven. In 2015 it was blown up by ISIS.
View from the highest part of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Blick vom höchsten Teil der Burg genau nach Süden. Ganz links im "Fenster" das Hotel Cham Palace, rechts daneben der Turm des Maliku, der am weitesten rechts in dieser Reihe ist der des Jambliqu. ]
Bayt Dallal, courtyard and fountain
View towards Notre-Dame de Saydnaya
Graves upon Jabal ʿAruda
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/395] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall and the Qaytbay minaret
Bayt Dallal, the basin and the iwan
[Original:'Judaida-Viertel, Halab / Aleppo. Sofern Bild 1296 tatsächlich die Decke des Iwâns von Bait Sâyigh darstellt, könnte dies hier der Iwân sein.].
Jabal al-ʿArab, Photo of Bedouins in the 1930s
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Modern interpretations of the traditional craft of ‘Ajami (workshop of Aliya Alnuami)
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Fortification of Halabiyya
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, The courtyard with vaulted arcades
Rural life in Qalamun mountains (Antilibanon): peasants returning home from grape harvest
Prestige facade of the lower northern cardo (colonnaded axis) at Afamiya
"Säulenstraße, 1,8 km lang und 37,5 m breit, nördlicher Abschnitt (glatte Säulenschäfte mit korinthischen Kapitellen) nach 115 n.Chr."
Busra, Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, known as "Jami ad-Dabbagha'
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to west showing the destruction
This lane of the Great Bazar was specialized in spices, herbs, and essential oils. It burnt down in December 2012.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
Bimaristan Arghun, main courtyard - capital decorated with muqarnas
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, entrance
Hanging dyed silk to dry after washing it in cold water
View into an excavation trench of Tall Bdiri: to stabilize the walls, pilasters were added
Aleppo, view at street life in Quwwatli street in 1963
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq after the destruction, view towards east
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., decorative door of reliquary room in southern facade (east)
The relics of Symeon were located in the southern apse side room. This martyrion can be recognized from the outside by the third door in the south wall and by a tiny window next to the door through which the pilgrims could be supplied with holy oil. A direct door into the sanctuary suggests that the Symeon relic was also used during the service. The windows are bordered by a particularly elaborately designed cornice band. The façade also has oblique grooves and square depressions, probably from the base of a sloping roof and its purlins.
Palmyra, the cella of Bel Temple
View from south west
Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says
Tall Bdiri, Farmsteads, that have no enclosure walls
Palmyra, Tetrapylon, rose granite columns from Aswan, 3rd century
[Original: Tetrapylon mit Rosengranitsäulen aus Assuan (nur noch eine original)]
Remains of the Halabiyya fortifications, 8th-9th century BC
Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (Arabic)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
The damage of the minaret
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Access to the Castle's interior, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Der typische abgeknickte Zugang ins Innere der Burg. ['Qal'a, 25/03/2002 (?)'] ]
Afamiya Theater, remains of Cavea
At-Taynabiyya Mosque, the upper part of the entrance is decorated with muqarnas and geometrical decorations
[ Description by author: Dekor. ]
Windows on the monastery's facade, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: in der "Fassade" - ein gewisses ästhetisches Bemühen ist unverkennbar, leider haben Felsabbrüche viel vernichtet. ]
Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
ʿAbd al-Qadir al-Jazaʿiri cenotaph, beside the Mausoleum of Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi
[ Description by author: Der Kenotaph für 'Abd al-Qâdir al-Jazâ'iri. ]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minaret
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Oberer Teil des Minaretts.'].
Busra, the western wall and the apse are the remains of the Byzantine Cathedral built in the 6th century
Darat ʿAzza, city located along the St. Simeon Monastery road
The view of a wall in Shayzar Castle shows three tipped arched niches, each with an entrances and a window.
Al-Bimaristan an-Nuri, Ornaments above the door lintel
A photo of villagers in front of traditional building under construction, Raqqa
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the dome of prayer hall (qibliyya)
Khusrawiyya, Friday Mosque, view of an window with ablaq and ceramic tiles
Palmyra, Remains of Allat Temple- Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Rückseite, gesehen von ~ Westen. In Bildmitte hinten das Temenos-Tor, ganz hinten rechts der Bel-Tempel. ]
A side from Tartus Cathedral - Tartus Museum
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., view from nave, facing east to apse
The Monastery of St Sergius, Maʿlula
A shepherd with his herd on the arch bridge which leads to Shayzar Castle
Watermill on ʿAyn al-ʿArus lake
Aleppo Great Mosque, courtyard general view towards north west
View of courtyard (Sahn) showing its two-coloured pavements and the two ablution fountains with cupolas, the octogonal is Hamdanid, and the famous minaret in the north western corner, before its destruction in 2013!
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, apse of east basilica
Khan Qurdbak, entrance- stone bench
Twisted column - The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
A side from the city, showing the arch of triumph and Ibn Ma'n Citadel
Palmyra, arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian), entrance to the Great Colonnade
View towards north west
Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of the Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, Arabic inscription
Southwest side of the Byzantine Basilica, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: der byzantinischen Basilika. Sie dienten zur Erweiterung der Terrasse des römischen Tempels nach Südwesten. Hier zu sehen die Südwest-Seite. Sie ist eingestürzt, so dass man die gegenüberliegende Wand der ersten Halle mit den Ansätzen der Gewölbe-Gurte sieht. Gesehen von ~ Südwesten.- Für alle Burqush-Bilder gilt: die GPS-Tags sind nur approximativ, aber sicher sehr nahe am Punkt. ]
View of Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph) and the Great Colonnade
Parts of Qalʿat Shayzar with one of the towers
Interior view of the church, Qarqbiza
[Original: einschiffige Kirche, Innenansicht]
Courtyard with fountain, Qasr As‘ad Basha al-'Azm
1929?
Khan al-Hibal, the northern facade, upper floor
Bab Antakiya, inscription above the city gate
Villages and the fertile floodplain of the Euphrates valley, that were flooded by the Tishrin-Lake
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the mosque in the center of the Khan's courtyard
A view from the west to Harim Castle
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
Valley of Nahr Al-Kabir al-Shamali River
Destruction of the illegal shops in the outside part of the northern part to show the wall and a tower.
Aliya Alnuami is finalising her ‘Ajami work
View from Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas
The altar of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
[ Description by author: ~ Süd- und ~ Ostseite, dahinter die Stufen vom Aufgang des Podiums des Tempels. Die Reliefs sollen Gottheiten darstellen. ]
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, north facade - arcade and courtyard
Salah ad-Din Castle, the massive castle wall with a tower on the vertical rocky edge
Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]
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Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, inscription and decoration above the entrance of the prayer hall
Ceiling ornament, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and western facade - main hall's (qaʿa) facade
[Original: B86 /Film XV]
Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
[ Description by author: Detail, vom Eingang des Temenos der Allât. Sie symbolisiert den beschützenden Aspekt - siehe die "glückliche" Antilope - der Herrin der Tiere. Die Statue soll um die Zeitenwende entstanden sein. Eine Kopie - oder doch das Original ? - steht im Garten des Nationalmuseums in Damaskus. Vgl. Bild 0752 und 0754 ! ]
Jurn Kabir, a travelling horse-drawn cart dealer supplied the villages with vegetables and fruit
An irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard and iwan
Courtyard and Iwan of al-Quwatli House
Hof mit Bahra u. Liwan
Volcanic stones and behind it the Khubra lake, Jabal Says
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami in his workshop in Malaysia
The towers of the outer wall of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
[Original: 1. Anlage]
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq after the destruction, view towards east
General view of the city of Harim, Muhafazat Idlib
Aerial photograph of Palmyra mountain ranges
A general view of az-Zabadani city, which lies on the foothills of the the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Dancing on a terrace in the St. Thekla Monastery on the Holy Cross Day in Maʿlula
Citadel of Aleppo, Barracks of Ibrahim Pasha - the Citadel Museum
Capital of column, courtyard of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Kapitell. Auch von der Höhe her der ideale Gartentisch ....... ]
A side from the castle showing an entrance, Qalʿat Najm
Artificial irrigation, al-Ghab Plain
Khan al-Jumruk, drawing of the interior facade of the Khan's entrance
Near Tall Tamir, an Assyrian village, courtyard of a house with two later flattened domes of the original building
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, windows with stone lattice screen (Transenna)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall - octagonal neck of the dome
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Hammam Bahram Basha, dome of the cold section (barrani)
Tartus, in the Chapel of the Templar fortress
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/401] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
Baghdad Gate of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 10th c. onwards
The gate built from fired brick was located in front of the southeast corner of the city wall of Raqqa-Rafiqa.
Village alley in the Balikh region with calf and goats
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
In the vicinity of a small town/village on the slope of a natural rock, possibly in the Afrin region
Question: Does anyone know where the place shown in the photo is located? The photo was taken in 1984 somewhere in West or North Syria. On the photo one can see a small river, a wide plain with fields and trees, and a rock rising from the plain with a small building on top. On the slope of this rock is situated a small town. Since there are low mountains in the background, the photo may have been taken in the Afrin region.
Nahiyat at-Tabqa, Euphrates Dam
The minaret of Jamiʿ (Mosque) ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi
A grave carved in the rock, Maʿlula
[ Description by author: auf dem Kloster-Plateau. Der Guide Bleu "Near East" spricht nur von "ancient tombs", ohne Hinweise auf heidnisch oder christlich. Bei diesem hier wird allerdings gesagt, dass der eine Adler (Bild 0460) und, wenn ich richtig verstehe, die Nische Bild 0458 byzantinisch seien. Ich muss allerdings sagen, dass für mein Laienverständnis eher der "starre" Adler von Bild 0462 als der "schwungvolle" von Bild 0460 byzantinisch wirkt .......- Der GPS-Tag ist apporximativ. ]
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main northern facade
Stone coffins in the southern Palace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
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Tall Dahab, Woman carrying firewood
Arches in a house, the Ghouta of Damascus
Part of the of the city wall of Damascus
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden cells inside the prayer hall's iwan
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration
A crowd in the 'Afrin, at the time of the cotton harvest
Diversity of vegetation and protruding rocks in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
View from south, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni, gesehen von ~ Süden. ]
Detail of a decorated wooden panel of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Kharbaqa Dam: One of the dams that were built to limit seasonal flood waters in the Badia
[ Description by author: Steiler Blick nach oben aus dem Flussbett. ]
A view of the courtyard of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir, Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall entrance
A view of Arwad citadel
Part the western gate, Jupiter Temple
[ Description by author: vom Westportal des Períbolos, Detail aus Bild 0150. ]
Restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Khan Qurdbak, decoration details above a window in the iwan
Busra, Hammam Manjak, niche in the hot section (juwwani)
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window
The lower window is decorated with black and yellow masonry (ablaq) and joggled voussoirs. Two slim spiral columns flank the ablaq-masonry to each side. The window niche above has a rectangular shape and is surrounded bycarved palmette leaves and a zig-zag frieze. The small upper window is topped by a double row of muqarnas.
at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls
Palmyra, general view of the Tetrapylon
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Süden aus dem Gelände zwischen Agora und Tetrapylon. ]
General view of the village of Shaykh Hilal
This part of the village is surrounded by domed houses, while flat-roofed houses are very few.
Citadel od Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall
[Original: Grabung Kohlmeyer]
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Wie Bild 0581, leicht geänderter Blick: Altar, Säule, "Treppe", Altar. ]
Boats trip on the Euphrates River, near Jabal ʿAruda
Maʿlula, traditional hillside houses with galleries during the 1960s
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, the upper part - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Decoration in Jami al-Tuta or Jami ash-Shu'aybiyya. [Original: Jâmi' at-Tûta, Halab / Aleppo. "Maulbeerbaum-Moschee": Detail aus dem ayyubidischen Dekor an den Resten des Gebälks, vgl. Bild 1216 !']
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
Souq al-Abba/Souq ad-dra????
General view of Suq al-Buzuriyya
Adult son of the semi-nomadic family in their tent from the Maskana region
Muqarnas inside the Kahf Castle, ash-Shaykh Badr, Tartus Region
Burial tombs in the rocks? northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Jeweils für mehrere Personen ? ]
Excavation work in Tall Brak
Habuba Kabira, view into a plastered cantilever dome with openings and decorative layer
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, streetview of a late ottoman residential house and a warehouse beside, situated on a slope
Behind the stone building in the front of the photo is situated the garden of the late Ottoman house.
Mosaic Aphrodite and Ares, Shahba Museum
al-Mihmandar Mosque, general view from south-east
Khan al-Jumruk, view of the mosque in the center of the Khan's courtyard
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, muqarnas decorating a niche on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, section north-south, view to west
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
Remaining stones of ancient building on the Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Khan al-Jumruk, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Noria (water wheel) with aqueduct in ar-Rastan in 1930
An old vintage print (postal card? Labeled Photo ARCHO) of one of the norias of Orontes River near the city of ar-Rastan. The aqueduct, made of stone vaults, receives water from the noria’s buckets.
The northern arcade of the inner courtyard (juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
A Jacquard-loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
The right part of the sacred complex gate, Mnin
[ Description by author: Der Zugang: rechter Teil eines Tores zum heiligen Bezirk.- Wenn hier und bei den folgenden Bilder "Römisch" angegeben ist, soll damit nur gesagt werden, dass die Anlage in heutiger Form zu dieser Zeit entstand und die Formensprache der "Reichskunst" benutzt wird. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 08/05/1999)] ]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, facade and entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
A small noria (water wheel) on the Orontes river
One of the small norias in Hama which appears to be very similar to the large norias with its wheel of trunks and stone base.
Several peaks in the Costal mountains (Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Starkes Tele, vielleicht sogar Tele + Konverter. Zum Standort s. Bild 0592, der Blick wäre dann von ~ Ost-Nord-Ost.. ['Zenobia Hotel (?),'] ]
General view of Maʿlula
[ Description by author: Gesehen bei der Anfahrt von ~ Süden. Auf dem Berg hinten links Kirche und Kloster der Heiligen Sergios (Mâr Sarkîs) und Bacchos.- Ma'lûlâ und eine Nachbargemeinde sind die einzigen Orte, in denen noch bis ins 20. Jh. Aramäisch gesprochen wurde, heute ist es praktisch ausgestorben.- Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ. ]
Khan Qurdbak, western portico from the inside
Afamiya, Northern Roman baths
Monumental Arch and Colonnaded Street in Palmyra
General view of Abu al-Fidaʾ Mosque on the Orontes river
Jami' al-Haiyaya, [Original: 'Jâmi' al-Haiya']. Gesehen von Südosten über den 'Âsi. Unter der rechten, kleineren Kuppel ist der Politiker, Historiker und Geograph Abû l-Fidâ' begraben. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Plastic tools shop in ar-Raqqa
Capital of a column- Temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: einer der drei Säulen. Zumindest auf zwei Seiten ist es sehr gut erhalten. Vgl. Bild 0373 ! ]
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard
ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi mausoleum on the foot Qasyon mountain
Turbat ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi written on the photos back ['F 80. Wulzinger-Nachlaß WU F80']
View from the outer northwest edge of the ditch, Shumaymis Castle
Der innere Teil, gesehen nach ~ Südosten vom äußeren Nordwest-Rand des Grabens. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
The Great Colonnade: southeastern passage
[ Description by author: zur Rundstraße um das Theater im 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße, gesehen von ~ Norden. Der vordere Bogen ist der linke (> Tetrapylon) der Kolonnade, der hintere enspricht der Linie der Häuserfronten.. ]
Bayt Ghazala, view of the bathhouse
Traditional house with reed hut ("sibat", arab.) in Euphrates valley at the national road 4/junction to ar-Raqqa
Traditional houses, Ma'lula
Busra - Jamiʿ (msoque) al-Mabrak, the courtyard
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, dome on pendentives
A general view of the remains of Shayzar Castle
View at Qalʿat Shayzar with Qalʿat al-Madiq
Sample catalogue for silk fabrics, textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
An irrigation canal in the Eastern Ghouta
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south east of al-Mayadeen - plan
Sketch (Skizze), scale approx. 1:50
View to the west.
View to the proscenium and scaenae frons of Palmyra Theater
[Original: Theater, 2. Jh. n.Chr.]
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), Mamluk Rank
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Raqqa IV; Tall Aswad
Qasr Ibn Wardan, the church
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Südseite (873-876)]
The upper part and keystones of the apse, Basilica of Qalb Lawza
[S.156 Abb.170]
[S.156 Abb.174]
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
Maps of Aleppo: city center and historical suburban aereas, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo city-center and historical suburban aeras, showing historical monuments. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend, [Original in German: Aleppo: Innenstadt und alte Vorstadtquartiere | Karte 1 Westblatt & Ostblatt] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 /2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
Bayt Ajiqbash, window stone decoration of the courtyard facade
Bayt Wakil, entrance
The Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Mittlerer und oberer Teil. Gesehen nach ~ Südwesten [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
An irrigation canal on the edge of an orchard in the Ghouta of Damascus
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Capital; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.1866 from ar-Raqqa
Khan Qurdbak, entrance - wooden door covered with iron
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glass cup and drinking glass from ar-Raqqa ; National Museum Damscus
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), details of the hall facade situated on eastern side of the courtyard
Rastan, Urban agglomorations on ridges
Horse harness manufacturer in the town of ar-Raqqa
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, finds
Eastern West Palace; Arch above Frieze J-i, s.SW-Neg.85/267
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (Arabic)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Terrace of Ishtar or Lions Terrace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Davor ein Teil des Gebäudes PS. Im Hintergrund links das Fort V (vgl. Bild 1194 - 1199 !) und rechts das Gebäude (Palast ?) Z (vgl. Bild 1193 !). Der Blick geht von ~ der Akropolis nach ~ West-Nord-West. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, northern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
The window topped by an inscription panel
Appliqué for the decoration of textiles
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
A view in Wadi Barada
General view of Shumaymis Castle
Teleausschnitt aus Bild 1038, gesehen entweder von dem dortigen Standort oder von dem hier angezeigten aus ~ Südosten. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
North-East Syria: Weaving in a tent
Propylon of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: der Anlage. Seine Säulen aus rosa Asuan-Granit überragen das Niveau der Kolonnade (s. rechte Halbsäule / Pfeiler !) und stehen in die Straße vor (hier rechts unten und Bild 0688 !). Den Randsäulen des Propylon entsprechen in der Kolonnade zwei ebenso hohe Pilaster, die wiederum mit je einem Bogen - nur noch die Ansätze erhalten - mit dem restlichen Gebäude verbunden sind. Die Thermen stammen bereits aus severischer Zeit (ca. 200 n. Chr.) und wurden ca. 300 n. Chr. erneuert. Gesehen von ~ Südosten aus dem 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße. ]
A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus
The Ghuta consisted of a large number of groves separated from each other by walls or mud fences. There was often a small road between a grove and another, where it was accessed through a gate. The walls were built of rammed earth, an old tradition of rural architecture in the region.
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
Afamiya, the colonnaded axis (Cardo Maximus)
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Links der Turm des Maliku (vvgl. Bild 0576, 0815, 0822 !), rechts der des Jambliqu. Davor in der Mitte das Tempelgrab, links davon der untere Teil eines Turmes der Justinianischen Stadtmauer (Nordseite). Gesehen von ~ Nordosten. ]
Maronite Cathedral, one of the cathedral pointed towers
A group of doves in the old city of Aleppo
Some of the residents of the old city used to raise pigeons for fun and to enjoy them. Here we see a number of doves resting on the roof of an old building.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - painted glass
Westpalace; Find Nr.14747, painted glass
Lower part of Temple colomns, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: Wie an der linken Säule erkenntlich, wurde offensichtlich ein Basaltkern mit anderem Material (Kalkstein ?) umkleidet. Ich habe irgendwo auch etwas von nabatäischem Einfluss gelesen: diese Säulen-Umkleidung erinnert u.a. sehr stark an die im Löwen-Greifen-Tempel in Petra. Vgl. Bild 0373 ! ]
Painting of Euphrates river at Tibne. Dated 15.02.1899 [Original: Euphrat bei Tibne]
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites - Jabal (mountain) Samʿan
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Muzayrib - Ancient mill
Tomb of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs, facade
[ Description by author: Oberer Teil der Fassade. Im Bogen eine Kline für den Toten, dessen Hochrelief allerdings fehlt. Unten in einer Tabula ansata eine zweisprachige Inschrift. Gesehen von ~ Süden. ]
Khan al-Jumruk, internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami: Preparation of a wooden dome
Khan Qurdbak, detail of a window in the iwan
General view showing the remains of city wall
[ Description by author: Blick vom Gipfel, etwa hinter dem Fahnenheiligtum, nach ~ Südosten. Vorn unten das Fahnenheiligtum, davor das Prätorium und die Treppe. Dann schaut man durch die Via Praetoria nach hinten. Links das Allât-Heiligtum. Zu den Gebäuden im Hintergrund s. Bild 0801 ! ]
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the main facade and the entrance
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, detail of modern and re-used portal (spolia)
al-Burayj, a side of Saint Daniel Monastery
The Great Colonnade in Palmyra, View to the south east
View of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm) from the inside
Architectural Ummayad vestiges in Jabal Says
Roman capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Spolie am größeren Bau im Hof. Auch hier zweifle ich - wegen der Assymmetrie - ob es sich ursprünglich um ein Säulenkapitell handelt. Und die "Flachheit" des Dekors - kein Akanthus-"Korb", sondern eher ein "übergezogenes Netz", läßt an frühe arabische Kapitelle (z.B. 'Anjar) denken ....... [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), entrance of the prayer hall
shap_import_65805
Busra Citadel - tower
as-Saray al-Kabir, a view of the plaza in front of Aleppo citadel’s entrance
A picture taken before the war from as-Saray al-Kabir that shows the plaza opposite the entrance of the Aleppo Citadel. This square is furnished with basalt and limestone tiles and palm trees
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/25/435] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Afamiya, Architectural component with showing ionic elements
A photo taken from the southern side towards Ibn Mʿan's castle
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, north Facade - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Raqqa -Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
View of the Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra from the inside
Part of the ruins of Qalʿat Harim
Al-Madrasa ar-Rukniyya al-Barraniyya - view from the south
Traditional production of animal glue
View of a side of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
The village al-ʿAmarna, with the tall (left) and the Euphrates plain in the back
A distant view of Masyaf castle and town
A view of the Barada valley showing the train rail
al-Utrush Mosque, general view of western facade and entrance
warp threads of dyed silk in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Remains of the temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: die noch verblieben sind. Der Tempel soll aus der Zeit des Kaisers Philippus Arab, also kurz vor 250 n. Chr. stammen. Wikipedia spricht von "Hauranischem Einfluss": dazu würde der Basaltkern der Säulen gut passen - was römisch in Damaskus erhalten ist, ist Kalkstein. Vgl. Bild 0374 und 0375 ! ]
Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex
Mosaic from monastery Dayr Zakka, upon Tall Bi'a; 86:22, Raq19900047.tif
A part of family wing (so called haramlik oder juwwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Camels in the Great Colonnade, Palmyra
[Original: Kamele in der Säulenstraße]
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade
Near Safira, upper opening in a dome , used to fill in straw or chaff
Spring pasture of sheep grazing in Badiyyat ash-Sham at Sabʿ Biyar
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad, s.SW-Neg.85/735-6;738
Introducing the blue dye in boiling water to the silk threads. This process is repeated several times until the silk absorbs the blue dye effectively
This view of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya shows the dome with two drums
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard floor with geometrical designs
Kharab Shams, view from south at church ruin, 4th/6th century CE
The columned basilica, which is very high in relation to its length, lacks the outer walls of the side aisles, which probably once fell victim to an earthquake. The rafters of the lower side roof can be seen above the round arches of the arcade.
A carpet manufacturer from Al-Bab rolls out a finished felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
The façade of the cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa, the museum of Tartus today
Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Arched niche in al-Kahf Castle
A village in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
The courtyard of an-Nuri Mosque
Bayt Wakil, detail of windows and courtyard decoration
Raqqa, al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq, Remains of the southern arcade from the inside
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
[Original: Südwestnekropole, Hypogäum der „Drei Brüder“, Mitte 2. Jh. erbaut, bis 259 belegt]
General view of al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya (the coastal mountains) covered by forests
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, southern part, ground floor plan before demolition
Before destruction of southern part in 1950, copy. Size of plan 42 x 30. no scale. [Original on plan: الجبهة بحالتها الراهنة]
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
Aleppo: Citadel, Palace, 13 C.
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., South facade, decoration detail of the central doorway
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Islamic inscription
The village of al-Qirata on the northern slope of the Sajur valley, old lime-washed houses visible.
Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside
[ Description by author: Der Bogen kaschiert einen Straßenknick von ca. 25° nach links von ~ Nord-Nord-West nach ~ Nordwest. Er besteht aus zwei "Scheiben", jede rechtwinklig zum entsprechenden Straßenabschnitt. Der Grundriss bildet also ein "V" mit der Spitze links. Jede "Scheibe" hat drei Durchgänge, aber nur bei der hinteren ist der höhere mittlere Bogen erhalten. Zwischen den "Scheiben" vertrittt Mauerwerk die Säulen, links (hier verdeckt) mit einer Öffnung, rechts mit zweien. Auf dem Bild sieht man den Knick von außen: die Säulenbasen links vorn gehören zum 1., die Säulen links hinten zum 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße. Um die vordere "Scheibe zu rekonstruieren, muss man eine Linie vom Bogen links zum Bogen rechts ziehen und sich darüber den zweiten hohen Mittelbogen vorstellen. Vgl. Bild 0663a ! ]
Palmyra / Tadmur, view from afar to Ba‘alshamin Temple
[Original: Baal-Schamin-Tempel, 60 - 150 n.Chr. Im Vordergrund Bad der Zenobia]
General view of the Orontes valley in the 1960s
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Gate of south-western side/ view from outside [Original: "Salihiyyah, Tor der Südwestseite / von Außen"]
Bayt Wakil, reception hall - western wing
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Maʿlula, traditional hillside houses with galleries opening to the valley during the 1960s
General view of Bel Temple among the palm trees
[ Description by author: Morgendlicher Fernblick aus einem der beiden Hotels, also von ~ Nordosten.. ['Hotel Villa Palmyra (Heliopolis ?)'] ]
A building belongs to Qal‘at Shayzar
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior and Shrine of the Prophet Zechariah
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the minaret
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Ziad Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
View on the Euphrates River from the site of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Habuba Kabira, Interior of the last existing deepened house (debabe), which was later used only as storage space
A staircase and an entrance leading to two halls within the Roman religious complex, Mnin
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0397: Freitreppe zur großen Halle und Eingang der kleinen Halle. ]
A general scene showing some of the ruins of Palmyra and the Castle Ibn Maʿn
Remains of arches of the Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Umayyad Mosque in Damascus - al-ʿArus minaret
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, portico along the prayer hall
Damascus citadel, the prison courtyard in the north-east part
A cart dragged by a young horse to transport goods in ar-Raqqa
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, section east-west
Size of plan 70 x 50 . with ruler (no scale).
Khan al-Wazir, view of the arcade
A side from Shumaymis Castle, as-Salamiyya
Remains of the Praetorium from east, Balis (Barbalassos)
Remains of the western gate of the temple of Jupiter
Maintenance work in the course of the Barada River, Damascus
A view of fields in 'Afrin area
In the storage and living area of the Bedouin tent in ad-Duwaym
The old woman is wearing a belt of tablet weaving.
Roman sarcophagus with decorations, Qanawat
Afamiya, Ruined building
Stairs lead to the Ishtar Temple D? Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Im Vordergrund die Treppe von Bild 1185 hinten. Nach dem Gesamtplan Bild 1162 müsste sie zum Roten Tempel / Ishtar-Tempel D führen. Gesehen nach ~ Nordosten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Bimaristan an-Nuri, mill stones nade of basalt
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
Eastern East Palace, reconstruction
Inside of Krak des Chevaliers
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
"Größeres Grabmal (im Grundriß quadratischer Raumkubus mit pyramidalem Dach), sp. 6. Jh."
A view from Qalʿat Shumaymis towards the surrounding plains
Remains of Harim Castle
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and northern facade
البارة، معصرة زيتون، القرن 5-6 م
كانت عملية عصر الزيتون المنتج محلياً تتم بواسطة معاصر الزيت. يُظهر المصنع المحفوظ جيداً، أقسام العمل المختلفة.
General view of ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Auf dem linken Hang. Zu dem links oben und in der Mitte s. Bild 0408 ! Ob sich unter dem Felsüberhang weiter nach unten und rechts auch ein Grab befindet ? Die Felswand gleich über den Bäumen links wirkt auffallen geglättet, in Petra würde ich sagen "vorbereitet" ....... ]
Tomb carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Ädikula-Typ. Eigenartig der unsymmetrische Bogen: war der Platz links für eine Statue vorgesehen ? Vgl. Bild 0412, 0413 ! ]
Tall al-Biʿa at the confluence of Euphrates and Balikh rivers
Maronite Cathedral, upper pointed part of one of the cathedral towers
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a general view of the the valley around the twin castle
Qanawat -Roman nympheum
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font.
General view of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
The stairs of the Hananiya Church in Bab Tuma quarter
The church of Hananiya can be reached by a narrow staircase with small stone steps.
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates, Dayr az-Zawr
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
A side from the ruins of Halabiyya
Aghabani table cloth
Tourists with a local resident at the Peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
View from west at al-Kilaniyya historic quarter and al-Baz noria (waterwheel)
Rare view of the now vanished quarter (destroyed in 1982) on the right bank of the Orontes. [Original description: Hama quartier Kaylani] Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Drawings of an Ikat design
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
View from Masyaf Castle towards the city
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance
On the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Qanawat - Roman nympheum
Khan Qurdbak, entrance - wooden door covered with iron
General view of Jaʿbar castle
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Jurn Kabir, a swift that was found on the ground
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, arcade along the prayer hall
A view in Suq al-Buzuriyya, Old City of Damascus
Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, facade and entrance of the prayer hall
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside
Northwest corner of Mushannaf Temple with the artificial pool in the foreground
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, general view from south-west
Upper part of the western facade, Maʿbad ad-Dumayr (Temple)
[Orignal: Wasserheiligtum, Dreiecksgiebel über Schmalseite]
One of the inner part of Ibn Maʿn Castle
Suq az-Zarb, view towards west of the suq after the destruction
Patchwork for textile designs
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, entrance
The dome hall in the upper floor of Qasr al-ʿAzm (Palace)
Der Kuppelsaal. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
The men's quarters (Salamlik), Qasr al-ʿAzm
(Offizieller Bereich): Innenhof. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, iwan of hall entrance
An apse in Hananiya church in Bab Tuma quarter
The stone vaulted niche contains three paintings that tell part of the stories of Paul the Apostle
Tall Dahab, Back of the guest house with surrounding scultural ornamentation
General view Hama city, showing al-Muhamadiyya waterwheel (noria)
[Original: Blick auf die Stadt und ein Noria (Schöpfrad) am Stadtpark]
A herd of sheep drinks near the Barada spring
Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Zumindest Rückwand des Raumes rechts der Apsis: Fresko eines Heiligen, Ich wäre geneigt, die Buchstaben als "Abraham" zu lesen - aber wird der so recht jugendlich mit Heiligenschein dargestellt ? ]
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, entrance of prayer hall - arch support
Great Mosque, people in the courtyard
Ghuta of Damascus, an alley in one of the villages
Zayzun waterfalls of a tributary into Yarmuk river (border Syria/Jordan)
Bab Qinnasrin, general view of the gate's tower with its machicolations and parapets
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, al-Midan entrance
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Ecological and botanical garden
View to the Qalamun Mountains from Halbun
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), West door of the Chapel
Khan Qurdbak, iwan of the Mamluk palace
Al-Bab, the upper part of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir (the Great Mosque) minaret
reconstruction al-Husn Church
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Detail aus Bild 1284: die rechte Säule des Fensters.'].
General view of Hiraqla victory monument, near Raqqa
A Jacquard-loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
View, from south, at northern overbuilt part of Suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (Picciotto house)
A village on the foothills of the coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Busra, Hammam Manjak, iwan in the cold section (barrani)
Qanawat, Rural house
Vaulted hall in the old city of Tartus
Raqqa, main shopping road with salesman of vegetables
A grove with irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
Exterior view to east
Basalt orthostats on the western side of ʿAyn Dara Temple
Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations
Palace D; Inst.Neg. 86/1426 Floral frieze decoration
Village houses with courtyards in Mishrifa (ancient Qatna)
View of as-Sajur river
Raqqa - finds discovered in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex
Ra O-OK 221 Oil lamp. [original: 'Öllampe']. [ 89/53/836] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, interior of the prayer hall
The top floor of a house in Old Damascus
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
A concrete irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
As cement became as an easy-to-use building material, farmers began building irrigation channels using that material. The concrete canal in the picture seems to be missing the aesthetic element, unlike the old canals that were corresponding to the surrounding environment.
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - founding inscription
Threshing in Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain): farmers are separating wheat from chaff
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration
Jamiʿ(mosque) al-Hanabila - north-south section with the prayer hall, courtyard, and the minaret
Çintamani motifs, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
ar-Rusafa, Goat hair tent erected for a funeral service
Machicolations on the wall of Damascus Citadel
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard, doors to cells
Bad al-Hadid, detail of a rank decorating the gate's entrance from outside
A picture of workers doing restorations in the Umayyad Mosque
Corridor, column
Agriculture in the Coastal Mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
[Original: Bewässerte Zitruspflanzung im Vorland d. Ansariyengebirges]
A road in a village in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, general view to north - courtyard, eastern arcade and iwan
[Original:'Madrasa al-Firdaus, Halab / Aleppo. Fertiggestellt 1235/36. Hier der Innenhof mit dem großen Iwân.].
Muzayrib - Ruins of an historical bridge
Pilgerstraße, Brücke
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, an inscription above the entrance gate
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Stonework in the Citadel of Damascus
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Main Entrance, Courtyard
Decorated wooden door of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Bab al-Maqam, general view
A local bakery in the old city of Aleppo
A picture of croissants pieces in a local bakery in the historic neighborhood of al-Jallum.
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila, inscription
Aleppo, Bab al-Maqam city gate, general view from south, ca. 1932 during French mandate
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window
The window has rectangular shape and decorated by ablaq style (black and yellow masonry) on the sides and joggled voussoir. All combined inside a large flat niche with two spiral columns on the lower section and topped by a cornice of muqarnas. The niche top part framed by double muqarnas plates and carved serrated border. Also, there is upper small niche above the big windows.
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani)
Homs, Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque, an old photo from the 1920/30s
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
View from the courtyard towards the northeastern side of the valley, Dayr Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Blick vom Innenhof auf die ~ nordöstliche Talseite mit modernen Bauten für Leute "auf der Suche". Die teil-vermauerten Höhlen könnten die der ursprünglichen Mönche sein. ]
Interior view, courtyard of Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Kapitell einer Säule des Konchos.'].
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak, the courtyard
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/983] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Picnic on the Euphrates bank, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Ghab plain: thatched mud houses, 1963
Google earth- al-Husn Church 2017
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view of the facade and the entrance
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
Suq Aslan Dada, view of the Mamluk coat of arms (rank) at the north entrance after completion of the rebuilding work
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
A warping machine in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, view of the rectangular minarett above the main entrance
A view of the remains of Harim Castle
Shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya, currently selling candles for the Palm Sunday procession
Busra, The hot section (juwwani) of Hammam Manjak
Hamam Manjak
The mausoleum (turba) of Ibn Salama ar-Raqqi, topped by a dome
Sirjilla, two-storeyed andron
[Original: Andron mit doppelgeschossiger Vorhalle, von Konsolenkapitellen getragen, 6. Jh.]
Bimaristan Arghun, southern facade of main courtyard
shap_import_60905
Remains of the Ummayad Palace in Jabal Says
Khan Qurdbak, decoration details above a window in the iwan
Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction
Drawing of total reconstruction [on original: III, Abb. 2, S. 12]
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, angle niches below the dome in the mausoleum
shap_import_66076
Detail of decorations, Agora
[ Description by author: Ausschnitt aus dem Mäander-Dekor. ]
Sacrophagi in the Hypogeum of the Three Brothers
[ Description by author: Die Sarkophage, als Triclinium angeordnet. ]
Stucco panels on the walls of an Abbasid building in Kharab Sayyar
View of the Mediterranean Sea, Tartus
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Beim Austritt des Kanals, Blick nach ~ Nordosten. Vorn rechts die "Treppe", links ein Altar, hinten die Säule und links von ihr noch ein Altar. ]
A niche with ogee arch, Harim Castle
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade
Interior view of Tomb Tower of Elahbel, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Erdgeschoss, Inneres. Links und rechts zwischen den Pilastern die Loculi für die Toten. Im Hintergrund die Familie des Grabinhabers, vgl. Bild 0836 ! Zur Decke s. Bild 0837 ! ]
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
A woman in a rural area with traditional clothes
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the main hall (qaʿa)
[Original: B86 /Film XV]
Mosaic of the sea goddess "Thetys", Shahba Museum
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription above ad-Darih
The city of Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
[ G 88/ 07/ 075] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].. On the back of the photos:[everything is Raqqa without 073] ['Alles Raqqa, ausser 073']
View of a hill in the upper Euphrates valley (al-Furat al-Aʿla)
Church of the monk Buhayra, the oldest church in Busra
{Original: Katdraʾiyyat}
View inside the courtyard of Manjak Mosque
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan
Houses overlooking the Barada River in Old Damascus
Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq
Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara
Habuba Kabira, shell of the dome house made of dried clay bricks with quarry stone base
Aerial view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn (castle) from the west
Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, 1754
The largest commercial building of Damascus with the distinctive change of basalt and limestone was built by the governor Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm.
Vineyard in the Ghuta of Damascus
The farmers in the Ghuta used some techniques and agricultural processes including grafting. The vine was grafted with white, black and red grapes.
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Palmyra, Grave in Diocletian Camp
[ Description by author: Eingang zu einem Grab in der Nähe des Fahnenheiligtums. Vgl. Bild 0760 ! ['~ kein Datum !] ]
Interior view to the west showing the courtyard and the entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
[ Description by author: Innenseite, gesehen über den Innenhof nach ~ Westen. ]
ʿIsa minaret in the south-eastern corner of the Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: gesehen von ~ Norden und römische Reste an der Ostseite der Moschee. Die Tür Bild 0161 befindet sich, wenn ich mich richtig erinnere, hinter dem Betrachter in der rechten Mauer. ]
Afamiya, a side of ruins
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Blick nach Süden auf Grabtürme: links hinten der des Maliku, rechts der des Jambliqu. ]
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance
shap_import_64338
The Baths of Diocletian
[ Description by author: - aber was sollen dann die Säulen vorn ? Im Hintergrund der mittlere Abschnitt der Säulenstraße, die Bögen markieren den südlichen Eingang in die Rundstraße ums Theater. Die Außenseite von dessen Scaenae Frons erkennt man rechts hinter den Säulen. Gesehen von ~ Nordosten. ]
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, carved decoration on the exterior facade
Making pickles
Khan Dannun - Courtyard
10 piastres (silver), 17 mm, 1929 (French Mandate)
shap_import_130398
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., decorative door of reliquary room in southern facade (east)
The relics of Symeon were located in the southern apse side room. This martyrion can be recognized from the outside by the third door in the south wall and by a tiny window next to the door through which the pilgrims could be supplied with holy oil. A direct door into the sanctuary suggests that the Symeon relic was also used during the service. The windows are bordered by a particularly elaborately designed cornice band. The façade also has oblique grooves and square depressions, probably from the base of a sloping roof and its purlins.
Google earth- al-Husn Church 2010
View to the northeast, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: in seiner Landschaft. Etwas anderer Standort als Bild 0493, Blick nach ~ Nordosten. ]
al-Husn Church, remains of basilica's wall, which constitue the boundary of an agricultural field
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, interior view of prayer hall dome
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Remains of the mosque of the western enclosure, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
[Original: Pavillon]
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Al-Bara, oil mill, 5th-6th c.
The locally grown olives were pressed in oil mills. The well-preserved production site clearly shows the various work areas.
Habuba Kabira, construction of a mud brick house before the circular of the domes is started
A side of architectural remains, Ugarit
shap_import_74018
A photo of a residential quarter in the city of Tartus
General view of the Mediterranean coast near Baniyas
The statue of Harun al-Rashid in Raqqa
Khan al-Jumruk, decorations and windows on the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
al-Bara, Pyramidal roofed tomb known locally as As-Sawma‘a,
Zayzun waterfalls of a tributary to Yarmuk river, which is there the border between Syria and Jordan
Terraced grain fields on the western slope of the coastal mountain range (Jabal Ansariyya)
A traditional house in Jabʿadin
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Qastal
Busra, the Roman theater stage is surrounded by the Islamic citadel
On the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Hadiqat al-Umma (al-Umma Park) in Damascus
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., south aisle
Damascus, part of the city wall and the eastern tower
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Das "Windstoß"-Kapitell der Säule rechts der Tür.'].
Salah ad-Din statue situated in front of the western facade of Damascus citadel
Entrance gate to the city of Ugarit
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Burj as-Saʿa, inscription
Ar-Raqqa, part of city wall
An orchard in the Ghuta of Damascus
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tombs
Aghabani table cloth with gold and silver threads
A courtyard of a domed house in the village of Shaykh Hilal
One of the village houses used to welcome tourists. In the middle of the courtyard there is a water fountain, also built with mud. The two domes in the picture are coated with lime to beautify and protect them.
Remains of ancient buildings in Shahba, partly inhabited
A side of the architectural remains, Mari (Tall al-Hariri)
Raqqa, A side of Qasr al-Banat
A man weaving textiles with a pit-loom in Hama
Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance
shap_import_61539
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, The flattened dome roofs have just received new plastering.
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
A view from the Castle toward Harim city
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Engraving on copper in Suq Midhat Basha
Western facade of the Saraya complex (Maʿbad Zeus), Qanawat
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq, after the destruction, near the Sabil Suq az-Zarb, view towards west
Bel Temple, column with Ionic captial on the south facade of the cella
[ Description by author: Tele-Aussschnitt aus Bild 0614: das jonische Kapitell der linken Halbsäule der Cella-Südwand. ]
Arial view at Tall al-Bai'a from the north. [Kalla (1999) 131]: [Gßbor Kalla: Christentum am oberen Euphrat. Das byzantinische Kloster von Tall Bi'a. in: Antike Welt 30/2 (1999).]
General view of Baalshamin Temple from the east
Luxury summer houses in Bludan
Entrance gate to the city of Ugarit
[Original: Ausfalltor in Ugarit]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
Waterwheels of Kilaniyya
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Al-Bab, The minaret of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir (the Great Mosque)
Wedding party in a street in Mukhayyam al-Yarmuk in Damascus
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, collapsed roof of prayer hall, eastern part
Hof mit Dikke [Original: Dscham'a el Utrusch]
Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi, seen towards the south
[Original: Mo. Nach S.]
Porticus post scaenam, Roman Theater - Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
The minaret of Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Inscription on the eastern arcade
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Small fledgeling shelters in the form of domes, to be closed by night with stones
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Tomb of Az-Zahir Ghazi and his family.
Dayr Zakka (monastery), mosaic in a destroyed part of the building, showing a palm, a fallow deer and birds
Raq19930002.tif
Dome of the mausoleum (turba) and madrasa of Amat al-Latif daughter of the an-Nasih al-Hanbali
[Original: ( mm 84 )]
Domed house in the village of Shaykh Hilal
A view of one of the village houses, with a front porch and a small garden planted with flowers.
A modern building and a traditional mud fence in one of the Ghouta fields of Damascus
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, stone arches
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico - Mamluk rank
Aleppo Citadel, entrance gateways and bridge
Part of the mihrab decorations, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mihrâb: Kapitellchen der kleinen Säulen im unteren Teil der Nische. ]
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, entrance and courtyard of the kitchen
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/405] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
In the living compartment of the tent, which is embroidered in patchwork technique (the same tent is on photo #2850 and #2853.)
Ar-Raqqa, city wall, showing an arched gate and two towers
Great Mosque, courtyard and prayer hall facade
The Phot shows the courtyard and the southern side of the prayer hall facade, west of the porch.
Damage of the minaret. Here in general the minaret 03 is seen..
Kirkbiza in the Dead Cities: A farmer ploughing his field with a metal plough, pulled by a mule and an ox.
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
Bayt Dallal, decorated stone of the well
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the prayer hall
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, courtyard with a rectangular basin
Suq az-Zarb, view of the former (destroyed) entrance arch to the west
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
Exterior view to north, palaestra of the South Baths
Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (English)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
Roman bridge in at-Tayyiba over the course of the Wadi az-Zaydi
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
Remains of the Byzantine Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Die Substrukturen von oben. Man steht am Rand des letzten erhaltenen Gewölbes, Blick nach ~ Südosten. Links sind vier Ansätze der Gewölbe-Gurte zu erkennen. Die Kathedrale liegt links außerhalb des Bildes. ]
Remains of fortifications in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
A side of Salah ad-Din Castle
The Dome of the Clock, courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque
[Original: Omayyaden-Moschee (705 - 725), Pavillon mit byzant. Kapitellen, im 18./19. Jh. zum „Glockenbaldachin“ zusammengesetzt]
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The minaret and the courtyard
A shepherd-boy with his herd, on the edge of al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Junge mit Schafe am Rand des Ghab]
Funerary sculpture of a Palmyrene couple
[Original: Museum: Grabrelief für ein Ehepaar]
Yabrud: residential buildings as road-accompanying development
Street view with central hall house. This type of house is a local variation (of the Qalamun Mountains) of a house form known since mid of the 19th century, mostly from Lebanon. It has a shaded entrance with an arcade of three arches on round columns on the ground floor, above it on the upper floor a repetition as open seating area. Stone façade is made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. On the upper floor, a balcony extends over the entire facade. These houses might have been built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
A popular market in Raqqa
Dead Cities, Kirkbiza: A team of mule and oxen pulling a metal plough.
Aleppo, Ajiqbash House, courtyard and iwan damages in 2018
The former courtyard house of a merchant family served as Aleppo’s Museum of Folk Traditions. The house is severely damaged, especially the open living space facing the courtyard (Iwan).
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance
Jurn Kabir, the only two school classrooms for children of the village
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Blick von der Abrutsch-Kante nach ~ Osten in die Euphrat-Auen.
A traditionally crafted tapestry weave
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, public fountain (sabil) beside the main entrance
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
Damascus, Minaret al-Qalʿi, 15 C.
One of the most important minarets from the Mamluk era in Damascus due to its rich ornamental elements of Muqarnas cells, geometrical panels.
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, decorative niches on the wall of a room
Neg. Nr. 83/5-33A/34
Al-Madrasa as-Sharafiyya, main entrance facade, Inscription
Jurn Kabir, Woman demonstrating the production of a rod mat (arab. zarb) with the help of stone weights
Minaret of al-Aqsab Mosque, Damascus
Bimaristan an-Nuri, frame of the entrance door
The main facade of the Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Jabla
Western shore of Jabbul-Salt Lake, abondoned village with dome houses
A horizontal loom
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Church of the Armenians in ar-Raqqa
A circular skylight opening of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm's courtyard (collapsed central dome)
Part of golden and coloured mosaic, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mittelgang, Südwand, Westende.- Die Bilder 0179 - 0192 wurden mit einem High-Speed-Film gemacht, daher die mäßige Qualität ! (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/04/2004] ]
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco in ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
Excavation work inside ad-Daydariyya cave
Bayt Wakil, iwan - decoration above a room's door
General view to the lower parts of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
View of a village on the slopes of mountainous hill, al-Furat al-Aʿla (Upper Euphrates Valley)
View, from south, at northern overbuilt part of Suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (Picciotto house)
A photo showing tomb towers, part of modern city and the oasis
View from Shumaymis Castle towards the plains
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inscription
Afamiya, a side of ruins
shap_import_44111
Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya
The shrine room of the Prophet Zakariya – the father of the Prophet Yahya, or, in the Christian tradition, John the Baptist – lies to the left (east) of the main niche forming the front of the centrally positioned nave of the prayer hall. It is shielded by a copper screen and topped by a small dome. The shrine room of the Prophet Zakariya was renovated and decorated according to the long inscription above it dated 1120 AH / 1708 AD. The shrine room of Zakariya shows a characteristic Ottoman feature. It is covered by several types of ceramic tiles. First, there is a unique type of hexagonal tiles, based on an early Iznik blue and white prototype from the 16th century with plump peony motifs. A second group of tiles are of the ‘Dome of the Rock’ type. Also, there are two types of rectangular border tiles decorated with cruciform ogival medallions amongst scrolling arabesques and foliage and two different colour schemes: one in black on a turquoise ground, the other in apple green outlined in brown on a white ground.
View to the east. The northern riwaq to the left, and the northern facade to the right. The burned eastern part is in the background. The space is 07 in general, according to the ground plan. Here in general F, Ft. Wc. Wd, and Wa. are seen.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - excavations
[ 87/ 59/ 1772] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. On the back of the photo: [87/59].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
General view of Balis on the Euphrates river
Hubert Mezannar, son of Antoine Elias Mezannar. In the background is the certificate of a gold medal, the family won in 1936 on an international fair
At the beginning of the 20th century, Antoine Mezannar brought mechanical looms from Lyon with electric motors to Damascus and became one of the first consumers of electricity in Damascus.
Khan al-Wazir, general view
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, facade of the hall entrance
[Original: B63 Film-VI]
Interior view of Qanawat theater
Suq al-Buzuriyya: shops with candied fruit, sugar-coated nuts and other sweets
Shop
General view of Maʿlula town
[Original: Malulla bei Damaskus, orientalischer Grundriss]
Courtyard of the monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Innenhof, rechts die Kirche.- Das Kloster geht auf Mönchsgrotten in der Umgebung aus dem 6. Jh. zurück, die ältesten Gebäudeteile stammen aus dem 10. Jh., die Fresken (vgl. Bild 0480 - 0490 !) - in drei Lagen übereinander ! - aus der Zeit bis zum 15. Jh.. Gegen Ende des 17. Jh. wurde das Kloster verlassen. Sein Patron soll der Sohn eines äthiopischen Königs sein und das Kloster gegründet haben. ]
Rumi motifs forming the border of the frame, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
General view of the houses of the village of Shaykh Hilal
The domed houses are of near proximity to each other and interspersed with shrubs that are often planted in the houses’ courtyards.
Safita, The Donjon of the Templars with a chapel in the ground floor
General view of the Shumaymis Castle
auf ihrem Vulkankegel (oben als Fels und im Mauerwerk Basalt !). Gesehen von entweder Südwesten (so der GPS-Tag) oder von Südosten, von der Straße Hamâ - Salamiya. [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
Apse of basilica, al-Bara
The Pigeons, old city of Damascus
A flock of pigeons flies over the old City
Temporary title for Image 68390
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, the great iwan dome
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, the main entrance from the outside
Al-Marja Square with the Column of Telegraph, Damascus
Great Mosque, Minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Vaulted room in the Citadel of Damascus
In the courtyrad of the Umayyad Mosque - view to al-ʿArus minaret and northern arcade
The Buwayda pond at the foot of the Ayyubid citadel in Salkhad
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription on top of the citadel entrance.
The Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'' from the inside, Damascus
Palmyra Theater, central part (valva regia) of scaenae frons
The apse of eastern cathedral, Afamiya
Busra, Hammam Manjak, niches in the hot section (juwwani)
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq
The stage of Roman Theatre and the Ayyubid Citadel, Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara
Tall al-Mishrifa (Qatna) within its geographic area
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, one of the pendentives carrying the dome
A warping machine in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Aliya Alnuami is experimenting with new ways of painting and decorating ‘Ajami work
Busra, Hammam Manjak before the restoration work
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
Raqqa V; Restoration of Eastern Palace
Roman tower tomb in Sarrin
One of the Basilica aisles, is separated from the central courtyard by a row of arches based on columns, Basilica A, ar-Rusafa
[Original: 1945 Geschenk Prof. Friedrich Sarre]
Tall Aswad near Raqqa, view to an outbuilding of a farmstead
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Main entrance
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, damage mapping (English)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, southern facade with spolia stones and hieroglyphic writing
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the khan with the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Corner pilaster topped by Corinthian capital, Funerary Temple
[Original: Tempelgrab Nr. 86 Weinrankenfries eines Eckpilasters]
Muzayrib - millstone within an ancient watermill
Junblat house, the southern iwan decorated with marble and tiles
The summer iwan belongs to a residential large house with several courtyards and opens to one of them. It is lined with ceramic tiles. Parts of the complex were damaged during the war.
The western vaulted arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-Umawi (Umayyad Mosque)
Computer modeling of the Mount Hermon
[Original: Hermon Computeraufn.]
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The prayer hall
Monolith ceiling of the south thalamos in the cella, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Cella, Süd-Thalamos: Decke. Sie besteht aus einem einzigen Monolithen. ]
View from Harim Castle towards the nearby plains
Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway, hawker in foreground
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., central view at nave and apse
General view of the fertile Zabadani plains
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, prayer hall (qibliyya), window above the prayer niche
Remains of the Byzantine tower incorporated into the Umayyad complex at Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (Palace)
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Some of inner parts, Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, exterior facade
The street facade of the coffeehouse is unique for this kind of building regarding its openness, size and large-surface decoration.
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, Building ornaments at the entrance
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
Ground plan of buildings in southern Suwayqat Ali in Farafira quarter.
Part of Farafira, Cad.district VII-3-1, incl. Matbakh al-Ajami before destruction by street [27]/see book Suwayqat Ali, p. 45. size of plan 55 x 45 .with ruler (55 x 45).
The prayer niche and the pulpit in the middle of the south wall in the prayer hall of the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo
In the 7th century AH / 13th century AD, after the Mongols under Hulagu Khan had attacked Aleppo and damaged the Great Mosque, the Mamluks extensively rebuilt it, replacing the wooden ceiling of the prayer hall by stone vaults on pillars. The mihrab was replaced by the Mamluk sultan Qalawun; his name is indicated above the present one, together with that of his governor, the Mamluk prince Qarasunqur al-Jukandar, and the date 684 AH / 1285 AD: “In the name of God, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. It was commanded to be built after it was burned by Our Master the greatest Sultan, al-Malik al-Mansur Sayf al-Dunya wa l-Din Qalawun, may God enhance his victory. By the high advice of the master, al-Amir Shams al-Din Qarasunqur al-Jukandar al-Maliki al-Mansuri. The governor of the guarded principality of Aleppo, may God reward and guard him, in the month of Rajab of the year six hundred and eighty-four [September 1285 AD]”.
East and south side of the cella of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: West- und Südseite, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Über dem Gebälk der Peristase "Assyrische Treppenzinnen" - typisch für derartige Gebäude im Nahen Osten in dieser Zeit, s. z.B. Petra ! ]
A general view of the remains of Shayzar Castle located on a rocky cliff
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of faience tiles
North-East Syria, the Upper Euphrates
Bridge reaching to Ibn Maʿn Castle
Bayt Ajiqbash, the splendid decorated iwan
Madrasa al-Hallawiyya: interior view at the former Byzantine apse
Parts of the Byzantine cathedral (5th c.) were integrated into a religious college (Medrese) in the 12th century. During the war, the monument was damaged and plundered.
Hammam al-Bayyada, general plan
The remains of the temple of 'Ayn Dara-1
Qalʿat Salah ad-Din located in the coastal mountain forests
View into a room in Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
shap_import_48458
Remains of 'Ayn Dara temple built of basalt stones
Capital of column, portico of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Ein Kapitell des Portikus, vielleicht aus dem Nordost-Bereich. ]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inner courtyard with eastern arcade
Al-Khusrawiyya, view at the Madrasa courtyard in 2007
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance - decoration details
Madrasat al-Firdaws, mausoleum - inscription above wall cabinet
ʿAyn Diwar, The Zengid bridge on the Tigris
Jabla, Remains of the Roman Theater
A woman showing a woven saddle bag with embroidery
The minaret of Jamiʿ (Mosque) ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi
[ Description by author: Da dieses Bild von der Filmnummer zwischen dem Darwîsch-Kloster (Bild 0356) und der Moschee Shaikh Mûhi d-Dîn al-'Arabi (Bild 0358) steht, dürfte es sich um das MInarett eines der beiden Gebäude handeln. ]
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, dome and muqarnas squinches of the tomb
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription above the prayer hall entrance
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, inscription above the hall entrance
[original: B63 Film-VI]
Qasr Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, courtyard and arcade
The palace of the governor’s family al-‘Azm houses today a Museum of Arts and Popular Traditions.
General view of the castle and the village, Qalʿat Najm
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Decoration on the entrance arch
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Relief decorated Frieze; National Museum Damascus from ar-Raqqa
A view of the iwan of Dada house
Liwan
Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa, southern side, today Tartus-Museum
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
View to the Proscenium of Palmyra Theater, 2nd c. AD
Plan of The Baths of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Extremer Ausschnitt aus einem Stadtplan. ]
Afamiya Theater, remains of Cavea
shap_import_70740
Ghouta of Damascus, collecting of hemp in 1970s
al-Lajat region, ancient cistern for storing water
The historic alley leading to al-ʿAzm Palace
[Original: Azem-Palast, von Asad-al-Azem 1740 begonnen, unter seinem Neffen Nasuh Pascha al-Azam Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts erweitert]
Hiraqla victory monument: reliefed fragments
Remains of the Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Auch dieses Halbsäulen scheinen mir ursprünglich römisch zu sein: Dekor der inneren (äußeren ?) Cella-Wand. Vgl. Bild 0084 ! ]
Remains of a courtyard at Ibn Mʿan Castle
Scaenae Frons, Theatre of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Die Porta Regia mit dem Durchgang zur Säulenstraße, vgl. Bild 0721 ! Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Aliya Alnuami is applying the relief paste on her ‘Ajami-work
South wall of the central shrine (cella), Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Gesehen von Süden. Zu sehen die Schmalseite der Cella, dekoriert mit zwei Halbsäulen mit jonischen Kapitellen (vgl. Bild 0615 !) und gerahmt von Pilastern mit Kapitellen (vgl. Bild 0616 !) zwischen der West-Peristase mit dem Monumental-Tor und den Säulen der Ost-Peristase. ]
A woman presenting her spindle
General view of the town of Maʿlula
[ Description by author: Gesehen vom linken Berg - GPS-Tag approximativ - nach ~ Nordosten auf den Ortskern. Unten links die Masjid Ma'lûlâ, oben links das Kloster Mâr Takla und links davon der Eingang zum Fajj Mâr Takla. Hinter dem Ganzen der "rechte" Berg und das Plateau. ]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, the main entrance
Suq Aslan Dada, general view after completion of the reconstruction, view towards south
Different goods and spices on display infront of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya
Northern towers from inside the North Gate, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, double arcade front of the prayer hall
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font
Stucco decorations in situ, Kharab Sayyar
[Original: Stucke in Situ an. Jasc.]
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall
[Original: Grabung Kohlmeyer]
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Today empty domed houses in an Assyrian village seen from the street side
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a circular aperture in the roof of courtyard
A view in the Limestone Massif, near al-Bara
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, prayer hall (old Midan)
Painting of a calligraphy work of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Mohammad Haj Qab in the age of 17 working with the craft of ‘Ajami
Raqqa, Great Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq), the courtyard
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, the baptistery
A view of an-Nuri mosque and the Kilaniyya norias (water wheels), Hama
[Original: Nuri-Moschee am Orontes (unter Nur ad-Din 1162/63 errichtet) und Norias]
Al-ʿArus minaret of the Umayyad Mosque
Traditional houses near as-Sajur river
Doppelraumgrundriss
Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa, section east-west, view to south
Annex building in the north of Matbakh al Ajami, size of plan 25 x 30, with ruler (no scale).
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window
The upper part of the middle window of the exterior western facade.
A view of people in traditional dress with a camel in Shahba
The historical centre of Maʿlula with St. Lawandius Church and hillside houses facing the valley
Minaret of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, as-Salamiyya
Gesehen von der Sâhat al-Hurriya nach ~ Südosten. Im Vordergrund zwei byzantinische Säulen mit Kapitellen, vermutlich aus einer Kirche. [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Windows above the western entrance of the Cathedral, today Tartus Museum
[Original: "Kathedrale Nôtre-Dame, zwei Fenster über dem Portal und ein krönendes drittes Fenster werden von eingestellten Säulen und Archivolten gerahmt"]
Mausoleum of ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi
["Nr.A"] (see catalogue-no. A; in: Meinecke, Michael, in: Damaszener Mitteilungen I/1983)
Jamiʿ Sharaf, the minaret
A traditionally crafted tapestry cover (Kilim)
Harim Castle, view into an entrance
Bayt Dallal, iwan with a wooden canopy
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, courtyard and eastern riwaq (portico)
Historical photograph with a view from Courtyard/ Sahn towards southeast, showing some rubble from collapsed parts of prayer hall [Original: Dscham'a el Utrusch]
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, windows on the tambour of one of the domes
Raqqa, Northeast Complex, coin found during the excavation
Tahir; Coin; approx. 199 h.; Ra-83-NO-06
Habuba Kabira, construction of the corner of a mud brick house
The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel
General view of Baalshamin Temple, 2nd century AD
[ Description by author: und nördlicher Säulenhof, gesehen von ~ Ost-Nord-Ost. Die Anlage umfasste auch einen südlichen Säulenhof und erstreckte sich im Nordosten bis unter das heutige Hotel Zenobia. Der Tempel datiert aus der Mitte des 2. Jhs. n. Chr. ]
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, geometric decorations in the niche, built with bricks
Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, General view
View from south-west, Basilica of Kharab Shams
[Original. Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, von SW. Nach dem Einsturz der Seitenschiffe bei einem Erdbeben ist nur noch das Mittelschiff erhalten. Fensterhochwand mit Rechteckfenstern stammt aus dem 4. Jh., die mit Rundbogenfenstern aus dem 6. Jh.]
Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Basha, south western corner with former sabil
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, interior view: courtyard and rooms from outside
Bahra mit Moscheefront 1917?
Jabal ʿAruda on the right bank of the Euphrates
Lintel of the main entrance of the Church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Tympanon der südlichen Tür]
Feast of the excavation with musicians playing the local music with mizmar (local oboe) and big drum
A side of the city remains, Ugarit
shap_import_74034
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Capital from ar-Raqq, National Museum Damascus, Nr.13446
General view of Baalshamin Temple, 2nd century AD
[Original: Tempel des Baal Schamin (beim Hotel Zenobia)]
The altar of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
[ Description by author: in Form eines Naiskos und Propyläen von der Hofseite, gesehen von ~ Norden. ]
Jamiʿ Sharaf, the old mihrab
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, interior view: courtyard, rooms from outside, arcade and the inner entrance
A side of the Cavea, Palmyra Theater
[ Description by author: linker Teil. Die Cavea soll ursprünglich etwa dreimal so viele Sitzreihen gehabt haben: das Theater von Palmyra war eines der größten im Nahen Osten. Es wurde allerdings niemals vollendet ....... Im Hintergrund ganz links die Burg, weiter rechts und näher der Tetrapylon. Der Bogen rechts in der Kolonnade markiert den nordwestlichen Durchgang zur Rundstraße ums Theater. Gesehen nach ~ Nordwesten. ]
Bayt Ghazala, fountain in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
[Original: B88- Film II]
Valley of the Tombs, Tomb of Jambliku - lintel of the entranceway door
[ Description by author: Der Türsturz, ebenfalls mit zweisprachiger Inschrift. ]
Dome from the outside, Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil
General view of Husn Sulayman
The donjon and the corner tower of Yahmur Castle
View of a group of monumental buildings in Palmyra, Theater, Agora
[ Description by author: Hinten Mitte das Theater und die Rundstraße um die Cavea. Davor links die Agora mit ganz links dem Bankettsaal. Rechts der Agora der Annex. Blick nach ~ Nordosten. ]
Remains of the Great Colonnade
View from Harim Castle towards the nearby plains
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Khan Qurdbak, eastern portico
Remains of walls and pillars, Mari (Tall al-Hariri)
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner
shap_import_63417
Bayt Dallal, a part of courtyard and iwan
View at Liwan and the Diwanchane
Khan al-Jumruk, general view showing the mosque's dome and the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Plan of Krak des Chevaliers
[Krak, Plan]
On the western shore of Jabbul salt lake, triangle door of a kitchen as a domed room
View from the Zayzun waterfalls into Yarmuk river, which there the border between Syria and Jordan
Raising camels in the western part of Badiyat ash-Sham
A boy is presenting a woven Kilim tapestry made by his mother
A woman showing how to card wool. She is wearing a silk Habari (head scarf)
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
Masbanat az-Zanabili, view of the courtyard and the northern courtyard facade
View the northeast corner of the Agora
[ Description by author: Blick von ~ Osten auf die Nordost-Ecke der Agora (Forum) und in den ihren Innenhof mit Resten von Säulen der Portikus. Links geht es zum Annex, zum hohen Portal rechts vgl. Bild 0705 ! ]
River section of Barada
Small cistern in the Castle of Harim
Decorated door lintel, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Der Türsturz der Anlage.- Die Farbe ganz rechts ist nachträglich eingesetzt: diese rechte Seite war grellweiß überstrahlt ! ]
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - founding inscription
ar-Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, the northern iwan
Byzantine decorated basalt stone reused in the construction of Qal‘at Shayzar
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari- A photo taken from the minaret showing the courtyard and the prayer hall
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Throne Hall
Khan Qurdbak, southern part of the Khan - iwan of the Mamluk Palace
In the southern part of Tall Abyad, remains of the church made of mud bricks
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, The domes of the houses built in the 1930s were often flattened later.
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
ar-Rusafa, general view of Basilica B, cisterns and city wall
Khan al-Wazir, decorations and windows on top of the entrance's internal facade
Afamiya, columns of colonnaded axis (Cardo Maximus)
[Original. "Säulenstraße, 1,8 km lang und 37,5 m breit, nördlicher Abschnitt (glatte Säulenschäfte mit korinthischen Kapitellen) nach 115 n.Chr."]
A view from Qalʿat Shayzar towards the Orontes plains
Main entrance of the church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Tür der Südseite]
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
[ 87/ 59/ 1789] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. On the back of the photo: [87/59].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
A side of Krak des Chevaliers
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Part of the noria wheel
['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
A view of the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), Central courtyard and chapel
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Rapid Condition/Damage Assessment File
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, Rapid Damage Assessment File, suggesting a recommendation class "RC" (acc. to European Norm EN 16096), including a condition assessment and proposed interventions
Tall Dahab, Guesthouse of a village with sculptural decoration of the facade
As-Sisi alley: southern entrance with gate
View of the alley seen from the southern end, where the former gate, built in a narrow place, is clearly visible. Such gates were common until the beginning of the twentieth century in many old town streets, and were closed every evening.
Citadel der Aleppo, main entrance gateway
Archaeological find in the Eastern Palace, ar-Raqqa
Jamiʿ (mosque) ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi, seen from Friday's suq
Photos near al-Jami' as-Salimi, Nr.50
Camels and camel herder on way home after transporting cotton sacks in the fields of the Euphrates valley
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
ar-Rusafa, Basilika A, view from west of the bema and the apse
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Decorated wooden panels of the Aleppo Room, Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (1601-1603).
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade
View from east to the cella of Bel Temple
Exterior view from east
A side of Ibn Maʿn Castle
In a small village on the Khabur: foreign visitors are welcomed
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Bimaristan Arghun, inscription
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., Apse and south façade
[Original: Basilika, vor 469, SO-Seite]
Maʿlula, the procession to the Holy Cross celebration also passes through the narrow alleys of the old town.
Bab as-Salam, portal with coloured stone layers (ablaq)
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima, exterior view
Bayt Wakil, section drawing of the hall facade
Size of plan 30 x 26, no scale.
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard, portico and basin
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, western facade
Natural diversity in the Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Damascus Gate on the south eastern side of the City Wall, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
~ Ostseite, Abschnitt zur Stadt. Gesehen von der ~ Westseite nach ~ Osten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Exterior view of Krak des chevaliers (Qalʿat al-Husn)
Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus
Salt production in extraction, possibly in as-Sabkha in the Euphrates Valley
[Original: Salzgewinnung im Euphrattal]
View to the south from ad-dalati street.
Pre-drawn pattern of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Abdelraouf Baydoun is working on the underdrawing of a ‘Ajami-Decoration
Khan Qurdbak, southern part of the khan - iwan of the Mamluk palace
Hama, General view of al-Madiq castle from the southern side
Raqqa, The decorated outer facade of Baghdad Gate
Shard of colored pottery, ar-Raqqa Museum
A model of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Modell, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. Zu sehen der Tempel in seinem Hof und die Peribolos-Mauer mit den Propyläen. Der Tempel wurde um 30 n. Chr. geweiht, die Propyläen im 12. Jh. in eine arabische Bastion umgewandelt (Bauinschrift s. Bild 0599 !). Im linken Teil sieht man den Eingang zum Tunnel der Rampe unter den Peribolos (s. Bild 0606 !): hier wurden die Opfertiere in einer Prozession zum Altar im Hof geführt. Zu erkennen ist auch, dass der Tempel quer orientiert ist - interessanterweise wie die islamische Moschee ! ]
Fresco on the western wall of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Jüngstes Gericht an der Westwand, Details. Drei Register der linken Seite, in der Mitte vier Mal "Abrahams Schoß". Interessant ist die Figur unten rechts, die etwas "von oben" empfängt: ihre Harartracht erinnert sehr an die von Bild 0483 ! Dort vermutete ich eine Dornenkrone, das trifft hier aber gewiss nicht zu ! ]
Damaged buildings in Qunaytra
View from the portico towards the entrance of dome hall, al-ʿAzm Palace
Courtyard of family wing (so called haramlik or jummwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
1 pound, 27 mm, 1968 – restrike 1971
Aerial photograph of Barada valley in Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti Lebanon mountains)
Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)
The unique wooden minbar, or pulpit, belongs to the Mamluk era as indicated by the inscribed name of the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, son of Qalawun (d. 741 AH / 1341 AD). The carpenter’s name is Muhammad ibn ʿAli al-Mawsili.
Hadrian’s Arch, 3rd c. AD
The triumphal arc was constructed in honour of the Roman emperor Hadrian and linked the colonnaded street to the Temple of Baal. In 2015 it was blown up by ISIS.
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Roman grave behind the monastery of Notre Dame de Saydnaya
[ Description by author: aus byzantinischer Zeit im Felssockel der Klosteranlage. Die Figuren erinnern an die der sog. "Hochzeit von Kana" in Qânâ / Libanon. ]
A modern residential neighborhood in Aleppo
A view of a modern neighborhood in the city of Aleppo on a cold winter day.
View of the roofs of houses in the old city of Aleppo
One of the poor neighborhoods in the old city of Aleppo, showing modest, informal rooftops filled with satellite receivers.
Bayt Dallal, geometrical floor design in front of the iwan
Raqqa/Rafiqa, Wall decoration in the Iwan of Qasr al-Banat
[Original: Detail vom Palast Iwan/ nach Sarre-Herzfeld]
Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla
Khan al-Jumruk, main door
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the iwan facade and the courtyard
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin
Ithriya Temple - Some archaeological finds
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Courtyard from the northeast, portico - Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Portikus der Nordostecke, Standort zwischen den Säulen und dem Mauereck, Blick nach Südwesten. Nord- und Ostportikus haben die selbe Höhe. Zwischen den Säulen erkennt man links / Mitte den Tempel, rechts die Propyläen. ]
Courtyard looking north, Qalʿat Samʿan (Monastery of St Simeon Stylites)
[Original: Oktogon von Süden]
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer hall
Church of Saint Simeon Stylites is composed of four churches forming a cross
An old man from Al-Bab demonstrates how felt carpets were traditionally manufactured by using one´s own foot
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Pottery from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus
Khan Qurdbak, portico, facade of the northern portal and east-west cross-section
Size of plan 34 x 32. with ruler (no scale).
Suq Aslan Dada, view of the Mamluk coat of arms (rank) at the north entrance after completion of the rebuilding work
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Entrance door of the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Palace D, ar-Raqqa; Relief Decorated Stone; now in National Museum Damascus
View of Masyaf Castle
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, portal gate
Raqqa - excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
Raqqa VII; Eastern East Palace
Raqqa, Aerial photo of Hiraqla vicotry monument
Popular restaurants on both banks of the Barada River
at-Takiyya ar-Rifaʿiyya (az-Zawiyaal-Ikhlasiyya ), inscription above the main entrance
Inscription_Separaiting Sheet. 82/II
al-Lajat region, Basalt stone into agricultural area
Sculpture on sacrophagus
[ Description by author: Bei Bild 0873 - 0877 handelt es sich um den selben Sarkophag, vielleicht gehört auch Bild 0872 dazu.- Diese Sarkophage bestehen aus zwei Teilen: dem Kasten, der in der Form einer Kline mit Polster gearbeitet ist, und dem Deckel, der den liegenden Toten darstellt. Bei der Kline sind bis in feinste Details Holzschnitzereien nachgeahmt, bei dem Polster und insbesondere bei den Gewändern die feinsten bestickten Stoffe. Unter der Kline sind Szenen dargestellt, hier wohl Diener, die für ein (Toten)Mahl oder (Toten)Opfer rüsten. Auch die Szene von Bild 0872 "spielt" unter einer Kline: aus dem Alltag des Toten, wohl eines Handelherrn. ]
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami: Preparation of a wooden dome
Marble cenotaph next to the tomb of Salah ad-Din, was presented by German Emperor Wilhelm II during his visit to Damascus in 1898
[ Description by author: Der Kenotaph Salâhu d-Dîns. Das Grabmal war völlig vernachlässigt, bis es Wilhelm II auf seiner Orientreise 1898 restaurieren ließ und diesen Steinsarkophag stiftete. Davon berichtet die Inschrift oben links, vgl. Bild 0230 ! Zu dem weitgehend verdeckten älteren Holzsarkophag s. Bild 0229 ! (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
Raqqa, Map draft of ar- Rafiqa and its walls
Overlay drawing with remaining street structure and modern city areas. 84-87% > approx. scale 1:10.000
Remains of the façade, South Temple in ʿAtil
View of western facade of the Cathedral, today Tartus Museum
[Original: Kathedrale Nôtre-Dame, 1123 beg., von Saladin 1188 weitgehend zerstört, Ende 12. Jahrhundert Neubau, Westfassade]
Yabrud, Residential house with covered terrace (riwaq)
Corner pilaster topped by Corinthian capital, Ithriya Temple
und sein Kapitell, vermutlich an der ~ Nordwest-Ecke (?). [Original:'Ithriya (Seriana),']
Inner courtyard, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
[ 87/ 58/ 1754] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), general view from the outside
Orchards in the city of Harim
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Maʿlula, St.Tekla Convent during the Holy Cross feast on september 14th
Bayt Dallal, iwan ceiling and canopy
Raqqa - Glass discovered at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Raqqa VI East; Northern Complex; glass bowl, SW-Neg.87/801-802
Bayt Dallal, ʿajami ceiling of a qaʿa (hall)
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance
Az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum in al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
[ Description by author: mit dem Grab des mamlukischen Sultans Baibars, gestorben 1277. Er war ein bedeutender Feldherr und hat den Kreuzrittern den Kraq des Chevaliers (Qal'at al-Husn) entrissen und die Mongolen 1260 besiegt. Rechts die ~ Nordwand mit dem Eingang, links die Westwand. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
Bridge over the Euphrates at Raqqa
Habuba Kabira, upper part of a cantilever dome construction
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
in der Westmauer, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten.
View from the palm groves to the south-eastern corner of Bel Temple
Khan Dannun - Courtyard
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view of the northern facade
Burj as-Saʿa, mechanical clock
A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade
Aghabani table cloths with gold and silver threads
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, osman. (heute Mosaiken-Museum)]
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, northern facade (library)
The inner harbor, Jabla
at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, polygonal tower.
Minaret of the Great Mosque of Hama
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; National Museum Damascus, from ar-Raqqa
Preparation of mud for construction in one of Raqqa villages
Sacrophagi decorated with sculptures of the dead
Damascus, An old wooden door
Narrow hidden alley in the city of Halle, Germany
Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the northern iwan
Small iwan in the north of the courtyard. Size of plan 50 x 20, with ruler (no scale).
One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)
Tall Brak, general view of the main mound
shap_import_44764
Bayt Dallal, courtyard view from the iwan
Maronite Cathedral, the sanctuary
View of plastics and metal waste, at-Tabqa
A Bedouin family in one of the villages of the Euphrates Valley
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi
General view of the hillside houses of Maʿlula town
[Original: Maalulla, Ländliche Siedlung]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of central dome
View from the minaret to the lead-covered dome, which was placed on a short cylindrical wall (tambour). The eight short buttresses at the corners of the roof above the prayer room, which are supposed to compensate for the transverse forces of the dome, are clearly visible.
25 piastres (Commemorative coins: 25th anniversary of al-Baath Party), 20,3 mm, 1972
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
Wakil house, dome of the reception hall from the inside
The room drew light through a series of windows surrounding the dome's neck, as well as from the colored openings in the dome, which are shaped like circles and stars.
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, capital
Habuba Kabira, back side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - marble decoration
Khan Qurdbak, detail of a window in the iwan
One of the towers of Damascus Citadel
View of a tower of the eastern façade of Damascus Citadel. The tower looks rectangular, topped by a set of machicolations.
Tall Bdiri near the Khabur: pilasters are stabilizing the walls of the houses
A horse-drown carriage carrying children and adults in ar-Raqqa
Arwad, Ayyubid fort
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
Two Kurdish women. The woman on the right is wearing a traditional woven overgarment
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
Natural landscape of the Tigris valley
A view of the Mediterranean coast, in the back is the industrial sector, Baniyas
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the east of prayer hall
Bayt Wakil, iwan - decoration above a room's door
Loopholes in the fortifications of Halabiyya
Zayzun tributary to Yarmuk river: Women washing wool as preparation for matresses as dowry
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - entrance and Qastal
Other names are Mosque of Shields or Mosque of Bab-Antakya,
Qasr (palace) al-Hayr al-Gharbi, view of the ruins
al-Husn Church, remains of basilica's wall, which constitue the boundary of an agricultural field
shap_import_64479
Busra - Hammam Manjak - the fountain of the cold section (barrani)
Euphrates dam and Assad Lake in at-Tabqa
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, courtyard and arched arcade
shap_import_66073
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the dome from outside
shap_import_66021
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's southern facade
shap_import_63415
Bimaristan Arghun, general view of the southern courtyard - fountain and iwan
A favissa or ritual pits east of Ishtar temple, Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
shap_import_48474
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the upper part of the minaret
Hanging dyed silk to dry after washing it in cold water
Mari (Tall al-Hariri), the palace's cistern made of baked brick (beginning of 2nd millennium BC)
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., decorative door of reliquary room in southern facade (east)
The relics of Symeon were located in the southern apse side room. This martyrion can be recognized from the outside by the third door in the south wall and by a tiny window next to the door through which the pilgrims could be supplied with holy oil. A direct door into the sanctuary suggests that the Symeon relic was also used during the service. The windows are bordered by a particularly elaborately designed cornice band. The façade also has oblique grooves and square depressions, probably from the base of a sloping roof and its purlins.
A street scene in one of the suqs of Dayr az-Zawr
Street side of the homestead: a terrace in front of a house of Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region
Maronite Cathedral, the altar
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/977] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Hypogeum of the Three Brothers from the inside - mural paintings
Nekropole - Grab der drei Brüder - 160 nChr {Foto}
Tall Tamir, Mews of a huge farmstead
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer niche
Salah ad-Din statue at the western facade of Damascus citadel
As-Safira, an old thresher for shearing straw (darrasa)
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
al-Hayr al-Sharqi Palace, Inside of the early Umayyad desert castle with remains of vaulted rooms of the Western comlplex
Aleppo Great Mosque, Courtyard, 2018
Sorting stones especially the minaret rubble
Bimaristan an-Nuri, water reservoir made of basalt
Installation of dyed warp threads for weaving in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Umayyad mosque - Qaytbay minaret, rich in decorations
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
On the western shore of Jabbul-Salt Lake, dome houses with ventilation openings of the living room
Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat
Khan Qurdbak, entrance - stone bench
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, domes of the prayer niche from the outside
Part of golden and colored mosaic, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mittelgang, Südwand, Mittelteil.- Die Bilder 0179 - 0192 wurden mit einem High-Speed-Film gemacht, daher die mäßige Qualität ! ]
Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace
Remains of the western basilica, Burj Haydar
[Original: Westliche Basilika, Säulenarkaden mit dorischen Kapitellen, 4. Jh.]
Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra - southern arcade
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets
In the tent of a Bedouin family with the living area in the foreground and behind the partition the storage area of all goods
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace, stucco decorations
Floral frieze decoration, Raqqa II; Eastern East-Palace
Jurn Kabir, construction of a room from quarry stones with clay mortar
Livestock in a byzantine building, Qarqbiza
A little boy from a resettlement village is drawing water from a tap embedded in the ground
The village was resettled in the 70s to Northeast Syria due to the construction of the Al-Furat dam of the Euphrates. Typically, these houses were covered with a corrugated iron roof and had their water source in the court instead of inside the house.
General view of the Umayyad Mosque shows the dome and the three minarets of the mosque
[ Description by author: Blick vom Hotel Burj al-Farâdîs nach ~ Osten auf die Umayaden-Moschee. Links (~ Nordseite) das Brautminarett, vorn rechts das Minarett von Qait Bay, hinter der Kuppel das Jesus-Minarett. ]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, column details in the double arcade
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Painting on the large wall cupboard door (samandāra) of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum of Ethnology
The enjoyment of sulfur water in Afqa Spring
[Original: Efqa-Quelle in Palmyra, 2002 od. früher versiegt]
Habuba Kabira, Construction of the relieving arch, on which 2 cantilever domes are to rest
The way to the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: zum Fels-"Balkon". ]
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, an inscription above the entrance gate
View of the Tetrapylon at the sunset
[ Description by author: Abendstimmung. Gesehen von ~ Nordosten - der GPS-Tag ist approximativ ! ]
Mushannaf, Small Roman Temple
Euphrates valley south of Qalʿat Najm as it looked before the flooding of lake Tishrin
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, star-shaped fountain in centre of the courtyard
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, general view from northeast
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, view of the courtyard and the western arcade
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
The sanctuary (cella) of Bel Temple
[Original: Baal-Heiligtum, Cella, ca. 17 - 32 n.Chr.]
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
View of courtyard and courtyard facade [Original: Privathaus, Innenhof] Pl. Nr. Aufnahme Enderlein, Foto-Verz. Nr. 11030 A 18
Shops in Suq al-Hamidiyya, Old Damascus
The historical sulfur Afqa Spring
[ Description by author: Wieder die Quelle, aber diesmal von ~ Nordosten. Links und hinten rechts sind zwei Altäre zu erkennen. Wenn das Gestufte hinter der Säule die alte Zugangstreppe zur Quelle ist, war sie verdammt steil ....... ]
Remains of the entrance of al-Walid palace, Qasr Says in Jabal Says
Agriculture at the foot of Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains)
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - Pottery
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, SW-Neg.89/658-699
A Waterspout of the ablution fountain in the courtyard of al-Adilliyya Mosque
Habuba Kabira, Milking a goat in the courtyard: Grandmother and granddaughters
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: in der rechten Bildhälfte. Ich habe den GPS-Tag nach der Angabe auf der Karteilkarte "vom Südwest-Hügel" (damit könnte der Hang des Jabal al-Mantâr gemeint sein) gesetzt. Eine andere Möglichkeit wäre: aus der Gegend des Turms des Jambliqu, denn auch dieser Hügel (und ist eher ein "Hügel" !) liegt südwestlich in Bezug auf die Stadt. Die Blickrichtung jedenfalls muss nach Nordwesten oder Westen sein. ]
A part of architectural remains in Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Aleppo: multi-colored facade of Mamluk-Ottoman Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri
A view of the exterior façade of Yalbugha bath decorated with alternating black and yellow rows. The entrance is high with beautiful ranks on top and many windows on the sides. The large, high dome contains windows for the light to enter inside.
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - fountain
Tent made of jute sacks of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region
Mausoleum az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, column details in the double arcade
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
Das alte Qatnâ war in der ersten Hälfte des 2. Jts v. Chr. eine Stadt von einiger Bedeutung und geriet dann in das Spannungsfeld zwischen Ägyptern und Hethitern. Von den letzteren wurde es um 1340 zerstört. . [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
General view of ancient house and grave building, al-Bara
Aghabani table cloth with gold and silver threads
As-Safira area in Aleppo province - clay dome houses
Habuba Kabira, building a cantilever dome house - in the foreground clay bricks, which are to be used soon
Al-Mudiq Castle sits on a large hill
Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Suq az-Zarb, view towards east of the suq after the destruction
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
General view of Palmyra city, Diocletian's Camp in foreground
View from Jabal Husainiyya, Diocletian's camp in foreground
Bayt Wakil, facade of the reception hall (qaʿa)
Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
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Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Gate Tower
Bayt Wakil, top view of the ʿataba of the reception hall (qaʿa)
Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Side of the Excavation
The Great Colonnade towards the Monumental Arch
View to the south east
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view from the courtyard to entrance and minaret
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance
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Suq Aslan Dada, general view of the reconstruciton of the suq and the eastern facade of Khan as-Sabun
Tall Bdiri, House consisting of a large living room with a small attached kitchen
Kafra, in the courtyard behind a huge central hall house
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall
Traditional houses in Halbun
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Throne Hall
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Warp threads of silk in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama
This set of norias is called aj-Jisriyya, and is considered the largest and one of the most famous and beautiful norias of Hama city.
Making of burghul in Yabrud during the sixties
A man stirs with a shovel in a large vat during the production of the Burghul (Bulgur). In this process, the wheat grits of durum wheat or common wheat pass through the stages of paraboiling (hydrothermal pre-treatment), subsequent drying, mechanical removal of the exposed bran, cutting of the grain with a grit cutter and subsequent sieving into various grain sizes. Here we see a rural scene of traditional production by precooking the wheat in a large copper vat.
Bimaristan Arghun, view of side portico of main courtyard
View of the Euphrates River, Raqqa
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Chinese cloud motifs on the top side of the panel, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Maps of Aleppo: functional zoning in the ancient city, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Functional zoning. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend: - Retail I (higher level, western style), - Retail II (more simple/ traditional), - Retail III (basic level), - Retail IV (for rural customers), - Quarter suq I (rich assortment), - Quarter suq II (simple & handycrafts), - Wholesale I (offices & delivery/higher standard), - Wholesale II (warehouse/ lower standard), - Wholesale III (warehouse for purchase/ agricultural materials), - Warehouse (basic for retail, wholesale and crafts), - Basic usage I (storage, garbage, cattle), - Basic usage II (housing in non-housing buildings), - Crafts I (modern western), - Crafts II (traditional+technolgy), - Crafts III (traditional, basic), - Religious building, - Hammam, Schooll, - Traditional Coffeehouse, - Public authority-health-military use. [Original in German: Aleppo: Funktionale Gliederung | Karte 3] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, the entrance from the inside
Raqqa, the inner façade of Baghdad Gate (Bab Baghdad)
Raq19830039.tif
Drawing of Maria and Jesus on the decorated wooden panels of the Aleppo Room, Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (1601-1603)
A gathering of people around a rolled out woven Kilim tapestry
The rug consists of strips, that are sewed together
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Monolith ceiling of the south Thalamos in the cella, Temple of Bel
The Mount Hermon covered by snow
[Original:'Hermon-Gipfel, mit Schnee bedeckt, rechts im Hintergrund der Antilibanon']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Mosque, interior view with mihrab and minbar.
Capital and remains of the Byzantine cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Es soll bei der Kathedrale fünf Kapitell-Typen geben, hier einer davon, auf Bild 0086 ein anderer. Ich vermute, dass das Kapitell nicht wiederverwendet römisch, sondern original byzantinisch ist. Ist der Stein im Hintergrund Teil einer Türschwelle (Tür zum Betrachter hin öffnend) ? ]
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), Painted wooden panel, Mary and Jesus
One of the most famous Christian themes in the hall of Wakil house is a painting of the Virgin Mary carrying her child, surrounded by plant and blossom drawings.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, view of the prayer niche
Courtyard of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir showing the treasure dome and the minaret
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of the western facade and the entrance
Fortification tower north of the Bab Antakiya, view during the removal of historical annexes
Details of lintel decorations, Theater of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Rückseite des Tores von Bild 0721, Detail der rechten Seite. Man erkennt links eine Büste ohne Kopf, daneben ein sitzendes Huftier oder vielleicht einen Faun. Dieses/r entspricht genau der Figur ganz links auf der linken Spolie in der arabischen Bastion Bild 0598 ! Vgl. auch Bild 0754 ! ]
At-Tabqa , Minaret of the Mosque at Jaʿbar Castle.
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, muqarnas decoration on the prayer niche
Khan al-Wazir, view of the arcade in the first floor
Tall al-Biʿa, view from afar
[Original: Blick auf Tall al-Biʿa]
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Mosque, decoration
Staircase and old wooden door in a traditional House in Maʿlula
Kharijat ad-Drisiyat, guest house
A view of traditional houses in Jabʿadin village
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
Forecourt before Renewal, view to south
Busra - Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (Arabic)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
Remains of Qasr Says or the palace of al-Walid in Jabal Says
Ar-Rusafa, Decoration details on the inner facade of the North Gate
ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior
[Original: 7-Syr98/17-14]
City center of Raqqa with a barber, small suq-shops and mobile traders of vegetables and fruits
Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri, general view from the Citadel
Irrigation fields of ʿAyn at-Tina in Qalamun (mountainous region in southwest Syria)
The village itself lies in the middle ground above the level of the irrigated field terraces: In the background, the Eocene limestone layer of the Jebel Maaloula with up to 1913 m above sea level.
Palmyra, Colonnaded axis and Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan in the back
Great Mosque, top of the minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the eastern side facing Hammam Manjak
Great Mosque, Minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
A photo of archaeological remains belonging to the castle of Shayzar
Remains of wall foundations, Kharab Sayyar
[Original: SW-Burg]
The wheel hub of a water scoop wheel (arab. noria)
Exterior view of ad-Daydariyya cave
shap_import_44213
The sanctuary (cella) of Bel Temple
[Original: Baal-Heiligtum, Cella, ca. 17 - 32 n.Chr.]
Palmyra, View of the remains of Diocletian's Camp
[ Description by author: Blick vom Hang des Jabal al-Husainiya oberhalb des Fahnenheiligtums nach ~ Südosten. Ganz unten das Fahnenheiligtum, davor der Platz des Präteriums, davor ein Vestibül mit vier (nur eine steht) monolithischen Säulen, dann nach hinten die Via Praetoria, die hinter den Säulen in der Mitte von der Via Principalis geschnitten wird. Daran, links davon, der Allât-Tempel. Außerdem erkennt man ganz hinten gleich rechts der Mitte den Tetrapylon, weiter rechts den Bel-Tempel. ]
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - minaret, northern-eastern corner
Hills around Palmyra (parts of Palmyra Chains)
[Original: Blick von der Burg auf die Wüstenlandschaft]
Traditional dress for men in the villages of at-Tabqa
Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus
[ Description by author: des Períbolos des ehemaligen Tempels des Jupiter Damascenus, gesehen von ~ Osten (= Innenseite). Am Tympanon ist rechts zu erkennen, dass es sich um einen "Syrischen Bogen" handelte. Vgl. Bild 0151 und 0152 ! ]
Habuba Kabira, preparation of the clay mass for the production of clay bricks
Making pickles
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - inscription on basalt stone
General view of Krak des Chevaliers in an-Nasara valley area
A shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya, Old City of Damascus
Harvest of cotton in ar-Ruj plain
Khan Ujkhan، main entrance
Museum of Arwad - Arwad citadel
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: ~ Nordwestliche Seite mit einem Altar und Zugängen zu den unterirdischen Bankettsälen. Gesehen von ~ Osten. ]
A partially demolished historic building in the historic Midan district
Main facade of Jamiʿ at-Tawashi mosque (stitched panorama)
Photograph of mosque's main, southeastern, facade during ongoing works of refurbishment and partly recovery work. Several pictures have been put together to a panorama.
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Baking flat breads on the tannur wall (tannur deepened in the ground)
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
View from east to the west-north
The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
The lion was embedded in the outer wall of the Al-Lat temple. As a protector of an antelope it is a symbol of peacefullness. The stone statue was severely damaged by ISIS.
Citadel of Aleppo, the Great Mosque - inscription
Tall Dahab, Bedding pile in the family's living and storage room
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - plan
A self-manufactured fulling machine for the production of felt carpets
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
Halabiyya; remains of Basilica and Eastern wall,
[Original: Blick vom Praetorium auf Basilika, Euphrat und Reste der Ostmauer]
Damage of the outside westrn facade and the minaret. Here in general the west facade of space 02 and the minaret 03 are seen..
Bas-relief with geometric and floral motifs
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, general view of the madrasa from the Great Mosque minaret
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
View to the east, courtyard of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs
The courtyard of the mosque: to the left is the riwaq (arcade hall), opened to the north, and to the right the northern facade of the courtyard.
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the hot section (juwwani)
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, northern facade - al-Hijaziyya facade
View from the top towards the oasis and the ruins of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Ganz vorn unten ein Stück der Stadtmauer. Hinten das Areal des Bel-Tempels, vgl. Bild 0811 ! Ganz rechts, hinter der Mauer, ein Teil des Hotels Sham Palace. Blick nach ~ Osten. ]
Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen
An artificial canal in Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)
at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Remains of Resheph Temple, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
So nach dem unteren Bild der Schautafel. Hier nach ~ Südosten / Süd-Süd-Ost gesehen. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Bimaristan Arghun, muqarnas vault behind entrance portal
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, zig-zag pattern
East part of suq al-Nuri (?)
Tomb tower of Elahbel, the Valley of Tombs
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Function of shafts or heddles
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
A truck transporting raw cotton bags stops at some bedouin tents in Raqqa-countryside
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Gate Tower
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), section of southern iwan, courtyard and two chambers
size of plan 22 x 15 . scale 1:100 .
A decorated inscription in Masayaf Castle
A view of Qalʿat Shayzar along the Orontes river
View at Qalʿat Shayzar
A capital decorated with wavy acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites
[Original: k.K6/=HQ k.K25]
Bayt Wakil, the iwan's canopy
Damascus, Muqarnas above the gate of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Column capital on the terrace of the northern riwaq.
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan
[ G 88/ 19/ 240] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].(ref. http://www.esyria.sy/eraqqa/index.php?p=stories&category=todayimg&filename=201003152100042)
Fragments of stucco, Kharab Sayyar
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Madrasat al-Firdaws, courtyard and western arcade
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Quranic calligraphy
Interior view of the Hypogeum of Artaban in the south-eastern cemetery area
[ Description by author: Die Exedra mit dem Grabinhaber auf seiner Totenkline, umgeben von seiner Familie. Außerdem sind in diesem Grab einige der Platten mit den Reliefbüsten der Verstorbenen erhalten, die die Loculi nach vorn abschlossen. ]
Warp threads in a mill of the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Khan Qurdbak, courtyard - southern and eastern porticos
Colored mosaic in the western arcade of the Umayyad Mosque
Busra, Birkat (pond) al-Hajj and Abu al-FidaʾMosque
During the rainy saison the pool is filled until today with water.
A photo of the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Bl.aus dem Liwan ü.d. Bahra
A side of excavated building in Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
shap_import_48438
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, entrance of the tomb
Khan al-Hallabat, General view from southeast
[ Description by author: des Forts, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Es liegt an der späteren Strata Diocletiana zum Schutz der Verbindung Palmyra - Damaskus. ]
Signboard of Afqa bath in Palmyra
[Original: Straßenschild, Schwefelquelle]
Badiyat ash-Sham, a small road
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Mamluk rank
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
Exterior view of the dome of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi Mausoleum, Damascus
[Ooriginal: Damaskus. Hinter d. Omajadenmoschee]
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from the outside
Khan al-Wazir, northern facade and the internal facade of the khan's entrance
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
The door of the qaʿa (guest room), Dada House
Tür v. Liwan zur Qa'a
View from boat to Jabal ʿAruda-massif
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of one of the towers, flanking the gate
[Original: Turm links]
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance and the northern wall after widening the street
Qasr Ibn Wardan, the church
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Turbat az-Zahir Baybars, mosaic details covering the southern wall of the mausoleum
[ Description by author: Rechter Teil der ~ Westwand. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
al-Bara, Dayr (monastery) Subat, 6th c.- General view
Restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Outlining and shadowing of motifs of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Abdelraouf Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
Damascus, Sinâniya-mosque, fassade, built 1518
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1590. Eingangs-"Iwan", Minarett und Kuppel. ]
The façade of al-Hayr al-Gharbi Palace, National Museum of Damascus
Grazing sheep on the edge of al-Ghab Plain
[Original: KLeintierherde am Rand d. Ghab]
General view of Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Imam Ismaʿil
The southern-western tower of Damascus Citadel
View to the excavation in Tall Shaykh Hamad in 1984
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here secondary spaces 09-13 are seen.
Busra, Hammam Manjak, frigidarium or cold room (barrani)
Part of Qalʿat al-Qadmus
Bridge over the Euphrates, ar-Raqqa
[Original: Euphratbrücke]
General view of Qarqbiza remains
Bimaristan Arghun, inscription
ceiling of Bayt Ḫazīna-Kātibī / Niẓām with ‘Ajami decoration
detail of the šīša-ceiling with panels (ṭabaq) painted alternately on green and red ground
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, view of the western facade and dome of the mausoleum
On september 14th at the Holy Cross Feast in Maʿlula, with the standard of the Holy Cross Youth
Excavation at Tall al-Biʿa, Ancient city of Tuttul
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of faience tiles
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Dekor in der Wand oberhalb der Tür von Bild 1303.].
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
Ground plan drawing. Scale ruler
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Baking flat breads on the tannur wall (tannur deepened in the ground)
Paintings in Hananiya church in Bab Tuma quarter
Paintings on the walls of a room in the church, that tell the story of Paul's missionary journeys between 46 and 62 AD.
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
1985/49/743 = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.] Frieze P ["s.a. Farbdias"]
The dome of the treasury, decorated with mosaics in the courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque
General view of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Raqqa, Tall Aswad, stucco
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
85-AS-loc. 03. [ 87/ 65/ 1938] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos ['87/65']
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas details
The northwest corner of the portico, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Die Nordwest-Ecke des Portikus. gesehen von ~ Südosten / Süden. ]
Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves
Capitals of the Simeon monastery are often decorated with waving acanthus leaves as a northern Syrian peculiarity.
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
Raqqa IV; Eastern West-Palace, s.SW-Neg.85/412
Bayt Dallal, general view of the courtyard
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Upper part of the gate tower,
A woman in a rural area with traditional clothes
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
A view from the courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
shap_import_74303
Columns with Corinthian capitals in one of Sirjilla's buildings
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the entrance from the interior
Main entrance of Ibn Wardan Palace
mit reicher Verzierung und Inschrift, gesehen von ~ Süden. Noch steckt es etwa zur Hälfte im Sand .......
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
shap_import_62333
The facade of the church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen)]
Tall al-Bi'a, Excavation at Dayr Zakka (monastery)
Raq19900043.tif
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, damage mapping (Arabic)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
A shell of a new house with flattened domes in a village south of Tall Abyad
Garbage and dirt accumulation in a canal, the Ghouta of Damascus
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, lower part of the minaret
The minaret has a square base, octagonal drum, and cylindrical shaft ornamented with zig-zag friezes and blind arches. It dates to late 14th cent. AD (8th H) and was not constructed as part of the original mosque. The minaret was reconstruncted in 1946. (see also: archnet.org) The minaret had suffered severe damage during the conflict in Aleppo (2012-2016) and eventually collapsed.
Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall is covered with golden and colored mosaic
Originally, the entire courtyard façade was covered with mosaics. They show fantastic landscapes, which are interpreted as a representation of paradise.
A capital decorated with acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon
[Original: -k.K6/=HQ k.K24]
The Theater of Palmyra, upper part of the gateway
[ Description by author: Rückseite des Tores Bild 0721. Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-West. ]
Remains of the pendentifs carrying the dome of the church at Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen)]
At that time the Bedouin tent was in the village ad-Duwaym in Nahyat al-Yarabiyya
The family belongs to the famous old Tayy-tribe.
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Workshop of Abdelraouf and Ziad Baydoun in Malaysia
At the peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
Part of the propylaea, Jupiter Temple
[ Description by author: am Tympanon des Westportals des Períbolos. Vgl. Bild 0150 und 0151 ! ]
General view of al-Qarmani Bath and garden
An overview of al-Qarmani bath that dates back to the Mamluk period. In addition to the main big dome, the building contains many domes and vaults, interspersed with glass-covered openings that allow light to enter the inner sections of the bath. This bath was recently restored after being neglected for a very long time.
Mausoleum Ahmad Basha, general view of the facade
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1316. Zwei Kuppeln auf achteckigem Tambour, Eingangs-"Iwân". Die Nische rechts neben dem "Iwân" ist möglicherweise ein Brunnen. Gesehen wohl von ~ Nordwesten. ]
ar-Rusafa, remains of the arches of the so called building with two apses
[Original: k.K6/=HQ k.K6]
A side of the courtyard arches, an-Nuri Mosque
Antike Säule im Innenhof. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
View from afar, Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)
General View of al-Bahramiyya Mosque
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), a scene of a peacock from Wakil house’s wooden panels
Birds occupy the bulk of the woodwork of Wakil house, headed by peacocks with their feathers under the branches of blooming trees.
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
A coffee house and waiting service taxi in the center of the small frontier town
Gold Dinar of the Kingdom of Syria, 21 mm, 1920
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, southern portico
Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway
[Original: Zitadelle, v.a. vom Ayyubiden-Sultan Zahir Ghazi (reg. 1193 - 1215) umgestaltet. Haupttor mit achtbogiger Brücke]
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan
The dome hall in the upper floor of Qasr al-ʿAzm (Palace)
Maize field adjacent to the houses of Mishrifa village on top of the city wall of Qatna
Exterior view from the south of the North Gate in ar-Rusafa.
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
Khan as-Sabun, inner northern facade after widening the street
Artificial field irrigation and drinking water supplies, al-Ghab Plain
View of the Khabur River with willow-trees in the 1960s
Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman), Mosaic
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, Bodenmosaik (4. - 7. Jh., aus den Toten Städten)]
Traditional houses in a village, near the Sajur river
Front view of a Hummus shop
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
Habuba Kabira, View from the inside of the room while constructing the dome
Palmyra / Tadmur, Museum, lion of goddess Al-Lat
[Original: Museum: Löwe als Beschützer einer Gazelle aus dem Heiligtum der Allat, ca. 50 v. Chr.]
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western entrance
The gate is inside a decorated niche.
Khan as-Sabun, mamluk ranks decorating the northern facade's gate
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Masbanat (soap factory) az-Zanabili, Aerial views of the courtyard and the domed first
Traditional patchwork wall hangings, in which small things might be stored
Decoration detail on the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)
View towards Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Citadel)
An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel
[ Description by author: auf der Ostseite des Nordost-Turms (vgl. Bild 0143 !). Mit der Inschrift habe ich Probleme: nach dem Rahmen scheint sie mir aus späterer türkischer Zeit, ca. 19.Jh., zu stammen - aber der Text scheint mir Arabisch und nicht Osmanli zu sein. Auf jeden Fall steht sie unter einem älteren - mamlukischen ? - Relief(band). Zu erkennen sind zwei - gegenständige ? - Löwen, unter dem rechten ein junger Löwe. Darunter eine Art Muqarnas. ]
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, an original Mamluk column with its capital
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche
Altar of Nabu Temple from the northeast corner, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Gebälk-Dekor von der ~ Nordost-Ecke. ]
A side of al-Mudiq castle in Hama shows some of its towers
View of the Orontes River with rapids
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower with its machicolations and parapets
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, muqarnas decorationg a niche on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
Tall Aswad; relief decorated pottery
Nahiyat at-Tabqa, Euphrates Dam
al-Burayj, General view of the Monastery of Saint Daniel, 6th c. AD
[Description/Comment by the author:] Gesehen von ~ Südosten. Links Reste eines Turmes, der von manchen für der einer Kirche (die Steine links davon) gehalten wird. Das Gebäude rechts daneben enthält u.a. eine Kapelle, zum Türsturz vgl.Bild 2685 ! Dahinter die Pfeiler der dreistöckigen Galerie der Pilgerherberge. Das rechte Gebäude besteht aus zwei Teilen: links ein Turm, vermutlich der eines Einsiedlers, um den sich das Kloster entwickelte (der "Erker" wäre dann die Toilette), rechts ein angefügtes Gebäude, in dem sich Arcosol-Gräber befinden. Die Anlage stammt aus dem späten 6. Jh.. Vgl. Bild 2706 !
Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - aerial photo of the West Palace
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, general view of the vaults and pendentive
Cross vaults carrying domes, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
The tower of Qalʿat Yahmur (Yahmur Castle)
Tall Brak, one of the earliest and largest cities in northern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC [Original photo name:eye temple4]
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Baalshamin Temple, general view from southeast, Qalat Ibn Maan in background
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, a side of the church
[Original: Dreischiffige Säulenbasilika, 2. H. 5. Jh., 18,5 x 13,8 m]
Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman, domed structure (mashhad) and minaret of the Great Mosque
Manmade caves in the Euphrates valley near embouchure of Sajur-river close to al-Awshariyya
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Sculpture of a camel and two persons with Parthian costume
[ Description by author: aus Palmyra in parthischer (Hosen !) Tracht. ]
Qal‘at Shayzar (citadel), Archery road.
Part of fortifications in Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
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A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Tomb of Jambliku in the Valley of the Tombs, 83 AD
[ Description by author: Fassade, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. Das Grab stammt aus dem Jahre 83 n. Chr. ]
Great Mosque of Aleppo, northern arcade, former gate of the madrasa Dar al-Quran al-ʿAshaʾiriyya
Temporary title for Image 91128
Hammam an-Nahhasin, the warm section (wastani)
The middle part (wastani) in the public baths is a section of moderate temperatures, and consists, in an-Nahhasin bath, of chambers, iwans and niches. In this niche there are three stone basins for washing. The walls are covered with modern ceramics that change many of the features of the Ayyubid bath. The floor is paved with colored marble tiles in the middle that form simple geometric decorations.
Reverse side of the ceiling of Bayt Ḫazīna-Kātibī / Niẓām with ‘Ajami decoration
View from above on the construction of the šīša-ceiling
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the main entrance
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Tartus, cathedral, interior view of the ruinous nave of the church
Interior view of the cathedral of Tortosa with shepherds in the ruinous nave. Reproduction of an engraving by W. H. Bartlett. Assumed date of origin around 1830. [Original: Christian Church at Tortosa]
Cooling bread in the street before storage
Suq az-Zarb, new beginning after the destruction. View from the entrance to the west
Archaeological excavation at Balis
Citadel of Aleppo, Gate of Two Lions - the Smiling Lion
Jabal al-ʿArab, a view of volcanic area
[Original: Vulkanit-Aufschluß sü. d. Leja, ö.d. Straße]
General view of the ruins of Palmyra
[ Description by author: vom Bel-Tempel, also von ~ Südosten, her. Rechts der Monumentalbogen, von ihm ausgehend nach hinten links der 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße bis zum Tetrapylon. Von dort zweigt eine weitere Säulenstraße nach links ab. Im Hintergrund die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni. Die hohen Säulen vorn gehören zur Exedra des 1. Abschnitts der Säulenstraße (vgl. Bild 0657 - 0660 !). ]
Mosaic in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken]
Prayer hall "sanctuary", Jamiʿ Manjak (mosque)
Sancturies graved into the rocks, Roman period, Mnin
[ Description by author: Blick auf die Anlage von (wohl) ~ Südwesten. Ganz rechts das Tor, links daneben die große Halle mit monumentaler Freitreppe zu einer Plattform davor. Links hinter ihrer Balustrade die kleine Halle mit reich dekoriertem Eingang: danach (vgl. Bild 0401 !) wird die Anlage ins 3. Jh. n. Chr. datiert. Irgendwie macht das Ganze einen "nabatäischen" Eindruck, der durch weitere Details auf den folgenden Bildern (insbesondere Bild 0401) verstärkt wird. ]
Herd of sheep in a grove of trees in the Ghouta
People of Damascus used to praise the delicious taste of sheep’s meat coming from the Ghouta. But the number of sheep has decreased due to the shrinking of the Ghouta area itself and the export of sheep to the Gulf countries.
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, general view of the minaret
Inscription on the Damascus wall
Habuba Kabira, construction of cantilever domes
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, exterior view of northern facade - entrance, minaret and garden
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard
The facade of Arwad citadel
A herd of sheep is drinking from a pool of water in al-Hawl area near Iraqian border
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima - the upper part of the minaret
Jabla, Sultan Ibrahim Mosque, Interior view of a dome
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view from the Citadel
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, prayer niche
Big stone trough, Ugarit
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Jabla, Pond in the courtyard of as-Sultan Ibrahim Mosque
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs
Neg. Nr. 83/5-36A/37
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Burj al-Ghanam, tower's southern facade with its machicolation
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Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
Al-Khusrawiyya: Explosion crater where the mosque once stood, 2016
The first Ottoman mosque in the city was designed by the famous architect Sinan. An explosion in 2014 destroyed the mosque completely, nothing but a huge crater is left.
Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya
View of the Euphrates river with very shallow banks
The window of cella, Baalshamin Temple, 2nd century AD
[ Description by author: Das Cella-Fenster von Bild 0786, gesehen von Nordosten. ]
View of the Khabur River with a small noria
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Maronite Cathedral, one of the cathedral pointed towers
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance after the war destruction
Khan Qurdbak, general view of the courtyard and the porticos
Burj Alaʾ, southern facade from the inside with the arrow slit
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Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman, domed structure (mashhad) and minaret of the Great Mosque
2 pounds, 23 mm, 1996
Fishermen in the Tartus' harbour
[Original: Fischer in Tartus]
Assyrian Corner Stairway Trough, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: "Assyrische Eck-Treppenzinne", von einem der Türme des Tempels (vgl.Bild 0629 !) . Die Struktur ist orientalisch, der Dekor römisch. ]
An aerial photograph of the city of Raqqa, showing the wall and the old mosque (original photo: Mohamad Al-Roumi)
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
A woman with a screen-printed headscarf called Habari
An Arabic inscription on the wall of Qal‘at Shayzar
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, interior view of az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Summerrestaurant in Bludan
Habuba Kabira, in the courtyard clay bricks are lying out to dry
Ruins of the wall of Qalʿat Shumaymis (castle)
Two large reservoirs in the ruins of Kharab Sayyar
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the west of prayer hall
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) behind palm trees
[ Description by author: am Knick der Säulenstraße, und ein Stück der Kolonnade Richtung Tetrapylon. Morgendlicher Fernblick von einem der beiden Hotels, also von ~ Nordosten. ['Hotel Villa Palmyra (Heliopolis ?)'] ]
Raqqa, Tall az-Zujaj, Block of a semi-vitrified material
Raqqa X; Glass-Tall
Khan Qurdbak, dome of the entrance
Bimaristan an-Nuri, inscription above the entrance
Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway
[Original: Zitadelle, Haupttor, Vortor und Brücke]
Interior view of a grave carved in the rocks, Maʿlula
[ Description by author: auf dem Kloster-Plateau: Rückwand und Teil der rechten Seitenwand. Vgl. Bild 0460 ! ]
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, ground plan drawing before the partial demolition
Reconstruction drawing of the intact palace before the partial demolition in the southern part (plot VII-3-1 2057 in today's borders), with additionally drawn in cadastral level, for its extension on different plots. Based on a partial survey of the Antiquities Administration (DGAM).
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building
General view of Qalat Salah ad-Din
Bludan houses overlooking the Zabadani plain
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
Hiraqla victory monument - Decorative stone panel
Exterior view of ʿArbin watermill in Rif Dimashq
al-Burayj, a side of Saint Daniel Monastery
A general view of the remnants of the ancient city of Palmyra towards the south eastern palm groves
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan
One of the square towers of Masyaf Castle
Tall Bdiri, A simple opening in a clay brick wall with clay plaster - probably in a stable
Old aerial photo of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya, Damascus
[Original:'Damaskus, Großes Derwisch-Kloster (Luftbild)']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Ar-Raqqa, view of a side of city wall
An artificial irrigation canal, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Al-Khusrawiyya, Friday Mosque, entrance portal
Close-up of the niche of the entrance portal with its Muqarnas decoration and a panel with its founding inscription. This element is lost today (destroyed since 2015)!
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, s.SW-Neg.89/638-643
Al-Madrasa as-Sulaymaniyya, courtyard with fountain, arch arcades and mosque
[ Description by author: Blick über den Innenhof mit dem Wasserbecken von der Moschee nach ~ Nordosten. Vgl. Bild 0128 und 0129 ! ]
Upper Barada valley in Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains)
Khan al-Jumruk, detail of exterior facade of the khan's entrance
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the prayer niche
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, one of the church apses
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, northern portico
The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the Suq to the west
A grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Temporary title for Image 44445
Aside of the Ruins
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, prayer hall (old Midan)
The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar
East of the Ghuta, rural houses in the Marj area
Inscription on the wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, general view of the madrasa from the Great Mosque minaret
View to the pole, Badiyat ash-Sham
A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus
The Ghuta consisted of a large number of groves separated from each other by walls or mud fences. There was often a small road between a grove and another, where it was accessed through a gate. The walls were built of rammed earth, an old tradition of rural architecture in the region.
Palmyra, Remains of Allat Temple- Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-Ost: rechte Seite und Rückwand. Ganz links das Temenos-Tor. ]
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden cells inside the prayer hall's iwan
A modern three storeys building in Raqqa
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, Ibshir Mustafa Pasha and bathhouse of Bahram Pasha facades
The facades of the coffeehouse of the Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (left part) and the earlier bathhouse of Bahram Pasha (right side) have an extensively decorated exterior, facing one another on the street that runs east-to-west at the south of the waqf complex, which became the most decorated public street space in Aleppo.
Palmyra / Tadmur, Tetrapylon, 3rd century AD
[Original: Tetrapylon mit Rosengranitsäulen aus Assuan (nur noch eine original)]
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view from the outside
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the prayer niche (mihrab)
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Suq Istanbul al-Jadid, view to north of the destroyed market
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font
On the Genocide Memorial Day: at a stop on the pilgrimage, Armenian priests throw wreaths into the Euphrates to commemorate the victims of the genocide of 1915-17 who died in this very river
Bludan hillside houses with galleries on the foot of Anti-Lebanon Mountains
A side of Hiraqla victory monument, built by Harun ar-Rashid, near Raqqa
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., central view at nave and apse
Stone coffins in the Southern Palace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Wie Bild 1175, diesmal nach ~ Osten gesehen. Man beachte die "Becken" (Särge ?) zwischen den Orthostaten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a wall topped with domes on pendentives
People near the historical city Wall of Raqqa
View to the village al-Awshariyya on the northern shore of the Sajur near the junction with the Euphrates river
An alley in Halbun
Qasr al-ʿAzm, terrace with portico in the upper floor
Terrasse mit Portikus vor dem Kuppelsaal. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Halabiyya, remains of fortifications and the praetorium
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall (qaʿa) from the inside
Hiraqla victory monument
Hiraqla (near ar-Raqqa), (MM: DAI 93/158)
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the northern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
The Byzantine Tower in Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
[Original: "Heir al-Garbi"]
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, ground floor plan
Ground floor with iwan [21], size of plan 70 x 45. with ruler (no scale).
Living space in the tent of semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region
The Mihrab of at-Taynabiyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Der Mihrâb oder ein Mihrâb der Moschee. Vermutlich konnte ich ihn nur sehen, weil sich die Moschee in Restauration befand. ]
View of al-Mudiq castle overlooking the plain of al-Ghab
View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets
Bab Antakiya, main gate
View to the village north of Jabal ʿAruda, graves in the foreground
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad – sherds
Raqqa IV; Tall Aswad; Pottery garden probl. near excavation house in Tall Bi'a
The inner western facade of ad-Dumayr Temple
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0390: der Durchgang und die beiden "Kammern". ]
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, general view from the minaret
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade- decoration on the top part of a window niche
A top part of a window niche framed by double muqarnas plates and carved serrated border
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad – sherds
Raqqa IV; Tall Aswad; Pottery garden probl. near excavation house in Tall Bi'a
Burj as-Saʿa, mechanical clock
Palmyra, Hadrian’s Arch, , 3rd century A.D., view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street
The triumphal arc was constructed in honour of the Roman emperor Hadrian and linked the colonnaded street to the Temple of Baal. In 2015, ISIS destroyed the arch.
Maronite Cathedral, the nave
Entrance of Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit
The entrance, leading to the external section (barrani), is one of the most beautiful entrances of Islamic baths. It was built according to the Ablaq masonry system, with stone rows alternating between white, gray and blue colors. This entrance is a retreat in the façade, topped by an ornate arch from the outside. The lower part of the dome of the barrani section is composed of many windows. This building is vanished nowdays!
Bimaristan Arghun, passageway
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Shuyukh Tahtani, a kurdish extended family after their dinner
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the entrance
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
Khan al-Jumruk, internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Panel with flower bouquet, from an unknown house near Bab Saghir, Damascus, presumably first half 18th century
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - glazed pottery
Tall Aswad; Glazed Pottery; ROM 10
In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure for calcination of gypsum (1st step), fuel is placed on a natural gypsum layer
(See also 2nd and 3rd step of calcination of gypsum)
View of the courtyard, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Blick aus der Nordost-Ecke nach Südwesten. Vorn links der Uhren-Pavillon, dahinter die Fassade des Transepts und seine Kuppel, rechts daneben das Minarett von Qait Bay. Weiter rechts im Hof der Bau mit dem Becken für die Waschungen, ganz rechts das Schatzhaus. ]
A side of al-Mudiq castle
Jurn Kabir, flatbreads are rolled out with a stick, so that they can become wafer-thin and can be baked on the tray over the fire.
Al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus
[ Description by author: [Original: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. Es bildete das östliche Ende der Geraden Straße, deren ursprüngliche Struktur hier noch gut zu erkennen ist. Alles Drumherum ist modern.- Khâlid Ibn al-Walîd betrat Damaskus bei der Eroberung 634 durch dieses Tor. Vgl. Bild 0324 !] ]
Part of archaeological remains, Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Tele + Ausschnitt. Blick von ~ Südosten. Der Standort muss nicht der angegebene sein: jeder Punkt auf dieser Linie zwischen Hauptstraße und Stadtmauer ist möglich ....... ['Zenobia Hotel (?),'] ]
Salkhad - The Ayyubid minaret
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Remains of the mosque of the western enclosure
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ - prayer hall
Great Mosque, Minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH[11] / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Habuba Kabira, to make burghul (wheat grits) the wheat is cooked in a huge pot and then carried to a drying place
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
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The historical sulfur Afqa Spring
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten bei der Ankunft in Palmyra. Diese Quelle war die wichtigste des Ortes und bewässerte bis in die 1990er - seither ist sie versiegt - die Oase mit dem Palmenhain. Die Palmyrener legten an ihr unterirdische Bankettsäle an (Eingänge sichtbar auf den folgenden Bildern !) und stellten viel Altäre und Ex-Votos für die Gottheit der Quelle auf (ibidem). Das Wasser war leicht schwefelig. ]
General view of modern residential buildings in Saydnaya
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
© SMB, Museum for Islamic Art, image: G. Niedermeiser
Courtyard of a rural house in the Ghouta of Damascus
Ornament over a window, Khan Sulayman Basha al-ʿAzm
[ Description by author: Dekor über dem linken Fenster von Bild 0313. ]
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console
Roman mosaic, National Museum of Damascus
[ Description by author: Die Bilder 0113 - 0116 sind eine durchgängige Folge links > rechts aus einem römischen Mosaik. Leider habe ich damals versäumt zu notieren, aus welcher Gegend Syriens es stammt. Hier: ein Bär attakiert Equiden. ]
Remains of the Byzantine church at Qarqbiza
[Original: einschiffige Kirche, Südseite]
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, bastion with loopholes.
The entrance of the Tomb (Hypogeum) of the Three Brothers
Raqqa - finds discovered in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex, clay decorations
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, entrance with half-dome and muqarnas
Columns with Corinthian capitals- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Remains of the western basilica, Burj Haydar
[Original. Westliche Basilika, Säulenarkaden mit dorischen Kapitellen, 4. Jh.]
A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Bayt Wakil, facade of the reception hall
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, courtyard and the southern portico
Wedding party in a street in Mukhayyam al-Yarmuk in Damascus
Wedding party
Al-Asad artificial lake, view to the Tabqa dam
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Geschnitzter Mihrâb von 1245, steht heute im Iwân des Hofes. Vgl. Bild 1239 !'].
Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation
Raqqa II; capitals (found near city wall or in debris?)
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Northern Iwan
[G 88/ 24/ 293] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Tall al-Biʿa - Aerial photograph
Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and western facade - main hall's (qaʿa) facade
Hof mit Bahra und Qa'a-Front
Khan Qurdbak, iwan of the Mamluk palace
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and (pool) Birkat al-Hajj, view from south
Palmyra, Palm grove, view at Bel Temple
A shop in al-Qaymariyya, the old city of Damascus, selling salted lupini beans 'termos'
General view from outside, Jamiʿ Manjak
Bayt Junblat, northern iwan
Bayt Ajiqbash, Ground floor plan
Popular restaurants on both banks of the Barada River
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Woman builds a silo for her supplies during the winter
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arched entrance built according to the ablaq system
Palm groves
A traditionally crafted tapestry weave
General view of Ithriya Temple
Gesehen von ~ Osten (sofern ich das Satellitenfoto richtig gedeutet habe !).- Zur genaueren Information s. das PDF Nr 1087 ! Die Verzierung links und rechts des Tores erinnert an Nîha im Libanon. Der Tempel soll ein Prostylos gewesen sein und aus dem 3. Jh. stammen. [Original:'Ithriya (Seriana),']
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior
Aleppo Great Mosque, prayer hall interior
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main facade after the destruction
1
View from the northeast, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Tele-Ausschnitt aus Bild 0586.. ['Hotel Villa Palmyra (Heliopolis ?)'] ]
ʿAyn Dara Temple, Colossal basalt lion
Natural landscape and agriculture in Sahl Hawran (Hawran plain)
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, niche and minbar in the prayer hall (Samah Khana)
Al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, muqarnas on the dome from the inside
Zwickel an der Kuppel. Irgendwo habe ich gelesen, dass diese kleinen Nischen die erste Stufe der Entwicklung der Muqarnas darstellen und dass darin die künstlerische Bedeutung der Moschee bestehe.- S. Beschreibung Bild 1052 gegen Ende ! [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Near Tall Tamir, In a tannur deepened in the ground the flat breads are baked
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Arial view at the citadel. [S.151, Abb.168]
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Qastal facade
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glazed pottery figure from ar-Raqqa; now in National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.5819; Height 46,5 cm
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), Inscription framed with decorations
General view of the Tetrapylon
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Pottery manufacturing in the Khabur region, probably in al-Busayri
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Mosque of as-Sayyida Zaynab, Nahiyat Babbila
[ Description by author: Sayyida Zainab ist eine Tochter von 'Ali und Fatima, somit Schwester von Husain und Hasan und Enkelin des Propheten, außerdem Tante der Sayyida Raqîya, einer Tochter Husains, die ebenfalls in Damaskus begraben ist (vgl. Bild 0251 - 0253 !). laut sunnitischer Tradition ist Sayyida Zainab allerdings in Kairo begraben ....... Die Anlage wurde ab 1990 errichtet, vermutlich weitgend mit Geld aus Iran.- Gesehen von ~ Norden. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance
General view of Shumaymis castle (Qalʿat Shumaymis)
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila - plan
Part of the remains of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Cross vaults in the prayer room of an-Nuri Mosque
General view of Masyaf Castle
25 piastres (silver), 20 mm, 1958 (union with Egypt)
Interior view of Mar Taqla Monastery, Maʿlula
Remains of mills at the waterfalls of Tall Shihab
Al Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard and prayer hall facade
Damascus citadel from the inside, round 1930
An old picture of Damascus Citadel from the inside showing two defensive towers protecting the southern side, where Suq al-Hamidiyya is situated. Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. (photographer unkown)
Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, horizontal sundial
View over city, Jamiʿ Halab al-Kabir
View of the Orontes River with forested river banks
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard
The cathedral of Busra from the inside
HQ-k.9 Interior view, Arch,
Valley of the Tombs, Tomb of Jambliku - decoration of the door lintel
[ Description by author: Linke Volute vom Türsturz, gesehen von ~ Osten. ]
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Busra, Roman Theater surrounded by the Islamic Citadel
Ghuta of Damascus, an old irrigation canal, 1963
The farmers of the Ghuta were able to benefit from the Barada and al-'Awaj rivers in the most possible way, through a water distribution system. The Barada River was divided into seven branches, as well as a subnet of canals covering all the lands of the Ghuta. The inhabitants of the Ghuta did not rely only on the water coming from these two rivers for the irrigation of their orchards, but rather they dug dozens of wells to benefit from the groundwater as well.
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
Near Qa'alat ar-Rahaba, Shrin Shaykh Shibliy. [Original:'Bei QAL'AT ar-RAHABA, Grabbau = SAIH SIBLI']
Decoration of the qaʿa (guest room) in the Quwatli House
Kämpferkonsole in der Qa'a
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the iwan facade
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Narthex of south basilica (south façade of church)
Bas-relief on an arch in the church of Qalb Lawza
Bayt Wakil, courtyard (restaurant)
Excavation in the citadel of Damascus
Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet, ceramic tiles Zakariya
shap_import_60397
A view of the walls and the castle, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Hypogeum of the Three Brothers from the inside - mural paintings
[ Description by author: Linke Wand, Rückwand und Decke der freskierten Halle. In der Lünette Achill auf Skyros, in der Decke die Entführung des Ganymed. ]
Daily scene in front of some shops in Raqqa
Minaret and exterior wall of the Great Mosque of ar-Raqqa/ar-Rafiqa, 8th/12th c.
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
Palmyra, Sarcophagus, Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: in der Nähe des Fahnenheiligtums. [' 26/03/2002 (?)'] ]
Painting on the wall of the iwan, al-ʿAzm Palace
Malerei auf der Rückseite des Iwans. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Habuba Kabira, entrance side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)
Roman grave behind the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
Qasr Ibn Wardan seen from the south
Museum of Palmyra / Tadmur, Stone-relief with figural decoration
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, the kitchen entrance
Interior view of Basilika A, ar-Rusafa
[Original: 1945 Geschenk Prof. Friedrich Sarre]
Temple of Bel behind palm trees
A boy in a metal workshop in Raqqa
Great Mosque of Aleppo, view at courtyard, from 1907
View in eastern direction with the citadel in the background and the pavilions for ritual washing (Abolutionary) visible in the inner courtyard (Sahn). Out of a group of glass-plate photographs from a donation by Prof. Friedrich Sarre to the Museum für Islamische Kunst in Berlin in 1947!
A view from the archaeological Tall Abyad towards the Balikh plain
A boat trip in the Euphrates, near Jabal ʿAruda
House with mud decoration as door framing in the village of Qalʿat Najm, that was flooded by the Tishrin dam
The house consists of a double-room inside. View from south east.
Qalʿat (castle) al-Qadmus, inscription
The courtyard of an-Nuri Mosque
Jabal al-ʿArab, Camel
Bayt Ajiqbash, traditional furniture in the guest room (qaʿa)
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Busra, cathedral. The remains of the 6th century basilica of the martyrs Sergios, Bacchos and Leontius
Sie wurde 512/13 den Märtyrern Sergios, Bacchus und Liontius geweiht. Hier gesehen von ~ Südwesten: Blick über den Zentral"raum" mit dem Tetrakonchos (vgl. Grundriss Bild 3781 !) auf die Ostwand mit Altarraum und Nebenräumen.
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, vertical declining sundial
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Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
Courtyard, Fountain
A couple a day after their wedding
The woman is wearing a Habari (screen-printed head-scarf) over which she has laid an Abaya (coat)
Baalshamin Temple (2nd c AD), view from north west
Hama, Waterwheels of Kilaniyya, al-Tawafira and al-Jaʿbariyya
The gate of south-western side, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Gate of south-western side [Original: "Salihiyyah, Tor der Südwestseite"]
Tartus, Qalʿat al-Marqab, Crusader castle, general view from the Castle.
Aliya Alnuami
Raqqa, enclosure wall and arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
Al-Khabur region, a potter in the workshop, probably in al-Busayri
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, Glazed pottery
West Palace; Glazed pottery, waster pottery
A Kurdish woman spinning with a suspended spindle. She is wearing a traditional overgarment
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance and the sabil
Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
When milking a flock of sheep in the Syrian Jazira
Examples of embroidery stitches
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Ebla (Tall Mardikh), basalt basin was often used for the purposes of worship
(Kult)Wanne. Sie erinnert an die aus Mishrifa, vgl. Bild 0968 ! Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Valley of the Tombs, Tomb of Jambliku - facade decoration
[ Description by author: Linke Seite des Fassadendekors: der bärtige Kopf als Träger der unteren und die Nike (Sirene / Harpye) als Träger der oberen Konsole. Gesehen von ~ Osten. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, domed prayer hall which houses parts of the 5th century cathedral
Porticus post scaenam, Roman Theater- Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, inscription and decoration above the entrance of the prayer hall
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, view to the west across the courtyard
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, door of the prayer hall - decoration details and door handles
Amrit, Melqart temple (Eshmoun), central shrine
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico
Bimaristan Arghun, northern courtyard - open dome
Preparing dinner in the courtyard of a mud brick house in the outskirts of Raqqa
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minbar (pulpit) - inscription
al-Lajat region, Roman road
Khusrawiyya, northern arcade, 2018
The northern arcade is the only survived part of Khusrawiyya complex.
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
A part from the bath of Harim Castle
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
View of the church at Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Westfassade (?)]
General view of the Barada spring close to the eastern Mountains of Lebanon
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy
The Byzantine basilica, view from the south, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: der byzantinischen Basilika, gesehen von ~ Süden. Links ein Stück der Südwestwand, rechts schaut man durch die eingestürzte Südost-Wand in die Gewölbe. Der Stein unter dem Bord links entspricht in seiner Höhe genau dem Stein rechts: der ganze Zwischenraum ist als Mauer zu denken. ]
Tall Dahab, Cement-fixed area where rinsing or washing is carried out, body washing may take place there too
The barrani (frigidarium) section of Hammam Manjak, Busra
Domed room of the reception wing, view from east
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico - Mamluk rank
Remains of the Umayyad Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
[Original: "Heir al-Garbi"]
Techniques of tapestry weaves
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Bayt Wakil, qaʿa, front elevation of the hall's facade
Elevation drawing. No scale
North-East Syria, Kurdish wedding celebration
[Original: Musikanten bei kurdischer Hochzeit]
Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the southern iwan of the inner courtyard (juwwani)
At-Turn, Double-dome house on the edge of the steppe close to Maskana
Khan al-Wazir, general view
The main palace of the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid, ar-Raqqa
[Original: Palastareal]
A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
View of the stage and the scaenae frons, Theater of Palmyra
[ Description by author: und Cavea. Die Bühnenwand soll noch zwei weitere Etagen gehabt haben: wenn man in der Säulenstraße außen an ihr vorbeilief, muss man ziemlich "erschlagen" worden sein ....... Man beachte das Datum, für einen neueren Zustand vgl. Bild 0727 ! Blick nach ~ Nord-Nord-Ost. ]
View at al-Hariqa district showing the south-western tower of Damascus Citadel
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - the exterior facade and the entrance
Arched window of perforated stucco, al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
[ Description by author: zum Innenhof. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard - southern facade
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the main hall (qaʿa)
Raqqa, The ruins of Qasr al-Banat
Capital, Umayyad Mosque
[Original: Omayyaden-Moschee (705 - 725), Aktanthuskapitell]
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall from the inside
The prayer hall, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Blick aus der Nordostecke durch die Osthalle nach ~ Südwesten. Hinter den Säulen der Pavillon mit dem Kopf Johannes' des Täufers. ]
ʿAyn al-Khadra, Village school from mud bricks, not used any more
View from airplane to the upper reaches of the Sajur (mainly on Turkish territory, border strip of Syria visible at upper right)
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, Arabic inscription
Hinterland of Yabrud in the early sixties: Ploughing with wooden plough, pulled by two horses
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's western facade
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Preparation of the design of a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya
Entrance to the Church of St Peter, Saydnaya
[ Description by author: oder kleiner Tempel von Bild 0421: Eingang. Noch gut erhalten ist der Türsturz. Die Portalöffnung selbst ist verkleinert, Vermutung: der / die große(n) Türflügel gingen kaputt, Geld für neue war nicht da (vielleicht wegen des Baues des Marienklosters ?), und so kam man auf die Idee, die Portalöffnung zu verkleinern. Womit ? Der Stein ist ein Monolith, er könnte als Eingang von einem anderen Gebäude stammen - diese Eingänge bestehen aber üblicherweise aus mindestens drei Steinen. War es ein "Trog" (welcher Art auch immer, selbst ein Sarg), aus dem man den Boden herausgemeißelt hat ? ]
General view of the remains of ʿAyn Dara Temple
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ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Bimaristan Arghun, open dome above the octagonal courtyard
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Two workshops for the manufacture and sale of iron tools in Raqqa
Khan al-Jumruk, in the courtyard view to north showing the interior facade of the Khan's entrance
Entrance of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, as-Salamiyya
zum Gebetssaal - s. die Schuhe ! Er erinnert an mittelalterliche Kirchen - für eine gotische fehlt nur ein richtiger Tympanon ... Es ist mir aber nicht bekannt, dass die Moschee auf der Stelle einer Kirche errichtet worden wäre. Dennoch scheinen mit die "Kapitelle" rechts und links nicht islamische Kunst zu sein, der Türsturz, bei dem man gleich an eine Spolie denkt, trägt eine arabische Inschrift - er könnte aber gedreht worden sein .......- Da ich nicht mehr weiß, ob dieser Eingang sich auf der West-, Süd- oder Ostseite der Moschee befindet, habe ich keinen GPS-Tag gesetzt. Es gibt noch ein weiteres Problem: ich könnte mich irren, und dieses und das nächste Bild sind nicht von der Jâmi' al-Kabîr, sondern von der Masjid al-Imâm Ismâ'îl ! Dann wäre der Eingang im Norden oder Süden. [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
A woman spinning with a suspended spindle
Qal‘at Shayzar (Citadel), the upper part of the entarnce.
Afamiya, Northern Roman baths
Forests in the Syrian Coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
[Original: Ansariyengebirge]
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the mosque in the center of the khan's courtyard
Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD
The Tetrapylon marks a slight change of direction and an intersection in the course of the colonnaded street. It completely lies in ruins after the explosion.
Cathedral of Busra from the inside
[Original: HQ-k.9 Interior view, Arch]
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden cells inside the prayer hall's iwan
Eating breakfast in the shop
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, a groin vault in the entrance
Inscription of foundation in 1168, oldest Inscription in Naskhi in Aleppo
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden prayer niche
Maps of Aleppo: Sectoral concentration of trade and craft, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Sectoral concentration of trade and craft in the area of ancient city. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend. [Original in German: Aleppo: Branchenkonzentration von Handel und Gewerbe im Bereich Altstadt | Karte 4] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 /2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
View from Temple of the Standards
[Original: Blick von der Principia auf die Ausgrabungen (Principia = official places of the army officers)]
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), courtyard
View from the Hotel Burj al-Fardous towards Old Damascus showing the Citadel
[ Description by author: Blick vom Hotel Burj al-Farâdîs nach ~ Osten: Al-Qal'a. ]
Drought in the Barada River, Old Damascus
An old photo in ʿAyn al-Fija, Wadi Barada
[Original:'Militär-Transport im Taurus'].. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
The wooden pulpit (minbar) in the prayer room of an-Nuri Mosque
Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra - view from the south
writing on the photo's back ['567. ''Photographie, Francois MARTIN, 19, Bd du Pont d'Aive, 1205 GENEVE'. Foto M. von Oppenheim, reproduziert nach Phototheque M. von Berchem Nr. 567 (1035). (----> Gent, Foundation Max van Berchiem). Org, Catalogue (1975) 50: Madrasa'Umariya. Conv interieure. =Nr. 38.']
Locally produced perfumes displayed for sale in Suq al-Buzuriyya
Hama, general overview at the Jisriyya/Bridge Noria (waterwheel)
Here, in the picture from the thirties of the twentieth century, you can see the waterwheel, together with the name giving bridge, a separate building, as well as the terraces of two excursion locales or cafes. [Original description: Oronte eclairci NB] Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, small iwan - detail view of archway
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance
Temple of 'Ayn Dara, Giant footprints carved into the stone floor
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior
The hall has a rectangular ground plan. Based on a square middle room, it is divided by 12 pillars, all spanned by pointed arches, into 20 compartments of two different forms: two narrow oblong ones each on three sides of the central area (see picture 5) and two smaller square ones each in the adjacent corner areas. The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola. The other parts are covered with elongated, flattened vaults and small domes according the respective compartment form.
Basalt sphinx at the main entrance of ʿAyn Dara Temple
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
The inner façade of Baghdad Gate, Raqqa
Burj as-Saʿa, upper part of the entrance
Busra, Hammam Manjak, north wing with hot water reservoir during the restoration
North wing with hot water reservoir
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
Shore zone of the Euphrates with tree vegetation of Lake Assad
Jurn Kabir, a tawny owl, which occurs there frequently
The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar
Bayt al Haj Musa (cad. no. VII 2060 and 2056)/ Reduced ground plan with ruler
Built structures under a mamluk qa'a that was destroyed before 19th century, Size of plan 28 x 38 . with ruler (no scale).
The courtyard with fountain and Iwan, Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Bahra mit Liwan
View of the city of Yabrud adjacent to agricultural fields
Town and irrigated fields
Mountains around Palmyra (parts of Palmyra Chains)
Qanawat, General view the nymphaeum
Busra Theater, one of the main destinations for tourists
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, inscription above the prayer niche
Ruins of Qalʿat Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Arch bridge over the Orontes River, which leads to the Shayzar Castle
ِAleppo, Khan as-Sabun, partial view from eastern arcade in the first floor
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, upper part of the entrance - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
View to the south-east of ʿAyn al-ʿArus lake
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr, Halab / Aleppo. Er stammt aus dem Jahre 1682. Hier die Außenfassade. Vgl. Bild 1250 ! Ob sie wirklich auf der Westseite der Anlage ist, ist mir nicht (mehr) ganz klar, aber die Beschreibung im Guide Bleu "Middle East" (Eingang an einem kleinen Platz mit Moschee am Ende) macht es wahrscheinlich.'].
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - tomb chamber
Conservation of the Aleppo Room in the Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (before)
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner
New buildings still empty for agricultural purposes in the Ghab-plain
General view of the monuments of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Der Hintergrund von Bild 0800. Links die Säulenstraße, 3. Abschnitt, dann der Tetrapylon, dahinter der Monumentalbogen. Rechts vom Tetrapylon das Theater, darüber die vier Säulen der Diokletiansthermen. Noch weiter rechts, nach der Kolonnade, die Agora mit ganz rechts dem Bankettsaal. Hinter all dem das Areal des Bel-Tempels, ganz im Hintergrund der Salzsee von Palmyra. ]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - minbar's entrance
View of towards the city and the monastery of Saydnaya
Manufacturing of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the mosque in the center of the Khan's courtyard
Tomb of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs, interior view
[ Description by author: Bei den Bildern 0838 - 0840 gibt es ein Problem: gehören sie zum Turm des Elahbel oder zu dem des Jambliqu ? Da aber auf allen meinen Bildern der Eingang zum Turm des Jambliqu mit einer Gittertür verschlossen ist, auf der anderen Seite alle meine Führer schreiben, dass man den Turm des Elahbel besteigen könne und wegen der Aussicht auch solle, dürfte es sich um diesen handeln. Jedenfalls befinden wir uns hier in einer höheren Etage mit Blick auf den Eingang ins Treppenhaus. Das Relief unten rechts zeigt einen typischen Palmyrener auf eine Kline - wie er an der Außenseite bzw. an der Rückwand im Erdgeschoss "fehlt" ....... ]
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Frame of the large wall cupboard door (samandāra) of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum of Ethnology, with a flat, white-ground strip for fixing the hinge
Guesthouse of a wealthy family in Maskana, attached is an iwan
Houses of stone and concrete in Mnin
Tomb of the three Brothers, 2nd c.
The colourful fresco of the subterranean burial chamber present mythological creatures. Local and Roman artistic traditions were joined together.
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Neg. Nr. 83/5-31A/32
A part of the city of Harim, located on the northwestern slope of a mountain
Outside of the surrounding wall of Halabiyya fortress
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Approximate
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, general view of the site
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, corbel with muqarnas supporting an arch in the inner portico
Village of Tall Hamidiyya with excavation house (left)
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from inside
Part of Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph) from the inside
[ Description by author: Linker Ansatz des großen Bogens der 2. "Scheibe". ]
Palmyra, Baal Temple - Temenos wall with propylaeum and view towards the oasis
Bayt Junblat, door in the centre of southern iwan
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
In the living compartment of the semi-nomadic family's tent (from Maskana region)
A fountain rich in geometric decorations in the northern arcade of the courtyard, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Peasants returning home from work in their palm grove passing by Bel temple
View along north western corner towards the oasis
Remains of the portal frame, Byzantine Cathedral in Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Sie wurde weitgehend aus Materialien des Tempels errichtet. Dieses Bruchstück hier scheint mir römisch zu sein: Einfassung eines bzw. des Portals. Interessant: sofern die Kirche den Linien der byzantinischen Substrukturen folgte - nach den Plänen ist das der Fall - ist sie nicht richtig geostet, sondern nach ~ Südosten ausgerichtet. Wollte man sparen und die Tempelmauern benutzen ? ]
Entrance of the Ayyubid Mosque of Fatima, Busra
A traditionally crafted tapestry cover (Kilim)
Reuse of a Byzantine building as a residence, Sirjilla
[Original: Haus Nr. 17/18. Das höher gelegene Haus Nr. 18 mit einer teilweise noch stehenden doppelgeschossigen Säulenvorhalle ging zeitlich dem Haus Nr. 17 (6. Jh.) voraus.]
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th C.
[Original: Kathedrale (den Märtyrern Sergios und Bacchios und dem Leontios geweiht), Chor]
A concrete irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Der hohe hinten ist der des Maliku (vgl. Bild 0820, der ganz rechts der des Jambliqu (vgl. Bild 0823 - 0830 !). Gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
A view of an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias (water wheels), Hama
A view from al-Kilaniyya Bridge towards an-Nuri Mosque and a group of three norias from the Kilaniyyat group (Kilaniyya, Tawafira and Jaʿbariyya).
Hammam Bahram Pasha, exterior facade
The street facade of the bathhouse with striped masonry (ablaq).
Relief with vine tendrils
[Original: Bauornamentik]
Busra, The cold section (Barrani) of Hammam Manjak
Interior View, Arch, Fountain,_Separaiting Sheet 86/XV
Madrasat al-Firdaws, general view of the courtyard and the arcades
Al-Bara, oil mill, 5th-6th c.
Kitbugha mausoleum on the foot of Qasyun mountain
Bimaristan Arghun, entry portal detail
Street vegetable hawker, ar-Raqqa
al-Bab ash-Sharqi, a small arched side entrance
The water of Khabur is near Raʾs al-ʿAyn strongly sulphurous
Remains of an entrance, Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: in oder bei den Thermen. Da nur die Türrahmen in sehr verwittertem Zustand (Kalkstein !) übrigblieben, erinnert das Bild an Dolmen ....... Im Hintergrund der Monumentalbogen von innen. Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ ! Gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, general view
Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.
In some places, buildings were found, that consist only of a huge room and a multifunctional ground-floor space. They were likely community houses (Andron).
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), the middle part of the room
A view of Aleppo room, whose magnificent woodwork was transferred from Wakil House in Aleppo to be re-installed at the Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin. The drawings for this room are the oldest collection from a Syrian house in the Ottoman era. They represent various subjects, including the formations of Islamic art portrayed by various plant and geometric drawings, Christian themes and images of the Virgin Mary with her child, as well as scenes from the court with the ruler on his throne, and mass hunting trips.
Qanawat, General view of the nymphaeum
Sirjilla, large press (P.01, House 09, southern annexe)
Trip of the IFEAD, the dead cities [voyage IFEAD, villes mortes]
Excavation of Abbasid ruins in Kharab Sayyar
Palmyra, Valley of the tombs
Qanawat, Theatron and Orchestra
Excavation work inside ad-Daydariyya cave
Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard
Yabrud: A stone facade of a historic building
Engraving at the left of the portal of northern thalamos, cella of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Cella, Nord-Thalamos, links vom Portal: Ädikula, darüber eine Art Obelisk (oder ein Altar ?). ]
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: annex, ground floor plan
Annex building in the north of Matbakh al Ajami, size of plan 50 x 36. Ruler.
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance
The gate of the northeastern wall, Agora
[ Description by author: Das hohe Tor der Nordostwand und Blick nach ~ Südwesten ins Innere. ]
Jamiʿ ad-Darwishiyya, framed window with a decorative strip, topped by an ornamental arch
[ Description by author: mit Bordüre. ]
As-Sa'a roundabout in the city of Raqqa
Naʿurat al-Muhammadiyya (waterwheel), the biggest noria in Hama
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa"- Eastern Palace, stucco
Raqqa II; Eastern Eastpalace; relief decoration, bunch of grapes
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Raqqa, Baghdad gate
General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn (castle)
[Original: mittelalterliche arabische Burg]
The damage of the west-southern corner of the mosque.
Khan Qurtbak, eastern arcade
Tower north of Bab Antakiya. The inscription indicates a restoration by the Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh between 820/1417 and 823/1420
The entrance of Tartus museum, Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch
‘Ajami decoration in Qasr al-‘Azm, Damascus
shap_import_97593
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
View of courtyard facade [Original: Privathaus, Innenhof] Pl. Nr. Aufnahme Enderlein, Foto-Verz. Nr. 11028 A 18
Damascus, the eastern part of the city wall near to Bab Kisan
Parts of the historic city wall, some with integrated residential buildings, have been preserved to this day. Legend has it that the apostle Paul fled from here, the Bab Kisan gate in the background on the right, to spread the Christian doctrine.
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, interior view of the prayer hall dome
shap_import_64443
A view of a hill around ٍShahba
Barada River in Old city of Damascus
Khan al-Wazir, decoration and windows on top of the internal facade of the khan's entrance
Exterior view, front
Raqqa, Tall Aswad, small finds
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, northern entrance
Busra, Hammam Manjak, interior view
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Bab al-Maqam in Aleppo, general view
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, the upper part of the entrance - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
{Original: Maulbeerbaum }. on the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Busra, remains of the Byzantine Cathedral
Manbij, cemetry and new buildings in the background, view from the south
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas details
The arcade wall of Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Remains of Ayyubid arch in the western enclosure
Muzayrib - Ancient mill
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Bayt Wakil, interior facade of the upper floor
Roman sarcophagus with decorations, Qanawat
[Original: Rechteckige Grabkammer hinter der östlichen Exedra der Basilika: christlicher Sarkophag]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Eastern side of Damascus Gate, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
~ Ostseite, äußerer Abschnitt, gesehen von der Westseite nach ~ Süden. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Maronite Cathedral, general view of the main entrance
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
Ad-Dumayr, view of the temple from the inside
[ Description by author: Blick von der Höhe der inneren ~ Ostwand nach ~ Westen. Unten die beiden "Kammern" und die Hofseite des Durchgangs, oben interessant die Verbindung des Giebels mit den beiden Ecktürmen. Vgl. Bild 0391 ! ]
A Kurdish woman with a prayer rug made of wool with embroidery
Madrasat al-Firdaws, courtyard, iwan and western arcade
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, western entrance gate
Busra, Part of the citadel wall
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
(Dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
Photos of Qubbat as-Sayyar ['Saiyer'], No. 96[B]
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Suq Aslan Dada, reconstruction of northern entrance and eastern wall of Khan as-Sabun, view towards southwest
Al-Farnathiyya mausoleum, the dome from the inside
at destrict Damaskus-as-Salihiyya, Ceiling of dome
An arch topped a niche in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277. Mihrab-Nische mit Marmorinkrustationen]
Wooden old door, Madinat Dimashq al-Qadima
Raqqa countryside, Men in a traditional tent in Suwaydiyya Kabira village
View to Jabal ʿAruda on the right bank of the Euphrates
Busra - Birkat (pool) al-Hajj and Jamiʿ (mosque) Abu al-Fidaʾ
Southwest wall of the Agora
[ Description by author: Südwestwand der Anlage, gesehen von ~ Südosten, von der Außenseite. Im Hintergrund die Säulenstraße. Vgl. Bild 0709 ! ]
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain (restaurant)
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription and decoration above the entrance
shap_import_65802
Al-Marqab Castle from the inside
Jurn Kabir, the traditional type of the double room house, which is divided inside by a transverse wall.
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
View to the east.
Columns belong to the Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: bis zum Monumentalbogen, linke Seite. Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. Alle Zuordnungen sind hypothetisch ! ]
Busra, Interior view of the Roman Theatre and Ayyubid Citadel
Orchestra und Scenae Frons, gesehen von ~ Süden. Das Theater stammt aus dem 2. Jh. und ist eines der größten und besterhaltenen der römischen Welt. Es fasste ca. 15000 Zuschauer. Vgl. Bild 3802 !
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - eastern facade
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Courtyard of guest wing (so called selamlik oder barrani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Maronite Cathedral, the altar
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall
Excavation work, Madinat al-Far
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Decoration
Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Habuba Kabira, inside the double-dome room with its relief arch
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, view from the courtyard on the eastern arcade
A shepherd with his herd and tourists
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
ar-Rusafa, Bedouin women cook sheep meat on open fireplaces on the occasion of the desert festival
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, prayer niche
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Entrance of a bastion with loopholes
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall, door of the khatib (orator) room
Bayt Wakil, reception hall
House in Bahsita, , bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console
A side from Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle)
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs
Remains of Zeus Temple (Seraya), Qanawat
[Original: Perystlilhof mit einfachen Säulen mit Plattenkapiteller auf hohen Basen]
Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri, the cold section (barrani)
The cold section (barani) is big and composed of four vaulted iwans, each of which has a platform and arched niche to put garments in. The center of this section is an octagonal water basin with a fountain.
Citadel of Aleppo, minaret of the Great Mosque
South part of the east side, Hammam al-Qaramani
[ Description by author: Südteil der Ostseite. Der obere Teil "modern" mit Beton ausgebaut. ]
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glazed pottery vessel; Palace B, ar-Raqqa; now in National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.16476
Busra, The East Gate "Nabataean Gate"
Nabatäisches Tor, Hauptstraße, am östlichen Ende der Hauptstraße, von Westen. Es soll im frühen 1. Jh. erbaut worden sein Westlich davon lag das römische, nach Osten das nabatäische Viertel der Stadt. Der Name ist weniger auf seine Erbauer, als auf die typisch nabatäischen Hörnerkapitelle der Säulen und Pilaster zurückzuführen. Vgl. Bild 3776 - 3779 !
General view of the Great Colonnade (Shariʿ al-Aʿmida)
[ Description by author: 3. Abschnitt. Ganz links das Tempelgrab, ganz rechts der Tetrapylon und dahinter der Monumentalbogen. Unterhalb des Tempelgrabes ein Stück der Stadtmauer. Gesehen nach ~ Südosten. ]
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade, al-Midan
A typical Friday breakfast table in Damascus
Hama, general view of the "Four Norias", the two Bischriyyat and two Uthmaniyyat
Blick von Südosten auf die vier Wasserräder. . ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Barada River in a state of drought, near Victoria Bridge
Ceiling and Reverse side of the ceiling of Bayt Ḫazīna-Kātibī / Niẓām with ‘Ajami decoration
detail of the šīša-ceiling with panels (ṭabaq) painted alternately on green and red ground and view from above on the construction of the šīša-ceiling
shap_import_61326
The courtyard of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya with a water fountain
Khan al-Hibal, general plan
ar-Rusafa, North-Gate, view into the interior.
ʿAyn al-Khadra, residential house with a central hall plan of a Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, upper part of the main entrance - foundation inscription
Tower north of Bab Antakiya, a side of the defensive tower after the removal of infringements
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard- entrances to single rooms
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome
Chamber tomb with two chambers, Inscription from 1514
Funerary temple, Palmyra
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall dome - octogonal tambour on squinches
Aliya Alnuami
Maronite Cathedral, one of the catherdral pointed towers
Citadel of Aleppo, Maqam Ibrahim - foundation inscription on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
At the upper reach of the Khabur near Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Citadel of Aleppo, prayer hall of the Great Mosque
Traditional house in neighborhood "al-Almaji"
Traditional two-storey house from the late Ottoman period (19th century?): the main stonework façade on the upper floor is symmetrically accentuated by a leap forward wooden oriel, the "Kishk".
Cows in a field in the Ghouta of Damascus
The Ghouta of Damascus was characterized by the raising of cattle (known as the Damascene cows) of pure race, which is unique compared with the rest of the Levant. The rich pastures of the Ghouta provided good feed, and hence the cows provided the best milk.
Spolia of crowns of columns for decorating a courtyard, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Spolia in courtyard
Agricultural fields, cow and irrigation pipe on the coast of Baniyas
South-west Syria: Qalamun Mountains, the village of Maʿlula with its light blue or white house paintings
Bayt Junblat, western facade of the women hall (Haramlik)
Bayt Ajiqbash, wooden decorated (ʿajami) ceiling in the iwan
Remains of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: Links das Peristyl des Beckens (dass es ein Becken ist, erkennt man auf Bild 0693, 0694 !), ganz rechts das Propylon, hinten die Innenseite des Monumentalbogens. Gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
Fountain in al-ʿAzm Palace
Exterior view of Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'', Damascus
Decorated wooden door of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., West and south facades from southwest
Habuba Kabira, plastering of the domes after completion of the shell
Raqqa - Jar discovered at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Ra-O-NK. 146, Ceramic. [original: 'Keramik']. [original:' s. unten Nr. 18'].[ 89/54/863] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Modern painted panels with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
‘Ajami decoration in Bayt Nabulusi in Damascus
shap_import_97590
In the outer courtyard of the ʿAzm-Palace, now the museum of the arts and popular traditions of Damascus
Raqqa - Remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
A central passage in the Castle of Harim
Archs: Remains of al-Ashnan watermill on the foot of Qasyun mountain
shap_import_77200
Remains of a water canal in the village of Shaykh Hilal
The village inhabitants believe this type of water canals to be Roman, although the oldest of them dates back to the Byzantine era.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, inscription above the hall entrance
The traditional way of filling and weighing the wool, Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, a wooden internal balcony (sudda) above the prayer hall entrance
shap_import_11878
Yabrud: residential houses with central hall floor plans
Street view with central hall house. This building along the street shows a local variation (of the Qalamun Mountains) of the house form known from Lebanon since the middle of the 19th century: shaded entrance hall with an entrance arcade of three arches on round columns on the ground floor, above it on the upper floor the repetition as open seating area with balcony in front. A symmetrical stone façade made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. These houses were probably built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Door with ornaments on the lintel, Qarqbiza
[Original: Haus, Tür mit Ornamenten auf dem Türsturz]
The region of Limestone Massif, where Qal'at Sam'an (monastery of St. Simeon) is situated
Colossal basalt lion found in 1955 in ʿAyn Dara
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco on the ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard, windows of the northern facade
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the small Iwan
A chamber in the bath of Harim Castle
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
From Balis and now in Damascus Museum. [Original:'DAMASKUS, Mus. <---
Balis']
Pavilion on the left of the Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi gate
[Original: Pavillon vorm linken Tor]
A stand selling sandwiches in Damascus
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, interior view of eastern facade - Iwan
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, historic photo of the prayer niche
Mihrab
Chest of drawers in traditional inlay technique with mother of pearl in an old house in Maʿlula
ʿAyn al-ʿArus, view into the ceiling of a village mud bricks house, armenian owners
Hiraqla victory monument - plan of ground level
Reconstruction drawing of gound level. Plan showing construction system. (with ruler)
Remains of Zengid bridge in ʿAyn Diwar
Remains City Wall and Ibn Maʿn Castle in the back
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Nordwesten: Burg und Prätorium / Fahnenheiligtum des Diokletians-Lagers. Zwischen Burg und Lager erkennt man die nördliche Stadtmauer - die Stadtmauer läuft westlich des Lager den Berg dahinter (Jabal al-Husainiya) hoch zu einer kleinen Festung und dann auf der Nordseite wieder hinunter. Dies ist eine beliebte Befestigungsform, besonders schön erhalten in Halabiya (Zenobia) am Euphrat. ]
Lower basin of the waterfalls of Tall Shihab
Salah al-Din Castle, castle walls resting on the grown rock
A side of Salah ad-Din castle
Entrance of a hall in the religion complex of Mnin.
[ Description by author: Die große Halle und ihre Freitreppe, gesehen von ~ Westen. ]
The nature in spring, Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Part of the western enclosure
Khan Qurdbak, ground plan, first floor, reduced copy
First floor, Hotel Balit, iwan (mamluk.) Uzdemir [15]. size of plan 60 x 40. with ruler (no scale) .
View of a niche inside the Castle of Harim
One of the towers of Qalʿat (castle) Shayzar
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
General view of al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya (the coastal mountains) covered by forests
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, prayer niche decorated with geometric patterns
Processes of the contemporary ‘Ajami handcraft: the application of metal foil
Mohammad Haj Qab in his workshop in Damascus
Busra, Hammam Manjak, waterpipes
The Cave Monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Trotz der völlig anderen Landschaft musste ich an das Höhlenkloster Dair Mâr Marûn am 'Assi in der Nähe von Hirmil im Libanon denken (Bilder dort !). ]
General view of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic in the sanctuary, 595 AD
Raq19920015.tif
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC
A minaret rises above al-Bab ash-Sharqi
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
Squinch of the dome in the hall of upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm
Kuppelsaal: eine Trompe der Kuppel mit einer Art Muqarnas. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Afamiya, the Ottoman Khan below Qalʿat al-Mudiq (al-Madiq castle)
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Women wearing screen-printed headscarfs (Habari)
Suq az-Zarb, view towards west of the suq after the destruction
Muzayrib - Ruins of an historical bridge
In al-Hayat/Balikh valley: procedure of calcination of gypsum is finished and packed into sacks (3rd step): the natural gypsum stone was burned to produce gypsum as building material
(See also 1st and 2nd step of calcination of gypsum)
Raqqa, Tall Aswad, section drawing of a pottery kiln
Ceramic stove, section drawing with scale ruler
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Part of Damascus city wall topped by a house balcony
[ Description by author: aus ayyubidischer Zeit mit neuerer Überbauung. Im Hintergrund das Minarett des Bâb Sharqi. ]
Introducing the blue dye in boiling water to the silk threads. This process is repeated several times until the silk absorbs the blue dye effectively
The Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'' from the inside, Damascus
ThMap of the irrigation oasis of Damascus in 1969
The irrigation oasis of Damascus - attempt a summary display. Ledend and ruler. [Original: Die Bewässerungsoase von Damaskus - Versuch einer Überblicksdarstellung]
Inner face of the southern walls of Halabiyya, tower 3
Courtyard on the upper floor, Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Face sculpture, Zenobia Hotel
[ Description by author: Eingelassen in einer Wand des Hotels. Vermutlich handelt es sich um ein Stück der Verschlussplatte eines Loculus, vgl. Bild 0857 ! ]
In the light of the missing central dome of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Madrasat al-Firdaws, back iwan
Courtyard,
General view of Safita city
Olive groves near Harim
Palmyra, view from afar of Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan (castle)
seen from the south
The minaret of Great Mosque of ar-Raqqa/ar-Rafiqa, 8th/12th c.
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Eastern North Complex; Middle Trench
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction
Amrit, Melqart temple (Eshmoun), central shrine
Main entrance of the south facade of the church, Qarqbiza
[Original: "einschiffige Kirche, Haupttür der Südfassade (Villa des 3. Jhs. kurz vor 313 in Hauskirche umgewandelt - frühester datierbarer Sakralbau Syriens)"]
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the east section of the great hall
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, prayer niche
Wadi az-Zaydi, Ancient bridge
near Busra, Bridge
Qalʿat (castle) al-Qadmus, Insciption
Tughra of sultan over the entrance of ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi Mosque
Separaiting Sheet 82/IX
Great Mosque, prayer hall, minbar and mihrab
The unique wooden minbar, or pulpit, belongs to the Mamluk era as indicated by the inscribed name of the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, son of Qalawun (d. 741 AH / 1341 AD). The carpenter’s name is Muhammad ibn ʿAli al-Mawsili.
Palmyra, view from the south, valley of tombs in foreground, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn in background
Inscriptions on a volcanic stone in Jabal Says
Busra, Decumanus maximus looking west from the nymphaeum
Raqqa, A side from al-Banat Palace
View of an orchard in the Eastern Ghouta
Busra, Theater and Citadel - Aerial photograph
Citadel al-Qa'la, Aerial view Fl.305, Nr. 194, segment
Courtyard with fountain in the family wing (so called haramlik or juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Busra, al-Jami‘ al-ʿUmari and Hammam Manjak, exterior facades
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, ground plan and sectional drawings through the large hall
In the ground plan, the parts demolished in the fifties of the 20th century for a road extension were added. On the right, a north-south section through the large domed hall (above) and another from west to east. The plans have been redrawn as a CAD file by the BTU Cottbus, based on a draft by Jean-Claude David and Thierry Grandin.
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Stadttor]
Roman Gate (Peribolos) at the Straight Street, Old City of Damsacus
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten, mittlerer Durchgang. Die "Bürgersteige" der Geraden Straße wurden im Mittelalter zu Straßen, der alte Fahrdamm überbaut. Aber ab diesem Bogen für einige hundert Meter nach Osten besteht noch die alte Struktur: der Fahrdamm wurde ein offener Sûq, die "Bürgersteige" auch hier Straßen. Vgl. Bild 0322 ! ]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/988] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Small wadi in the desert of Badiyat ash-Sham
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Mosaic floor panel in hexagonal shape
General view of Masyaf city
Near Habuba Kabira, a family trip by boat to their former village, that was flooded in 1973 by the Tabqa-Dam
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall
View of Dahiyat as-Salihiyya at-Tarikhiyya from al-ʿAfif area
Homs, Jamiʿ an-Nuri, the main mihrab
Jamiʿ an-Nuri has a three mihrabs, this is the main one. It has mosaic in its half-dome.
Astrological relief panels on the ʿAyn Diwar bridge
The North West Tower of Damascus Citadel
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak
Telegraph column, topped with a miniature of a mosque, Sahat (square) al-Marja
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, view of the courtyard and the hall iwan
[Original: B63 Film-VI]
In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure of calcination of gypsum (2nd step): the fuel was lit
(See also 1st and third step of calcination of gypsum)
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat Shugr wa Bekas from the inside.
In the tent of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region, with storage bags in the background.
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, interior view of southern facade - entrance and minaret
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance
Yabrud: making Burghul, in background a wall in a special pisé-technique
as-Suwayda', "Mashnaqa Arch" or remains of a Byzantine basilica
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Mushabbak, byzantine basilica
The semi-circular towers of ar-Raqqa Wall
A room in the family wing (haramlik or juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Western and eastern altars which are fully preserved, al-Karasi
[ Description by author: "Die Sitze". Es sind vier Altäre, die in Form einer Raute aufgestellt sind - der vierte stand hinter zwischen den beiden voll erhaltenen. Die längere Achse - hier vom rechten zwischen den beiden anderen nach links - velief S > N, die voll erhaltenen sind also der westliche und der östliche Altar. Sie tragen Inschriften in Griechisch und Aramäisch (vgl. Bild 0571, 0572 und 0574, 0575 !), die besagen, dass die Altäre im Jahre 144 n. Chr. auf Kosten des Staatsschatzes errichtet wurden. Man vermutet, dass sie dem Schutz einer neuen Obstpflanzung dienten - noch heute, wenn auch auf den Fotos nicht zu sehen, wachsen viele Bäume in der Gegend, weswegen man die Altäre auch nur schwer findet ....... - Der GPS-Tag für diese sieben Bilder ist sehr approximativ ! ]
Part of Damascus City Wall to the east of the city
Building the walls of the example dome house in Taanayel (Libanon)
The picture shows the ready mud bricks and the first stage of building the walls of the traditional Syrian dome house in Taanayel
Western facade of the Seraya complex (Maʿbad Zeus), Qanawat
[Original: Zweigeschossige Fassade mit drei rechteckigen Portalen (prostyler Tempel aus der 2. Hälfte des 2. Jhs, im 5. Jh. christlich überarbeitet)]
Three burial tombs in the rocks, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Ganz "klassiche" Anlage mit Anordnung der drei "Särge" als Triclinium. Die sorgfältige Ausführung spricht für "bessere Leute": für den Abt (die Äbte) oder gar den Gründer des Klosters ? Vgl. Bild 0907 ! ]
an-Nabi Huri (Cyrrhus), View from inside the Roman mausoleum
Exterior view of Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'', Damascus
Bimaristan Arghun, general view of the southern courtyard
Khusrawiyya-complex, view of the Mosque in 2010
ar-Rusafa, Capital on the interior façade of the North Gate,
Syriac tombs in Jabal ʿAruda
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; National Museum Damascus, from ar-Raqqa
One of the entrances to Harim Castle
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, section east-west, view to north
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 45, ruler.
Bimaristan Arghun, southern courtyard - view the dome pendantives and the iwan
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, the great iwan dome
An olive grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
A scenary in the Ghouta of a field filled with perennial olive trees. It seems, from the ladder leaning on a tree, that it is the harvest season.
Archaeological excavation in Kharab Sayyar
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, facade and entrance of the prayer hall
Khan at-Tutun, courtyard
Remains of arches in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Busra, General view of Busra citadel
On the photo it was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, cathedral apse - columns with Corinthian capitals
[Original: Medrese Halawiya (gegenüber dem Westeingang der Großen Moschee): quadrat. Kuppelraum mit östlicher apsidialer Säulenstellung; vermutl. urspr. byz. Tetrakonchos Ostapsis mit korinthischen Kapitellen]
View from a far to the basilica in Kharab Shams
Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem
Jurn Kabir: in 1998 brooms were still made by hand in some villages
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of the minaret
The only minaret in Aleppo with two galleries.
Orchards in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
General view of the Umayyad Mosque, Damascus
Inner courtyard, vault, corridor, minaret, dome
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Madrasat al-Firdaws, courtyard and arcades
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, corbel with muqarnas supporting an arch in the inner portico
Mosaic of Orpheus, Shahba Museum
Lintel of the entrance of a hall in the roman religious complex, Mnin
[ Description by author: Detail aus dem Türsturz der kleinen Halle. ]
Installation of tied and dyed warp threads for weaving in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Punch cards for jacquard looms with woven sample for silk fabric in the Mezannar textile factory in Damascus
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, main entrance
Stamping machine for punch cards for the Jacquard looms in the textile factory Mezannar in Damascus
East and south side of the cella of Bel Temple
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Jaʿbar castle, southern side of the castle
Detail drawing of the relocated portal in al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami
Reusing a portal for the new facade of al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami after demolishing a part during enlargement of the street: detail plan drawings of the relocated portal from a demolished palace/ mansion, registered under 157A, 22A in Syrian monuments list, and originally located in cad. no. VII-1-1 3777. Scale 1:20.
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, Hama
A female Kurdish tribe leader wearing a screen-printed headscarf called Habari
ʿAyn Dara, Bas-relief motif decorating some steps of the main entrance, southern façade of Ishtar Temple
Terrace with portico in the upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm
Manbij, Vegetable and fruit vendor in the centre
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak
Restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - exterior view
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
An alley in Halbun town
Shahba, Exterior view of the Roman Theatre/ Philippopolis
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), hall facade situated on eastern side of the courtyard
Aliya Alnuami is applying the relief paste on her ‘Ajami-work
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Garbage on the edge of an orchard in the Ghouta of Damascus
Noria (water wheel) axis
The wooden axis of the noria is called the heart. It stands on wooden bases that are placed on steady stable stone foundations at the bottom of the river.
Facade of the turbine house of Assad dam of the Euphrates, whose supplies large parts of Northern Syria with electricity
A street scene in one of the suqs of Dayr az-Zawr
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Destruction of the northern part of the western entrance. The space is 23 according to the ground plan.
Corinthian capital of a pillar, Agora
[ Description by author: Kapitell des Pfeilers mit vorgelegter Halbsäule von Bild 0711. ]
A seller of diesel fuel, Raqqa
The handles of the main door of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
Weekly market in Maskana, at the end of a sales day
Al-Madrasa as-Sulaymaniyya (minor Takiyya), courtyard with fountain, arch arcades and mosque
[ Description by author: mit ähnlicher Grundstruktur, errichtet um 1570 unmittelbar östlich an der Takiya. Blick von ~ Norden über den Innenhof mit Becken auf die Moschee. Die Anlage dient heute für Werkstätten des klassischen Kunsthandwerks: man kauft hier teils Besseres und auf alle Fälle presigünstiger als im Sûq al-Hamadiya. ]
Aliya Alnuami
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, dome of the prayer hall
Wakil house, dome of the reception hall
A view of the hall’s dome from the outside, where the rectangular windows appear clearly on the neck of the dome.
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa", Palace D, stucco decorations
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior
The hall has a rectangular ground plan. Based on a square middle room, it is divided by 12 pillars, all spanned by pointed arches, into 20 compartments of two different forms: two narrow oblong ones each on three sides of the central area (see picture 5) and two smaller square ones each in the adjacent corner areas. Between the pillar pairs that frame an oblong compartment stands a column each with octagonal shaft and multifaceted capital, which is formed by small geometric cells (muqarnas). Towards the side of the windowed entrance wall, the hall is only one bay deep. The courtyard side with its second row of pillars functioned as a kind of entrance portico, being once opened by four high pointed arches within the outside wall. The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola. The other parts are covered with elongated, flattened vaults and small domes according the respective compartment form
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the trail around the two castles
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Hof gegen Tarma
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen - the dome from the inside
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The minaret seen from the street
Khan Qurdbak, southern and eastern porticos
Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, general view into the turba
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, portal gate
An open sky passage in the Castle of Harim
Old Damasccus, an artisan engraves on copper vessel
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the main entrance from the outside
Hama, The historic alley leading to al-ʿAzm Palace
The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami in Qasr al-ʿAzm
Southwest Tower, Khan al-Hallabat
[ Description by author: (der linke von Bild 0944), gesehen von Südosten. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin
A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
Cows in a grove, the Ghouta of Damascus
Statue of a benefactor on a column along the Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: und Würdenträgers. Wie Bild 0658, aber frontal. ]
Agriculture on a mountain slope in Jabal al-ʿArab
Jabla, Entrance of the Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim
View from afar to al-Mudiq Citadel
Bayt Dallal, decorated stone at the iwan stair
[Original: Steingitter d. Kellerfensters v.d. Liwan]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Jurn Kabir, Girls from Habuba Kabira are preparing the lime milk from local chalk
Part of the walls, Qalʿat Harim
Raqqa, Western Palace, aerial view of excavation site
The aerial picture shows how the site looked during its excavation. At the edge of the excavation site, clay bricks are laid out for drying. [Original on the back: '86']
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, sabil (fountain)
Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex (in situ)
Mosaic from monastery Dayr Zakka, upon Tall Bi'a; 70:16, Raq19900048.tif
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
Hiraqla victory monument: isometric reconstruction
Front facade of famous Hotel Zenobia in the ruins of Palmyra
Hiraqla victory monument: glass jar
A view from the top of Salah ad-Din Castle overlooking the coastal mountains
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
Masbanat al-Jubayli, the soap bars are stacked decoratively on top of each other for drying
Theater, view to proscenium and scenae frons
View from Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Südwesten. Der hohe Turm rechts der Bildmitte ist der des Elahbel. ]
Repairing of shoes in Suq Midhat Basha
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of eastern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Bayt Ghazala, interior view - dome of the main hall (qaʿa)
Arches carry the bridge over the Orontes River, which leads to the Shayzar Castle
A view at the Mediterranean Sea, Baniyas
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the Great Iwan)
Khan Qurdbak, courtyard and eastern portico
The wooden sarcophagus of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Der ältere (alte ?) Holz-Sarkophag Salâhu d-Dîns. Ich glaube, es ist ebenfalls ein Kenotaph, somit bliebe unklar, wo der Leichnam heute ist. (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, dome of the prayer hall (qibliyya)
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Pre-drawn patterns of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
Traditional mouth-blown glass workshops can still be found around the old town today. They started to decline in mid-20th century when industrialized glass manufactures spread.
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC
The remains of the Hittite temple on the citadel hill, discovered during excavations in the 1990s, show mixed creatures and gods on basalt relief stones.
View of the old town from Maʿlula with its traditionally light blue painted facades
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the ruin of the twin crusader castle
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall - octagonal neck of the dome
Khan Qurdbak, entrance
Habuba Kabira, clay bricks are drying - at the edge of the village, because there is enough space
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
Raqqa, Exterior view of the Raqqa Museum
Ghuta of Damascus, artificial irrigation canal system
Preparation of the design of a felt carpet in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Al-Madrasa ar-Rukniyya al-Barraniyya - the dome from inside
Salah ad-Din Castle, massive castle walls above the vertical rock face
Aerial photograph of the Bel Temple and old village houses in front of the temple
View of the courtyard of Khan al-Wazir
½ piastre, 21 mm, 1921 (French Mandate)
Roman Theater, 2nd c. AD
The theatre had been renovated before the war. It was used by ISIS for executions.
Harran al-ʿAwamid, Hayat bin Qays al-Harani mosque
View from Tall Hamidiyya to the plain, Wadi Jaghjagh and fields, © Karin Pütt (CC-BY-NC-ND)
The peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Making falafel sandwiches
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, ground plan
Size of plan 50 x 20, with ruler (no scale).
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, prayer niche decorated with geometric patterns
Damascus, copper workshop in the Straight Street, where "damascening", an old Inlay-technique is still practised
Busra, general view of the old city.
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
coins from ar-Raqqa, National Museum Damascus; A.16046
Hammam Bahram Basha, the entrance façade
Village of ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the living room of the central hall house of a Kurdish family
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex
Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, now the Riʿaya private school, Bab Tuma
Tarma. Innen
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, prayer hall
Suq Aslan Dada, general view of the suq damages, view towards south
Yabrud: shops with residential houses on the first floor, houses probably from the beginning of the 20th century
Isometrie of the Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
[Original: Grabungszeichnung. Hier ist die Rampe (vgl. Bild 1190 !) als Rampe gezeichnet, dafür fehlt bei der Treppe in der Bildmitte die Fortsetzung nach oben]
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Busra - Hammam Manjak - bathing niches in the hot section (Juwwani)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, prayer hall (qibliyya), window above the prayer niche
A lateral Iwan at Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Seitenliwan
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan
Khan Sulayman Basha, view into the courtyard
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1732. Die beiden Kuppeln existieren nicht mehr, aber auch die Bögen mit den riesigen Trompen sind eindrucksvoll. ]
50 piastres (F.A.O. coin: increasing of world food production), 23,5 mm, 1976
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, columns and pillars
A view from a high peak of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Habuba Kabira, shell of a dome house made of clay bricks
Suq az-Zarb, view towards west of the suq after the destruction
In the Euphrates valley in Jurn Kabir, shepherd herding the flocks of his village
Hama, The minaret of an-Nuri Mosque
Entrance towers on the west side, Harim Castle
Remains of a Hexastyle Temple at Shahba
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, courtyard
[Original: al-Burj al-Ayyubi]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the main entrance
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Room Berlin), details of the painted wooden panel
The painted wood panel belongs to Wakil house in Aleppo. It represents floral patterns of multiple colours.
General view of the small palace of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
[Original: 1. Anlage]
A side of the Salah ad-Din Castle
Engraving of Aglibol (god of the moon), Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0637: Aglibol an seinem Altar, hinter ihm ein Adler mit einem Palmzweig. ]
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, arcade and the prayer hall entrance
shap_import_66113
In the Orontes valley below the village of Qalʿat al-Mudiq is situated a 16th c Khan, which has become a Museum
Mary's girdle in the Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt, Homs
Bab al-Hadid, south-west facade of the gate tower
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Lateral iwan in the Dada House
Seitenliwan
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, prayer hall
Khan Qurdbak, stone ornamentaion
Detailed view of a magnificent stone ornamentation: in the window niche flanked by plaited decorative columns there is a flat relief (overlay) arch above the lintel, with joggled voussoirs in a ablaq (multicoulored) pattern. Above it, at the level of the column capitals, there is a bas-relief of geometric ribbonwork. In addition, the frame around the niche is extended by a double muqarnas band, framed by a dentil frieze
Khusrawiyya, view of complex from the citadel, Khan ash-Shuna in foreground, in 2000
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, prayer niche
shap_import_66087
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
Part of the remains of Shayzar Castle
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Afamiya Theater, remains of the scaenae frons
The nord thalamos in the cella, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Cella: Nord-Thalamos für die Götter-Triade Aglibol (Mondgott) - Bel (oberster Himmelsgott) - Yarhibol (Sonnengott). ]
Spinning with a suspended spindle
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
An inscription with an decorated frame on the wall of Masyaf Castle
Ras Shamra, Remains of the Ugarit kingdom
al-Husn Church, remains of basilica's façade, which, after its demolition, was transformed into an agricultural field
The main mihrab, which has mosaic in its dome. The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here wb.01 of the secondary space 07. is seen.
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay
[ Description by author: der Umayaden-Moschee, gesehen durch zwei Säulen des Períbolos des ehemaligen Jupiter-Tempels. Die Bögen links sind arabisch unter Verwendung antiker Säulen und Kapitelle. Gesehen vom Ostende der Haupstraße vom Sûq nach ~ Südosten. ]
A view of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains covered with snow
Aramaic inscription on the western altar, al-Karasi
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0571: die aramäische Inschrift. ]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, general view to north - courtyard, eastern arcade and iwan
The altar of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
Cushions with a self-woven cover
The eastern part of the building. This photos is of two ones, one of them is dated to 2011 and the other is taken from the net but not clear from where or when, therefore was put as no year. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني3_SYRHER]
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - one of the windows on the northern facade
Entrance of a house, Qarqabiza
[Original: Tor eines Hauses]
Hammam Bahram Basha, the dome of the inner part (juwwani)
The dome of the inner part (juwwani) of Bahram Pasha bath was built from clay-brick and is resting directly on the iwan vaults. The dome contains a large number of stained-glass openings, which are formed in various geometric shapes of stars, circles and hexagons.
Al-Senaniya Street: General View
[Original:'Straße in Damaskus']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
[ 89/45/589] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
A view towards the Euphrates, Jabal ʿAruda
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Kitchen tent with fireplace of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region
Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Inscription in al-Kahf Castle
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya) showing the niche (mihrab)
Kafr Halab village, clay dome houses
Waterfall of Zayzun in the Yarmuk valley in 1918
[Original: 'Wasserfall von Zezun im Jarmuktal']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Bimaristan an-Nuri, the courtyards western facade
Bab Antakiya, general view of the gate with the city's wall
A façade of the Shahba baths
The Shahba baths are one of the largest known baths in of the third 3rd century AD, built by Emperor Philip al-the Arabi. The picture shows a façade of one of the bath’s sections. It has a central entrance with a semi-circular arch, with two rectangular niches and on the sides two rectangular niches ending with a semi-circular arch.
Hiraqla victory monument, Western gate - decorative stone panel
East side of the old suqs.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/995] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Model of the original setting of the reception room of Beit Wakil (Aleppo Room in the Museum for Islamic Art, State Museums Berlin)
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Restoration works
A shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya, Old City of Damascus
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Damascene painted tiles over the windows, as-Sinaniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Detail: Lünetten mit bemalten Kacheln über den Fenstern. ]
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall
[Original: Ausgrabung Kai Kohlmeyer]
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Außenseite, frontal von ~ Südwesten. Vgl. Bild 1614 !
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Restoration works
Nomad tents on the outskirts of the Ghuta of Damascus
The place of al-Ashnan watermill on the foot of Qasyun mountain
shap_import_77199
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
Remains of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: mit dem Becken (Stufen !) und seinem Peristyl. Ganz links die Nordwest-Ecke des Peribolos des Bel-Tempels, weiter rechts der Monumentalbogen von innen, im Bogen die arabische Bastion. Ganz rechts das Propylon der Thermen. Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-West. ]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - inscription documenting the date of building accomplishment
The Euphrates in Raqqa
Baalshamin Temple, view from east
The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel
Interior view of the cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa, Tartus museum today
Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the suq to the west
ar-Rusafa, Basilica C, View towards the apse
[Original: k.K6/=HQ k.K5]
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - courtyard surrounded by arcades
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, nave looking west
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th c. AD
al-Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya, Decorative details in the eastern facade
[ Description by author: und Schriftband an der Ostwand der Madrasa, vgl. Bild 0235 ! ]
A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
Bayt Ajiqbash, carved stone at the courtyard
A suq in Raqqa
The foothills of Antilibanon- Mountains overlooking the Zabadani plain
Khan al-Hibal, the stairs leading to the upper floor
Children are preparing themselve for a wedding procession. The two small children are still wearing their school uniform
A woman putting mud in molds to form bricks in a village in Raqqa
A stairway leading to the upper floor, Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Part of the main façade of Roman South Temple in ʿAtil
Roman temple
Temple of Bel, 1st c. AD
This center of religious life was dedicated to the Mesopotamian weather god Baal. ISIS bombed he temple in 2015 .
al-Hayr al-Sharqi Palace, Inside of the early Umaiyad desert castle (Western complex)
Palmyra / Tadmur, General view of Baalshamin Temple
[Original: Baal-Schamin-Tempel, 130 - 150 n. Chr.]
The monastery of Mar Taqla
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Raqqa, Great Mosque; Aerial view
A view towards the Euphrates, Jabal ʿAruda
Khan Qurtbak, southern part of Khan - the inner courtyard and the iwan of the Mamluk palace
Mediterranean Sea in Tartus
Northeast Tower, Khan al-Hallabat
[ Description by author: (der rechte von Bild 0944) und Eingang, gesehen von Südosten. ]
Man with fresh bread
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak
A passageway in Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Corinthian capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Spolie am größeren Bau im Hof der Moschee. [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
Afamiya, columns in the ruins
shap_import_44106
Tall Mumbaqa, Feast in a goat-hair tent during the excavation
Man dancing to the tunes of a flute at a party of the excavation
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, decorations at the top of tower gate
[Original: Turm links]
Hadrian’s Arch, 3rd century AD, view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and southern iwan (the great iwan)
An aerial photograph of the village of Shaykh Hilal
The picture shows the distribution of buildings according to a rectilinear plan, and it is possible to identify many of the domed houses and houses with flat roofs that contain gardens.
Bimaristan Arghun, passageway
Bimaristan an-Nuri, door puller of main wooden entrance door
General view of Bel Temple with the palm trees
[ Description by author: Areal des Bel-Tempels, gesehen von ~ Westen. ]
A view from Jabal ʿAruda toward the plain of Manbij
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - entrance blocked by a wall with a door opening surmounted by an arch
On the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
A niche in an exterior wall of Harim Castle
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the east section of the great hall
A side from the Citadel of Busra
[Originalbeschriftung: HQ-k.K7]
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), Central courtyard and chapel
Damascus, Hammam al-Qaramani
Arch with tympanum of a gate? Hammam al-Qaramani
General view showing the remains of city wall on the right
[ Description by author: In der Mitte das Tempelgrab, ganz rechts ein Turm der Mauer, dahinter Säulen vom 3. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße, links oben die Burg. Blick nach ~ Norden. ]
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
Vicinity of Tall Abyad, shell of the house with flattened domes and opening in one dome
Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018
The modern city was heavily destroyed by bomb attacks on the "capital" of the IS in 2017.
A side of Kharbaqa Dam, spring
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, cross surrounded by decorations
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, western facade
Hammam Bahram Basha, plant motifs above the main entrance
View of the town of Halbun in the 1960s with gardens
Drawings at the entrance Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
[Original: Malerei im Tor]
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance
shap_import_64337
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Raqqa VIII; North-East Complex, s.SW-Neg.89/551
Small river in Baniyas
ar-Raqqa - Qasr al-Banat, the courtyard surrounded by four iwans
Jisr ash-Shughur, the ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle
General view of Euphrates valley at Dayr az-Zawr countryside
An olive and vegetable grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Khan Qurdbak, iwan with basement of neighbouring qaʿa
Khan Qurdbak. ground floor plan of iwan with basement of Qaa in Bayt Haj Musa al-Amiri. GW 688, originally part of Khan Hajj Mussa al-Amiri, also on plan: iwan of Khan Qurdbak ([26a] / for description: see book Suwayaqt Ali, p. 33. size of plan 42 x 30. Ruler.
A village with reed thatched roofed houses in al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Dorf mit z.T. traditionellen schilfgedeckten Häusern im Ghab-Gebiet]
Burj al-Ghanam, partial view of the tower's south eastern facade
shap_import_63420
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, prayer hall - historic photo of the collapsed central dome
Muqarnas-Zwickel der Grabkuppel
Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]
shap_import_44762
Deserted houses in Jabal al-Hus south of Aleppo
View at a group of abandoned, deserted dome houses appear to be in a poor condition.
Raqqa countyside, shepherd with traditional woolen coat in the village Suwaydiyya Kabira
Transporting sugar beets in al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Zuckerrübentransport im Ghab]
A view of the Orontes river near Darkush
Khan al-Hibal, the southern facade from inside
General view to the lower parts of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Tall Bdiri, Abondened house with buttresses in the wall and at the door
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, the prayer niche (mihrab)
shap_import_64448
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - shard
Tall Aswad; Pottery Fragment; ROM 17
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, muqarnas decorating the upper part of the entrance
Women wearing screen-printed headscarfs (Habari)
Tartus, Qalʿat al-Marqab, Crusader castle, a courtyard in the castle.
A view of the Mosque of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya with Qasyun mountain in the background
Dada House, a view of courtyard seen from the Iwan
Hof vom Liwan aus gesehen
One of the three minor mihrabs, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Einer der drei Neben-Mahârîb: jeder ist einer anderen Rechtsschule zugeteilt. Vgl. Bild 0225 ! ]
Tall Mumbaqa, Women prepare food for the banquet of the excavation
A sculpture of a woman, showing clothes and jewelry details
Piece in the courtyard, terrace of the northern riwaq.
Aleppo: cadastral plots plan of northern quarters of ancient city
Draft plan of cadastral plots of northern quarters of old city: Hayy al-Judayda, Hayy Qastal al-Musht, Hayy al-Almaji and Hayy al-Hazzaza
A view shows monasteries and residential buildings, Saydnaya
Aerial photo of the Jabal Haramun (Mont Hermon)
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Qal‘at Shayzar (castle), The stairs leading to the entrance
Ghuta of Damascus, olive trees in a grove
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the upper part of the wooden prayer niche
Bimaristan an-Nuri, The main entrance decorated with muqarnas
View of al-Marqab castle overlooking the Mediterranean Sea
Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat, an octagonal basin in the centre of the courtyard
General view over al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Ostabfall des Ansariyengebirges u. Ghab-Niederung]
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
[Original: Grabturm in Palmyra]
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, minaret
A staircase was leading up to upper floor at Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
shap_import_48446
Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu
Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu in the modern village Tall Shaykh Hamad. Taken on: Exhibition stand "Umwelt und Technik vor 3500 Jahren" on Hannover Messe 1983
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the body of the minaret is rich in decorations
[ Description by author: Fenster-Etage oberhalb des Sockels. ]
[Institut Français du Proche Orient]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, main entrance and minaret
Hillside houses of Armanaz on a mountain slope
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Very well preserved domed rooms of a farmstead in an Assyrian village
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, general view from outside
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate (Bab) as seen from outside the fence
Raq19820005.tif
Habuba Kabira, mixture of sifted raw loam, chaff and water to produce clay bricks therefrom
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, prayer hall - the muqarnas squinch of the dome
Bayt Wakil, reception hall - western wing
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
The entrance contains inscriptions on three bays.
Exterior view of al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus
[ Description by author: [Original: Außenseite, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Vgl. Bild 0323 !] ]
Yabrud: Outer wall of the Greek Orthodox church "Konstantin and Helena", which once belonged to a temple
Remains of ar-Raqqa Wall built of mud brick
A side of Ibn Maʿn Castle
Church of the monk Buhayra, Busra
[Original: Bahira-Basilika, paganer Profanbau des 3. Jhs. n.Chr., der später christianisiert wurde -Außenansicht]
Sahat (Square) al-Marja in the early 20th century
[Original:'Damaskus: Telegrafendenkmal']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the North Gate
Symetrical gate composition: higher middle gate, topped with semi circular arch. View from south.
Door and windows of a room in the ground floor, Khan Sulayman Basha al-ʿAzm
[ Description by author: Türen und Fenster im Erdgeschoss. Vgl. Bild 0314 ! ]
Raqqa, Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Excavations
Maronite Cathedral, the nave
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
View from the Philippeion to the city, Shahba
View of al-Marqab castle
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, courtyard - lobed angle fountain
shap_import_66077
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard
The entrance of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya is richly decorated with ablaq masonry, a muqarnas vault and inscriptions
Telegraph column, Sahat (square) al-Marja
Manbij, Bakery of flat bread with oven
Raqqa - finds discovered in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex
Ra O-OK 221 Oil lamp, side-face. [original: 'Öllampe, seitenansicht']. [ 89/53/837] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the entrance from the interior
Raqqa - Glass discovered at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Northern Complex; glass jar (fragmented)
Natural view near the village of ʿArna on Jabal ash-Shaykh
Ghuta of Damascus, aerial photograph of some orchards
Farmers in the Ghouta of Damascus have adopted a dense and mixed farming pattern of diverse vegetables, fruits, trees and aromatic plants. The residences are placed in the orchards.
A view of the main facade, the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, entrance to the prayer hall
Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Castle), The mosque of Hasan Jalal ad-Din
Courtyard with dome houses in Shaykh Hilal
This picture shows one of the daily-life activities of hanging laundry in the courtyard of a domed house.
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, marble prayer niche
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font
Raqqa, a side of Qasr al-Banat
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila, courtyard and ablution fountain
An olive grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Habuba Kabira, Mud brick construction - connection of wall, belt arch and dome rounding
Hama, general view of the "Four Norias", the two Bischriyyat and two Uthmaniyyat
View from southwest the Orontes/ al-ʿAsi up to the four water wheels. On the right side the terrace of an restaurant
Protection of archaeological site of Mari (Tall al-Hariri) with temporary coverage
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Remains of an ancient minaret in Khirbat as-Sarayij
A distant view of the coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
VW-"beatle" in the center of the Ghab Plain
Citadel of Aleppo, a view from the main entrance showing the Gate Tower
Palmyra, Grave in Diocletian's Camp
[ Description by author: Inneres des Grabes von Bild 0759. ]
Maqam Ughulbak, general view from the outside
View, from south, at northern overbuilt part of Suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (Picciotto house)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Citadel of Aleppo, minaret of the Great Mosque
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Afamiya, a side of ruins
Habuba Kabira, master builder and his helper constructing the walls of a mud brick house
Hammam an-Nahhasin, the cold section (barrani)
The platforms of the external section (barrani) are divided by wooden barriers with geometric forms, and the walls are also covered with wooden panels. Due to the continuous use of this bathroom, the platforms are upholstered for the convenience of visitors.
Shahba, Women in traditional dresses doing the laundry
At-Tabqa , Jaʿbar Castle, Bastion with loopholes.
Shops for buying traditional utensils in Raqqa
Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house
Temple of ad-Dumayr from the inside
[ Description by author: Gesehen nach ~ Nordwesten. Man blickt auf die innere Schmalwand mit rechts und links den beiden "Kammern" (deren Rückwand die originale äußere ~ Westwand ist) und in der Mitte dem Durchgang, dessen "Rückwand" die islamische Zumauerung bildet. Vgl. Bild 0384 - 0386 ! ]
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, details of the entrance muqarnas
Jarada, tower
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; Palace D, ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette
Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, decorations with colorful marble
Bayt Junblat, northern iwan - decoration of faience tiles
General view of Notre Dame de Saydnaya
[ Description by author: von ~ Südosten. In dem Felssockel rechts befindet sich das Grab mit den Figuren von Bild 0420.- Trotz obiger Zuordnung (nach den wichtigsten Ausbau-Stufen): die Ursprünge der Anlage gehen in byzantinische Zeit zurück und sollen in Zusammenhang mit einem Erlebnis des Kaisers Justinian stehen: eine von ihm verfolgte Gazelle verwandelte sich in ein Marienbild (des Lukas ...), das die Erbauung einer Kirche an dieser Stelle verlangte und seither Wunder tat. ]
A wall painting from Zimri-Lim’s palace in Mari (Tall al-Hariri), which is known as "The Ordinator of the Sacrifice" (ca. 1780 BC) and hangs in the Louvre.
Section of a wall painting, where a large figure (here not visible) is the king, depicted presiding over a ritual sacrifice. [Original: Malerei aus Mari]
The dome house in Taanayel: final touches
A view of the dome house after the process of plastering with lime. In the photo we can see the entrance to one of the rooms and a small window in the other room.
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima - exterior view of the minaret
Hand printed fabric combining plant and animal motifs
Bimaristan Arghun, passageway
A renovated Aleppine house in al-Jallum neighborhood
The courtyard of one of a traditional Aleppine house on one summer night filled with music.
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, prayer niche decorated with geometric patterns
Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of southern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
The window topped by an inscription panel
A view of the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Jisr Dayr az-Zawr, al-Furat
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Der Süd(?)flügel mit dem großen Iwân, gesehen von ~ Norden, wohl aus dem Iwân des Nordflügels. Das Gebäude stammt aus der 2. Hälfte des 16. Jhs.. Vgl. Bild 1302 - 1306 !].
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Street facade of a house in an Assyrian village, that still kept one domed room.
A group of camels near as-Sabʿa Biyar, Syrian Desert
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
[86/190/1240a] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. [Original on the back: 'ar-Raqqa, Grabüng Ost (1986), Westpalst'. 'Alt:10/86/39']
The back arch belongs to the Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: in der Säulenstraße beim südöstlichen Abgang der Rundstraße ums Theater. Der hintere Bogen gehört zur Kolonnade, der vordere entspricht der Linie der Häuserfronten. Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, remains of the Column of Saint Simeon the Stylite
St. Simeon is said to have spent part of his life here and perched on a column. The column’s remains are located in the middle of the octogonal central building.
Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard
Hiraqla victory monument
Photo (MM: DAI 93/156)
Tall Mumbaqa, View to the north: shore of Assad-Lake with pumps
Irrigation pumps on the reservoir bank
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, western facade
Al-Madrasa al Kamiliyya, Iwan of the courtyard
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), cross section of the facade
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
[1985/50/750] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Eastern entrance of Suq al-Hamidiyya, Old Damascus
Storage vessel made of mud-clay slurry in the niche of a transversal arch house
Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, faience tiles decoration above a window
[Original: 'Jâmi' al-'Âdiliya, Halab / Aleppo. Fayence-Dekor, vgl. den aus der Takiya as-Sulaimâniya in Dimashq Bild 0122, 0123 !'].
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, a groin vault in the entrance
shap_import_65983
Exterior view of Hammam al-Qaramani, dome of frigidarium (barrani)
[ Description by author: Süd- oder West-Seite. Vgl. Bild 0139 ! ]
Agriculture in the Syrian Jazira
Arch of the remains of Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (Palace)
[ Description by author: Blick nach Osten - vielleicht durch das Westtor ? Oder geht der Blick durch die Ostmauer auf andere Gebäude (z.B. den Khân) ? ]
Courtyard of Arwad citadel
The Khabur river near Raʾs al-ʿAyn, a small cable ferry from empty barrels for crossing the river
Courtyard on the upper floor, Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
An aerial view of a water canal in the village of Shaykh Hilal
This image shows clearly the path of an old waterway. The residents make holes to clean the canals and they are visible on the surface. Olive trees spread near the canal.
Aerial photograph of Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains) with Barada valley
Decoration on the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)
[ Description by author: - wo genau ? ]
A view of the inner courtyard, al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Hof mit Liwan und Seitenliwan
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, the prayer hall's facade
A carpet manufacturer rolls out a finished felt carpet in his workshop in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen
Near Qa'alt ar-Rahaba, grave Shikh Anis. [Original:'bei Qal'at ar-Rahba, Grabbau = Saih Anis']
View of Eastern Palace, ar-Raqqa
Raqqa - Qasr al-Banat - stone decorations
Neg. Nr. 83/54
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of a tower
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Theater
Krak des Chevaliers, courtyards
Bayt Junblat, southern Iwan - decoration detail of marble and ceramic tiles
Aleppo in the 1930s, aerial view in northwest direction with the citadel and the old town in the background
On the left side of this picture you can see the areas of the bazaar with the big mosque. On the gate of the citadel you can still see the remains of the domes of the throne hall. On the back of the photos: [1988/144]. On the back of the photos: ['1988/203']. [Objekt: Reproduktion SW-Fotos, 24.Juni 1988, Peter Grunwald, Film 1 (2), Ende Film 2]
Jaʿbar Castle, Minaret of the mosque
Tall al-Mishrifa (ancient Qatna), view of the historic citywall, within which the village is located
City wall and village houses
Manufacture of local handmade carpets, Qanawat
Relief showing an angel among fruits and pine cones, Temple of Baal
[ Description by author: Relief. In der Mitte ein geflügelter Genius, der mich irgendwie an die assyrischen erinnert. Links von ihm u.a. Pinienzapfen, ein Symbol der Fruchtbarkeit Die Früchte (?) rechts scheinen mir Granatäpfel zu sein, dagegen sprechen aber die Einkerbungen. Die Anordnung gemahnt irgendwie an die "Brüste" der Artemis von Ephesus ....... ]
Qalʿat (castle) Yahmur, Main entrance of the fortified tower
The Great Colonnade, Palmyra
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, the kitchen entrance
shap_import_65818
Umayyad Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Umawi), an exterior view of the ʿArus minaret at the northern facade
The lower part dates to the 9th century, and the upper structure is reconstructed from the late 12th century.
Big stairs lead to the upper floor, Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Die große Rampe im Nordwestteil des Palastes (nach rechts geht es zur großen Treppe). Auf einem Internet-Bild wird sie als (Rampe einer) "Ziggurat" bezeichnet, dann stünden wohl der Rote Tempel / Ishtar-Tempel D auf dieser Ziggurat. Arber: wie passt das mit dem Palast zusammen ? Oder stammt diese Ziggurat aus der zweiten Blütezeit von Ebla und hat den Palast (teilweise) überlagert ? [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Restaurant with terrasse and fountain in Mnin
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the courtyard and the colonnaded portico
Mnin, Traditional village houses at the foot of the Qalamun Mountains
Architectural remains of the graveyard near Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
An abandoned rural noria on the Orontes river
In the rural area of an-Nasiriyya, north of Hama, there are remnants of a noira on the Orontes River, where its stone base and remnants of the aqueduct with its pillars appear.
Temple of Mushannaf, southwest corner, pilaster capital
Afamiya, remains of colossal columns
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Ploughing at a grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, internal view of the portal
an-Nabi Huri (Cyrrhus), Roman hexagonal mausoleum, 3rd century
Jurn Kabir, Well on the shore terrace, overlooking the wide flood plain of the Euphrates, which was flooded in the Tishrin reservoir
ar-Rusafa, view into a conche of the Tetraconch-Church
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
The cold (barrani) section of as-Salamiyya historical bath
In this cold section, called the barrani”, the picture shows three iwans with vaulted ceilings, enclosing a small courtyard of which in the middle is a water fountain. The appearing iwans contain small niches and seating platforms (sing. mastaba) that also feature many niches at the bottom.
Hiraqla victory monument - plan of ground level
Reconstruction drawing of gound level. Plan showing walls. (with ruler)
Interior view with fresco paintings, Tomb of the Three Brothers
Damascus, Hammam al-Qaramani
A door - originally a high-lying window? Hammam al-Qaramani
General view of as-Sabuniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: mit Minarett und Eingangs-"Iwân". Die Madrasa stammt aus dem Jahre 1458 (1464 ?). Gesehen (wohl) von ~ Osten. ]
Brocade in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Top view of a group of traditional houses in Saydnaya
View from the monastery entrance, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Blick etwa vom Klostereingang. Zu sehen ein Wasserkanal und hinten rechts davon ein Becken, vgl. Bild 0896 ! ]
General view of Damascus citadel from northwest
The two rectangular towers that protected the citadel from the west appear clearly in the picture. Hidden behind the bushes, is the statue of Salah al-Din riding his horse.
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, plan and four elevations of room
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 55. Ruler.
Halabiyya, entrance to the Praetorium, which is integrated into the city wall and dates from the time of Justinian.
Tourist camels, Palmyra
[Original: Palmyra. Touristenkamele]
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction
Al-Bara, oil mill, 5th-6th c.
Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak
Capital in the Byzantine Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Ein anderer Typ der byzantinischen Kapitelle. Im Hintergrund Trommeln von Halbsäulen. ]
The historical watermill of ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Damascus,Umayyad Mosque, pigeons in the courtyard
Pigeons in the courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque
Qunaya: in the Museum of the Monastery of St Simeon
The museum shows everyday objects as they are often found in the earth still today: pearls, bracelets, spindles, etc.
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, eastern Qaʿa, section north-south, view to east
"Small" qaa, view to east, double window partly reconstructed in drawing. Size of plan 70 x 50, with ruler (no scale).
View into tent of nomadic family of Tayy-tribe
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, gate portal
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of textile manufacturing
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of the prayer niche (mihrab)
Afamiya, Northern Roman baths
Bayt Junblat, the northern iwan decorated with marble and ceramic tiles
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Inneres des Nord-Iwâns.].
Ceiling of the prayer hall, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Ein Stück Decke, vermutlich ijm Transept. ]
Remains of the western entrance to the Temple of Jupiter, behind it the minaret of Qaytbay
Maintenance work in the course of the Barada River, Damascus
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior
The hall has a rectangular ground plan. Based on a square middle room, it is divided by 12 pillars, all spanned by pointed arches, into 20 compartments of two different forms: two narrow oblong ones each on three sides of the central area (see picture 5) and two smaller square ones each in the adjacent corner areas. Between the pillar pairs that frame an oblong compartment stands a column each with octagonal shaft and multifaceted capital, which is formed by small geometric cells (muqarnas). Towards the side of the windowed entrance wall, the hall is only one bay deep. The courtyard side with its second row of pillars functioned as a kind of entrance portico, being once opened by four high pointed arches within the outside wall. The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola. The other parts are covered with elongated, flattened vaults and small domes according the respective compartment form
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
Habuba Kabira, screening of barley as seed by the grandmother
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
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Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain
Excavation work, Madinat al-Far
General view of the Valley of Tombs
[Original: Palmyra u. Nekropole]
West Syria, access to the Salah ad-Din Castle carved through two artificial crevices, 12th c.
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Architectural remains of Dayr (Monastery) Subat, al-Bara
An abandoned building in Circassian district, Raqqa
[Original: Tscherkessenviertel]
(Bath) Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit - plan
Palmyra, scenery in the valley of the tombs, showing a group of tower tombs
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
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View of Mar Taqla Monastery, Maʿlula
[Original: Maalulla- Thekla-Kloster]
Maronite Cathedral, lower part of one of the cathedral towers
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Details of decoration on the Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph)
[ Description by author: - wo genau ? ['Monumentalbogen, ??/??/2002'] ]
Krak des Chevaliers, Gothic vaults in the loggia
Salkhad - The Ayyubid minaret
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, column with its capital
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the southern hall
Chinese cloud motifs on the top side of the panel, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Remains of the Jupiter temple in Damascus
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
[Original: Größeres Grabmal (im Grundriß quadratischer Raumkubus mit pyramidalem Dach), sp. 6. Jh.]
Balcony above main portal of Khan al-Harir
Euphrates plain near the mouth of the Sajur, limestone massif on the south side ((before the flooding of lake Tishrin)
Remain of City Wall, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Nordwesten. Vor der Mauer ganz rechts der Annex, zwischen den beiden Mauern liegt die Agora, bei der Säule ist der Eingang zum Bankettsaal, darüber die Burg. Im Verlauf der Mauer erkennt man ganz hinten das Diokletians-Lager.- Die Mauer wird bald als Diokletianisch, bald als Justinianisch bezeichnet: vermutlich unter Diokletian (rund 300 n. Chr.) erbaut und unter Justinian (ca. 550. n. Chr.) erneuert / verstärkt. ]
Bayt Ghazala, main entrance gate
Suq Aslan Dada, rebuilding of northern entrance, view towards south
Wakil House, decorated windows
Decorations of window openings of Wakil house, which are stone panels carved with geometric and vegetal forms that crown the window on top.
The bronze Telegraph Column at al-Marja Square
Krak des Chevaliers in West Syria, 12th C.
Entrance of Suq al-Hamidiyya in the eighties of the 20th century, Damascus
A manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Remains of tower tomb
[ Description by author: Blick in die Cella von ~ Südwesten. ]
Izraʿ - Kanisat (chrurch) Mar Jirjis - plan
St. Georg
View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Islamic Museum
Modern painted panels with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
The most decorated facade of the mosque which can be seen from afar.
Khan al-Jumruk, interior facade of the khan's entrance
A view of al-Marqab castle located on a high hill
Remains of Busra cathedral
Afamiya, a side of ruins
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat
[original: Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat']. [83/156/1772] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos: [1983/156]
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, minaret above the main entrance
View from southwest, Agora
[ Description by author: Blick von ~ Südwesten diagonal über den Platz mit Resten der Portiken. Ganz rechts ein Durchgang zum Annex., vgl. Bild 0711 ! ]
Figurine of a lion on the fountain edge, at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya
[ Description by author: Der Löwe von Bild 0124 von der anderen Seite. ]
Public street life in Raqqa
Afamiya, remains of the colonnaded street (Cardo Maximus)
An entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Capital of the corner column, portico of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Tele-Ausschnitt aus Bild 0609: das Kapitell der Eck"säule". Diese Eck"säule" ist von außen gesehen ein Pfeiler, von innen sind es zwei Halbsäulen in die beiden Richtungen (vgl. Bild 0611 !). Das Ganze hat einen herzförmigen Querschnitt, s. entsprechende Fotos bei den Beirut- und Ba'labak-Bildern ! ]
Old rural house, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: mit Dekor, irgendwo im Ort (der GPS-Tag soll nur den Ort angeben). ]
General view of Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: sakraler Zentralbau und Palast, Palast]
Courtyard and mosque, at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya
[ Description by author: und Innenhof mit Wasserbecken, gesehen von ~ Nodwesten. Links ein Ausstellungsstücke der Armee: irgendeine MIG ....... ]
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, Corinthian marble capital decorating the prayer niche
A view of the fortification, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Mari (Tall Hariri), a side of the architectural remains
Noria (waterwheel) in Hama
The fine details of the norias are clearly visible. In the background the vaults of the water channel can be seen.
Port expansion in Tartus
Extension of port, working with cranes
General view of Ibn Maʿn Castle
[Original: Burg oberh. v. Palmyra]
Khan al-Jumruk, general view
Chickpeas
Bayt Mustafa al-Jabiri (Bayt cad. VII 2056) before belonging to waqf al-Jabiri
Size of plan 55 x 45. with ruler (no scale)
Hammam al-Bayyada, the main entrance
Great Mosque, damage mapping
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Small vaulted passageway, Qalʿat Harim
A view of al-Marqab castle from the bottom of the hill
House Wakil, 1976, daily life scene in courtyard
Everyday life in a courtyard of the House Wakil, from which the so-called Aleppo Room of the Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin originates. At times the house served as an orphanage for the Greek Orthodox Church.
Traditional houses of the town of Darkush, located on the Orontes river
Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), inscription beside the gate from the outside
On the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Conservation of the Aleppo Room in the Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (after)
The church of St Peter?, Saydnaya
[ Description by author: oder kleiner Tempel, Genaueres war nicht zu finden. Heute eine Kirche, Mar Butrus. Das Gebäude befindet sich in "100 yards" Entfernung vom Marienkloster, ich habe aber auf den Google-Karten nichts entdeckt und darum keinen GPS-Tag gesetzt. Eventuell steht es links an dem Kreisel südöstlich des Klosters, d.h. in der Nähe des Standortes von Bild 0419.- Zum Eingang links vgl. Bild 0422 ! ]
Side facade of a byzantine church, al-Bara
Suq Aslan Dada, reconstruction of northern entrance, view towards south
Public street life in Raqqa
A side of Agora
[ Description by author: Gesehen nach West-Süd-West. Ist das hier der Altar, und der Mauerdurchbruch die Nische für das Götterbild / den Betyl ? ]
Remains of a façade of the Roman temple, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Fassade, gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Al-Khusrawiyya, Friday Mosque, 1547
Irrigation fields of ʿAyn at-Tina in Qalamun (mountainous region in southwest Syria)
The village itself lies in the middle ground above the level of the irrigated field terraces: In the background, the Eocene limestone layer of the Jebel Maaloula with up to 1913 m above sea level.
Salkhad - historical pond (birket)
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates River, Dayr az-Zawr
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the cold section (barrani)
Aleppo, Khan as-Sabun, view at eastern arcade in the first floor
Agricultural terraces in The Anti-Lebanon Mountains
A woman with her children and a spindle in her left hand
In the background lies a self-woven rug
Main entrance of Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, Hama
Hammam Bahram Basha, the entrance facade
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, entrance portal, building ornaments made of carved stones
Afamiya, View to the north- the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
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The Great Colonnade
Sphinx in the Temple of 'Ayn Dara
Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
The Mediterranean coast of Baniyas city in 1960s
Turbat az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall of the mausoleum
al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya [ Description by author: Ecke zwischen ~ West- und Nord-Wand. ]
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Tall Halaf with the Khabur-valley, seen from the northeast during the rainy season
Women and children (of a family of former nomads) in one of the Upper Euphrates Valley villages
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th C.
[Original: Kathedrale (den Märtyrern Sergios und Bacchios und dem Leontios geweiht), 512/13]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
Bab al-Maqam, part of the old city's wall
A view in Wadi Barada
[Original:' Jarmuktal'].. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
One of the inner parts of the Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra
Winding of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, stone arch
Traditional Aleppian house
This Aleppian house was occupied, before the war, by an architectural consultancy office. The courtyard in the picture is the perfect place for the employee’s break.
Busra, Vaulted arcade, eastern facade of al-ʿUmari Mosque
General view of the Valley of the Tombs
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
The lion was embedded in the outer wall of the Al-Lat temple. As a protector of an antelope it is a symbol of peacefullness. The stone statue was severely damaged by ISIS.
Sheep grazing on the ruins of Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Bayt Ghazala, 17th c. ground floor plan
The only private house that includes a private bath (hammam) and six courtyards. It suffered structural damages and the loss of unique interior decorations (ʿajami).
Raqqa - Qasr al-Banat, inner courtyard
Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, documentation sheet of courtyard with northern Iwan
The palace called "Girls' Castle" has a courtyard surrounded by four open halls (Iwan). This type of groundplan is known above all from Iran.
A metal workshop in the city of Raqqa
al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, northern facade - marble plaque dated 1315 AH and sealed by the Sultan ʿAbd al-Hamid Khan (Tughra)
Wakil house, courtyard with water basin
The upper part of the minaret, Qashani tiles, as-Sinaniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Der "Korb" für den Mu'azzin. ]
A photo of the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Blick ü.d. Hof auf den Liwan
Remains of walls in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Entrance towers on the west side, Harim Castle
Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
shap_import_70670
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard with fountains, minaret, northern and western arcades
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall entrance - floral motifs decorating a column
Jurn Kabir, wall shelf on which metal plates, cups and spoons are presented
Remains of the gateway of the Umayyad complex at Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
ʿAyn al-ʿArus, Interior of a village mud bricks house, armenian owners
Window niche with a built-in sink made from concrete
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - one of the lateral windows
Qalb Lawza, Basilica 5th c., view of main facade from south-west
Homs, Western entrance, Jamiʿ an-Nuri
At-Turn, Double-dome house on the edge of the steppe close to Maskana
Khusrawiyya,detail of the ornamental paneling of the Mosque in 2008
Motifs in Hatayi style, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Aleppo Great Mosque, minaret, foundation inscriptions on the base
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, one of the flying buttresses supporting the prayer hall dome
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
The Citadel of Damascus from the inside, 2003
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy,
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade
Kharbaqa Dam: One of the dams that were built to limit seasonal flood waters in the Badiyya
Fishing in the Euphrates, Jabal ʿAruda
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - finds
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, SW-Neg.89/923-924
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the inner entrance
Wakil house, Reception hall
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, al-Midan entrance
View of the dam of the Assad reservoir of the Euphrates with its park
The western entrance of Maʿbad (temple) ad-Dumayr
[ Description by author: ~ Westseite. Sehr schön ist der in islamischer Zeit zugemauerte und mit einer Schießscharte versehene Eingang zu erkennen. Vgl. Bild 0380 ! ]
Busra - (pool) Birkat al-Hajj
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the west of prayer hall
Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and (pond) Birkat al-Hajj, filled with rain water
Interior view of the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Bestimmung / Zwecke dieses Raumes ??? Vgl. Bild 0903 ! ]
Colored mosaic in the western arcade of the Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Decke des mittleren Schiffs, gesehen nach ~ Südwesten. ]
View over the floodplain of the Euphrates valley to the village on the eastern steep bank
Raqqa, the archway of Baghdad Gate
General view of the Krak des Chevaliers
[Original: 1150 - 1250 vom Johanniterorden erbaut, Außenansicht]
Baking of bread in tannur near to a field of maize in the outskirts of ar-Raqqa
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, the kitchen entrance
Khan Qurdbak, western portico
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
shap_import_60891
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Innenseite, gesehen von ~ Nordosten. Vgl. Bild 1607 !
Sarcophagus with relief decoration
[Original: Palmyrenischer Sarkophag. Auf dem Deckel der gelagerte Grabherr in sassanidischer Tracht mit den Rangabzeichen eines einheimischen Karawanenchefs. Auf dem als Kline gestalteten Kasten in der Mitte der Grabinhaber beim Opfer mit den Rangabzeichen eines palmyrenischen Hohenpriesters und zugleich in der römischen Amtstracht eines togatus. Auf ihn schreiten zwei mal drei Gestalten zu, die Opfergaben bzw. Opfergerät bringen. 2. V. 3. Jh.]
A side of archaeological remains in Khirbat as-Sarayij
General view of Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
shap_import_48497
The south-western tower of Damascus Citadel
A general view of the massive southern-western tower that protected the citadel from that angle, this tower features many machicolations and ends at the top with parapets. The tower is connected to the citadel walls, which consist of a very thick wall, also topped by parapets.
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription above the Sabil
Citadel of Aleppo, Great Mosque - dome of the prayer hall
Khan al-Hibal, the upper part of the entrance with foundation inscription
Qal‘at Shayzar (castle), The stairs leading to the entrance
Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard
Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wooden panels of Bayt ad-Dahhan (Funduq Qasr al-Mansuriyya), 18th century
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
The so-called Eastern Palace is part of the Palace City of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. After the excavations it was preserved and made publicly accessible.
The courtyard of the Madrasa as-Sulaymaniyya
A building under construction in the President's Square in Raqqa
Aleppo's Great Mosque, renovation of the north entrance in 2018
Destroyed and damaged parts of the north portal are scaffolded for restoration
Propylon of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: der Anlage, diesmal gesehen von ~ Nordosten längs der Säulenstraße Richtung Monumentalbogen. Gut zu erkennen, dass das Propylon höher ist als die Kolonnade (Halbsäule - Pfeiler) und dass es in die Straße vorspringt (Halbsäule / Pfeiler - Säulen). ]
North-East Syria, the Upper Euphrates
The upper part of the entrance, as-Sinaniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Oberer Teil mit Stalaktiten-Halb"kuppel" und Bilder-Kacheln. ]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
Qasr al-ʿAzm, decorative niche in the dome hall
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, prayer hall
shap_import_66115
Great Mosque, prayer hall, main entrance in 2006
Main entrance of the prayer hall with pointed arch and ribonwork from coloured stone marquetry and a restoration inscription above the door arch
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Islamic inscriptions
Jurn Kabir, in the center of a traditional double-room house (areas for living, sleeping, supplies, kitchen)
Qanawat, Remains of the Temple of Zeus (Saraya)
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, general view of the entrance gate and the minaret room
General view of the architectural remains, Sirjilla
Remains of Afamiya Theater
Qanawat, Relief on a rectangular basalt stone
View of the ablaq-decorated entrance of the Great Mosque of Hama
The general structure of the example dome house in Taanayel (Libanon) before the end of the construction process
The mud bricks composing the walls and the two domes of the house, which are still under construction, are shown. We also see the stone foundations below, and the flat stone blocks integrated in the mud bricks in the domes, that serve for plastering work.
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, nave looking west
Al-Bara, pyramid tomb A, 6th c. AD
The Mausoleum A with its pyramid-shaped roof lies in the middle of oil plantations. The wealth of the region was based on the production of olives.
Ajiqbash house, view of the courtyard, south-east corner
The former courtyard house of a merchant family served as Aleppo’s Museum of Popular Traditions. The house is severely damaged, especially the open living space facing the courtyard (Iwan).
Bayt Wakil, fountain of the reception hall
The north western corner of the peribolos wall, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Aber welche ? Die Form des Mauerwerks und des Porikus sprechen für die Nordwest-Ecke und nachmittags / abends wäre eine derartige Beleuchtung möglich.- Wenn diese Überlegung stimmt, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama
General view of the city of Harim, Muhafazat Idlib
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Castle), Inscription
South Temple in ʿAtil, remains of the main façade (partially distorted at present by the transformation of the building into a residence)
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the main facade with muqarnas and rich decorations
Armanaz and its agricultural fields
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, vaulted arcade
Bedouin movement in al-Hawl area with donkeys, camels and a litter
The Roman Theatre and the Ayyubid Citadel, Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
Bayt Ghazala, fountain in the main hall (qaʿa)
Khan al-Wazir, general view
Decorations on an arch in the Church of Qalb Lawza
Jabal ʿAruda, Maqam (shrine) ash-Shaykh 'Aruda
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Corinthian capital
Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, prayer hall - Minbar
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis - section of the facade and the dome
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, western facade from the inside
Busra, Hammam Manjak, hot section (juwwani)
Rooms of the proper bath after restoration
Columns with Corinthian capitals, remnants of the Jupiter Temple
The northern-eastern tower of Damascus Citadel
One of the most beautiful towers of Damascus Citadel with its carefully carved stone rows. This upper part of the tower contains a machicolation, and the tower ends with parapets interspersed with arrow slits.
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Tür zum Hof
Jurn Kabir, a rural house, where each room has its own door opening on the courtyard
The house is consisting of a living room (left door) and a family room (right door), where all assets are stored.
Fresco from Dura Europos, 3rd c. National Museum, Damascus
Salah ad-Din statue situated in front of the western facade of Damascus citadel
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Fruitful trees and corn in the Ghouta of Damascus
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th C.
[Original: Kathedrale (den Märtyrern Sergios und Bacchios und dem Leontios geweiht), 512/13]
A farmer in the Badiyya shows the traditional pillows woven by his wife
General view of the village and castle of Shayzar along the Orontes river
An olive grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Minaret of an-Nuri Mosque
1172 erging der Erlass zum Bau dieser Moschee.- Gesehen von ~ West-Nord-West. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Al-Khusrawiyya, ground floor plan of 1998
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During a sandstorm this photo was taken from the museum to the backside of the suq in Dayr az-Zawr
View during sandstorm, photo taken from the museum to the backside of the suq
Hama, al-Mudiq castle, A side of al-Mudiq castle shows some of its towers
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, exterior windows
Exterior view of ad-Daydariyya cave
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Children from the region, Krak des Chevaliers in the background
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glass pig from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.16024; R.45
Bayt Ghazala, the iwan
[Original: B86 /Film XV]
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade - al-Midan
Lower village of Afamiya with the museum in an Ottoman khan and village houses
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; National Museum Damascus, from ar-Raqqa
Masbanat aj-Jubayli, the stage of arranging the soap to dry
In the picture, the arched corridors appear on the top floor of the soap manufactory, where the soap bars are arranged in the areas between the arches to dry them out.
Hammam Bahram Basha, the hot section (juwwani)
Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
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Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, a groin vault in the entrance
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Al-Bara, pyramid tomb A, 6th c.
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and western facade - the main hall facade
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas details
[Original:'Jâmi' al-'Âdiliya,Halab / Aleppo. "Muqarnas" über dem Eingang. Vgl. Bild 1221.'] !
The western entrance of Maʿbad (temple) ad-Dumayr
Habuba Kabira, view over cantilever domes during construction
Modern painted panel with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
[1985/24/393] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.] . ["s.a. Dias"]
Jurn Kabir, wooden door bar lock, seen from the interior side
Habuba Kabira, construction of a relieving arch using piled bricks, which are later removed
General view of Tall Afis
Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani) after the destruction
Busra, Hammam Manjak
Corner of a Bedouin tent from goat hair during the desert festival in ar-Rusafa
A side of the cavea, Roman Theater at Busra
[Original: Theater, Cavea für 15.000 Zuschauer (Halbkreis von 102 m) und Bühnengebäude]
Salah ad-Din castle, the upper part of the mosque entrance, lobed arch with muqarnas
Ar-Rusafa, Basilica A
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
South-Thermae, view from the colonnade
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Blick von der Zitadelle Euphrat-aufwärts nach ~ Nordwesten.
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, tomb - interior view of the dome damages
An upward view of the overall roof structure, a stone dome, elevated on a dodecagonal drum, and below, bent squinches made of muqarnas (stalactite forms) in transition to the quadrilateral form on pointed arches. Missing elements on north part of the drum; a hole of 2m dia., and loose elements/ cracks in the dome stonework construction
Burj as-Saʿa, qastal window
Vegetation with rocks in the coastal mountains
A photo of stairway with arches, Busra Citadel
HQ-k.K7 Aside from the Citadel, stairwell
Daily life scene in the city of Raqqa
A view of the inner courtyard showing the Seljuk dome with muqarnas, al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
Ar-Rusafa, general view of the remains of Basilica A
A room cladded with ‘Ajami decoration in a Damascene house
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General view from the north, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Morgendlicher Fernblick auf die ~ Nordseite. Woher ? Nach der Google-Karte erscheint das Tetrapylon-Hotel als Standort am wahrscheinlichsten: das kenne ich aber von meinen Aufenthalten nicht. In der selben Gegend befinden sich aber das Tower Hotel und auch das Middle East Hotel: in beiden war ich. Vielleicht wurde auch eines der beiden umbenannt ? ['[Tetrapylon Hotel],'] ]
Agriculture in ar-Ruj plain
View of Orontes valley
Pavilion, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), details of the hall facade situated on the eastern side of the courtyard
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Qanawat -Roman nympheum
Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
View from afar to the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)
[ Description by author: Exedra des 1. Abschnitts der Säulenstraße, Monumentalbogen und 2. Abschnitt, Burg, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Die sehr hohen Säulen der Exedra sind aus - vermutlich ägyptischem - Granit, nicht aus dem lokalen Kalkstein. Der Abstand der beiden Mittelsäulen ist etwas größer als der zwischen Mittel- und Außensäulen.- Im Plan in G. Degeorge "Palmyra" steht an etwa dieser Stelle "Nymphäum" - ? ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, dome of the prayer hall
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
A room cladded with ‘Ajami decoration in a Damascene house
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Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), section from the interior (the courtyard)
size of plan 21 x 15 . scale 1:100 .
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the entrance
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Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]
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A central passage in the Castle of Harim
Remains of arches, Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
Remains of Afamiya Theater
Bimaristan Arghun, muqarnas vault behind entrance portal
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Mamluk rank
Raqqa - the excavation in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex, clay decorations
A photo of Masyaf Castle overlooking the city
View to northeast, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Nordosten. ]
Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west
The gate is topped by a pointed vault. It was built in the style of Ablaq, in which stone rows alternates between black and white colors.
At-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya, domed arcade and behind it larger domes covering a range of rooms
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, general view of the entrance
View of the city of Saydnaya with its monastery
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace, pottery
Eastern East Palace, SW.Neg. 84/500-501
Bab as-Salam, the "door of peace" in the north of Old Damascus
View of the artificial pool and the Temple of Mushannaf
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs
Tiles of blue Qashani, Mausoleum of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Die Inschrift über die Restaurationsarbeiten von Wilhelm II. Eine ähnliche Inschrift befindet sich im Bacchus-Tempel von Ba'labak. (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
25 pounds (Commemorative coins: twenty-fifth anniversary of Corrective Movement), 25 mm, 1995
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima - the prayer hall
Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
View from far to the Monastery of Mar Taqla, Maʿlula
A basin belonging to the Ummayad Palace ''Qasr Says'' in Jabal Says
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari, arcade
Zabadani Plains with trees and agriculture
A general view of the Krak de Chevaliers at the sunset
General view of the complex constisting of a church and a palace of Qasr Ibn Wardan
[Original: sakraler Zentralbau und Palast, Palast, 564]
Al-Khubra lake in Jabal Says
Entrance and minaret of as-Sibaʿiyya mosque, Damascus
At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle , one of the Castle's towers.
Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Rechte Seitenwand: oben in den Medaiilons zwei Evangelisten, darunter Apostel. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, entrance of the tomb
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance
Aghabani with customized geometric design combining leaves, flowers and branches
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
und Euphrat-Auen, gesehen von nördlich der Zitadelle nach ~ Osten.
Parking spaces infront of the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Yabrud: Streetlife with shops and residential houses, townspeople and peasants
Street view with houses and a village scene of a farmer with cart and draught animal. The buildings along the road show a local architecture (of the Qalamun Mountains): one to two-storey stone facades with triple openings in the upper floors. Middle door and side windows, all with round arches and a balcony in front. A symmetrical stone façade made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. These houses will probably be built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Application of the relief paste of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Abdelraouf Baydoun in his workshop on Malaysia
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, the monastery complex
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, section east-west, view to south
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
Part of the northern wall of the Damascus Citadel
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - view of dome pendentives
Irrigation canal, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
The village of Jurn Kabir before the region was flooded by the Tishrin dam
An arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
An old photo showing the main western entrance of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs
The main western entrance to the courtyard.
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
Monastery of St Simeon, baptismal font
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila - courtyard and ablutions basin
View into a vaulted room of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Aghabani table cloth
Romam Gate (Peribolos) at the Straight Street, Old City of Damascus
[ Description by author: von Bild 0321, gesehen von ~ Osten. Der alte Fahrdamm ist heute ein "Park". ]
Fort V, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Gesehen nach ~ Süden. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Hama, View of the courtyard, Great Mosque
Domes of as-Salamiyya historical bath from the outside
A picture from the outside of a group of domes and vaults belonging to the historical bath in as-Salamiyya. They contain small openings that are arranged within a pattern. In addition to their aesthetics, their main function is to lighten the various interior bathroom sections.
Bedouin girl with saddle bag, that was weaved by her mother
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace - stucco decorations
Floral frieze decoration, Raqqa II; Eastern East-Palace
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - the exterior facade and the entrance
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Temple of Bel, ceiling decorations
[ Description by author: des Peristyls oder des Naos. Die alte Karteikarte sagt Naos, ich denke jetzt aber eher Peristyl: am "Bacchus"-Tempel in Ba'labak gibt es ganz ähnliche Peristyl-Platten.- Es gibt hier zwei Typen von Rosetten: eine "normale" und eine "rotierende". Letztere lässt an die "windzerzausten" Kapitelle ind Qal'at Sem'ân und in Halab denken. ]
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, Piles of wheat before its package in bags
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
Khan al-Wazir, the window on top of the khan's entrance facade
View to the west. The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here the minbar 14 and secondary spaces 08-01 are seen.
A herd of sheep grazing in front of Shayzar Castle
Bayt Dallal, decorated stone above a gate
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade - al-Midan
General view of the Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: und rechts die Unterkünfte für "Suchende". Gesehen von der Anhöhe ~ nördlich des Klosters. Im Vordergrund der "Aufweg" vom Parkplatz am Austritt des Wadi in die Ebene. ]
Fluted column- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Bab Antakiya, main gate
One of the towers of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard, southern facade - iwan
Inside the Hummus shop of Ra’oof al-Tatari
General view of Masyaf Castle
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall showing the minbar
Khan al-Jumruk, exterior facade of the Khan's entrance
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription on the wall of Qastal
Wakil House, dome of qaʿa (reception hall)
view at the dome on top of the representative reception hall (Qaʿa). It is standing on a polygonal drum (tambour) with windows for lighting.
View from southeast, Ithriya Temple
Auf der linken Seite ist gut das Podium zu erkennen. Gesehen von ~ Südosten. [Original:'Ithriya (Seriana),']
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, view the west basilica
The upper part of the minaret of an-Nuri Mosque
View of several buildings inside al-Marqab castle
Suq Aslan Dada, rebuilding of northern entrance, view towards south
Damascus Gate, City Wall of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südosten. ]
Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main hall (qaʿa)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, small iwan - detail view of archway
A gathering of men in a reception room with wall textile cover
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater
theater
An artificial canal, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the west section of the great hall
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, capital of a column of a portico
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, cave
Simple muqarnas in the Castle of Harim
Khan al-Hibal, the northern facade from inside
The cella of Bel Temple, 1st c. AD
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Aghabani table cloth
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, osman. (heute Mosaiken-Museum)]
Mosaic in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, exterior view - northern facade
Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel
Mari (Tall al-Hariri), The Archive Hall in the Palace of Zimri lim
Ugarit, Entrance gate to the city
A side of architectural remains in Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Two-storey villa, Sirjilla
Tartus, museum in former cathedral, view at western facade
ʿAyn al-Khadra, Baby in a traditional wooden cradle
Maps of Aleppo: "Historical succession of buildings", 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Historical succession in current building stock. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend. [Original in German: Historische Abfolge des Baubestands] Legend: Pre-Mamluk, Early-Mamluk, Late-Mamluk, Early-Ottoman, Late-Ottoman, Post-Ottoman until 1918
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Modern interpretations of the traditional craft of ‘Ajami (workshop of Aliya Alnuami)
Bayt Ghazala, the iwan
Khan as-Sabun, view of eastern gallery, northern inner facade and building part inside of courtyard
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a view of the courtyard and the southern arcade
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, ablutions fountain
Great Mosque, damage mapping
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
Al-Madrasa ar-Rukniyya al-Barraniyya - view from the south
Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the North Gate
Sarcophagus at Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman Museum
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, Weinspende-Grabreliquar, 6. Jh. (?)]
Qasr (palace) Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, inner courtyard
Popular restaurant on Barada River
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas and inscription documenting the date of building accomplishment
A group of semi-nomads sitting on a felt rug (left and in the rear) and on a woven rag rug (right side)
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, northern entrance
Al-Khubra lake in Jabal Says
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, prayer hall
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
The Mausoleum A with its pyramid-shaped roof lies in the middle of oil plantations. The wealth of the region was based on the production of olives.
Yabrud: residential houses with central hall disposition and three-arcade-motif
Street view with Mittelhallenhaus. This building along the street shows a local variation (of the Qalamun Mountains) of the house form known from Lebanon since the middle of the 19th century: shaded entrance hall with an entrance arcade of three arches on round columns on the ground floor, above it on the upper floor the repetition as open seating area with balcony in front. A symmetrical stone façade made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. These houses will probably be built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
The dome house in Taanayel: building the dome
A view of two workers inserting flat stepping stones between the bricks, an old technique to help plastering the dome houses.
Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Sirjilla, two-storeyed andron
[Original: Andron mit doppelgeschossiger Vorhalle, von Konsolenkapitellen getragen, 6. Jh.]
The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985
Vaulted entrance, Qalʿat Harim from the interior
Interior view of Qadmus Castle
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower from the outside
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami: Preparation of a wooden dome
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
Habuba Kabira, construction of the base of a mud brick house
Sinaniyya Street: traffic scene with tram in 1918
In the Sinaniyya street traditionally the pilgrimage-caravan to Mecca started. From 1904 to 1967 a tram line ran here.
General view of Jaʿbar castle on the left bank of the Euphrates
Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, northwest corner of the large hall
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, minbar in the prayer hall (Samah Khana)
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, courtyard - inscription on the northern facade
Madrasat al-Firdaws, west wall of iwan opposite the prayer hall
General view of Masyaf Castle
The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني 3_SYRHER]
Soap of Aleppo: fresh soap to dry
Interior view from the soap production: a stack of freshly produced soap, arranged with columns in between. So they will stay for several months to dry.
Mosaics covering the tympanum of az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken im Tympanon]
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, an arcade topped by a cross vault
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance details from the inside
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
Euphrates dam and Assad lake, Nahiyat at-Tabqa
Warp threads in a mechanical loom, textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damasus
Stone carved panel on the ʿAyn Diwar bridge
Busra, part of the citadel wall
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, view from south
View of al-Kilaniyya Norias
Tele-Ausschnitt aus Bild 1007. (original date 03/03/2001 (?)) .['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
General view of ʿAyn Dara temple
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, first floor plan
First floor with iwan [22], size of plan 60 x 40 . with ruler (no scale ).
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa (mamluke), section north-south, view to west
Size of plan 22 x 32, with ruler (no scale).
Bucket wheel (noria) and aqueduct in 1930
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Aleppo, Khan as-Sabun, view of courtyard towards west
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the prayer niche
Typical mihrab of a mosque. Maybe the mosque is near Jami al-Tuta. [Original: Mihrâb, Halab / Aleppo. Typischer Mihrâb einer Moschee (vermutlich in der Nähe der Jâmi' at-Tûta)'].
General view in the Limestone Massif, near al-Bara
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
South-Thermae, Forecourt before Renewal
A side of Palmyra Theater, 2nd c. AD
The gate of the citadel seen from the east in the evening light
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
[original:' Raqqa, Große Moschee']. [84/27/322 a] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Ruins of the wall of Qalʿat Shumaymis (castle)
Minaret of the great mosque, (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
und Bauten aus Spolien im Innenhof. [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the farm yard behind the house with stables made of basalt stones
The facade of prayer hall overlooking the courtyard, Umayyad Mosque
[Original:'Damaskus, Omajjaden-Moschee, vom Friedhof aus gesehen']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription above the main entrance
Remains of the Praetorium from east, Balis (Barbalassos)
A flock of pigeons in the old city of Damascus
A scene of a flock of pigeons gathering over the rooftops
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico - Mamluk rank
Pointed arch in the Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - tomb chamber
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer hall
Bayt Junblat, ground plan
Remarks in german. Size of plan 42 x 30, no scale.
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance
Entrance with muqarnas of jami al-'Adiliyya mosque. It was built 1555 in the time of the ottoman time.[Original:' Jâmi' al-'Âdiliya, Halab / Aleppo. Erbaut 1555 unter dem osmanischen Gouverneur Mehmet Pascha. Eingang mit "muqarnas". Vgl. Bild 1222 !'].
A side from the ruins of Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view from the courtyard to entrance and minaret
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the southern section of the great hall
Khan Qurdbak, portico, section north-south
Size of plan 70 x 35. with ruler (no scale).
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Nach Südwesten. Ich vermute, dieser Kanal, an dessen Eingang man hier steht, ist der Zugang zur eigentlichen Quelle. ]
Remains of the Praetorium, Balis (Barbalassos)
Wakil house, interior façade of the upper floor
A carried balcony is open to the courtyard with two adjacent arches, and on the right, there are several windows upstairs.
A side of the Cavea, Palmyra Theater
[ Description by author: rechte Seite. Im Hintergrund ganz rechts der Monumentalbogen, in etwa Bildmitte die Säulen am Eingang der Diokletians-Thermen. Der Bogen und der Bogenansatz ganz links markieren den Südost-Durchgang in die Rundstraße ums Theater. Gesehen nach ~ Ost-Süd-Ost. ]
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, general view from southeast
Parts of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm), view on the Euphrates River
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the red hall (qaʿa)
Details of Qashani tiles: floral and geometric designs, Mausoleum of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Dekor der Eck-Pilaster, vgl. Bild 0228 ! (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus
Main entrance, muqarnas, wall relief
Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations
Palace D; Inst.Neg. 86/1428 Floral frieze decoration
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., Apse and south façade
[Original: Basilika, vor 469, SO-Seite]
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, view on the roof
Large central dome, surrounded by small domes and cloister vaults.
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome
General view of the Mediterranean sea in Baniyas
The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals
Several plans of masuoleums (turba) in Damascus
Plans of Turbas in Damascus: 105 Shibliyya, 106 Rayhan [Hand written: No. 84 Kadastre II/5 1380 (?)], 107 Takritiyya, 108 Zahiriyya, 109 Khatuniyya
Citadel of Aleppo, Great Mosque courtyard and arcades
The avenue "Between the Schools"
Busra, a view into the Roman theater (3rd c), which was in Islamic times converted into a fortress
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola.
Safita, view from the Qal'a on at-Tall quarter
Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra - southern arcade
Aleppo countryside, Dome houses
Trulli house
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Entrance corridor in front of the collapsed cupola house
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya) showing the niche (mihrab)
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, entrance - inscription band
Jurn Kabir, a typical old house of the Euphrates valley near Qalʿat Najm with a large log (willow) transverse to the longitudinal axis.
Krak des Chevaliers, the loggia
Traditional production of animal glue
Irrigation canal near Baniyas
[Original: Bewäserungkanal im Küstengebiet des Raumes Banias]
Raqqa countryside, a traditional wedding ceremony in Suwaydiyya Kabira village
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, courtyard and southern portico
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, the prayer niche
Burj as-Saʿa, spouts of the Qastal
Camel and its guide on sacrophagus
[ Description by author: Kamel und sein Führer. Die Darstellung befindet sich vermutlich unter einer Kline.- Ob dieses Bild ebenfalls zum Sarkophag Bild 0873 - 0877 gehört, kann ich nicht mehr sagen. ['26/03/2002 (?)'] ]
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration
Palmyra, exterior view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn (castle)
Traditional house in neighborhood "al-Almaji"
Photograph of house's main, southern, fassade during beginning works of refurbishment and after the loss of woodden oriel "Kishk". The image is a panorama composed of several images
Raqqa, City Wall
Nicephorium; City Wall
Jabal ʿAruda, a view towards the Euphrates
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Hof mit Liwan und Seitenliwan
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a general view of bridge between the two castles
Fixation of a horizontal loom in the ground
Weekly market in Maskana, where the farmers of the region sell their fruit and vegetables
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - eastern facade
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Ziad Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
Aleppo: Citadel, entrance 12th – 16th c.
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance details from the inside
The Great Colonnade
View from south to the church of Kharab Shams
[Original: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, von W]
Jabal ʿAruda, ruins of a temple from the middle of the 4th millennium BC
A view into the main road of Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of eastern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
The window topped by an inscription panel
Part of the city wall of ar-Raqqa after the restoration
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the fountain of the cold section (barrani)
Citadel of Aleppo, plant ornament
Remains of arches belonging to the entrance of Jupiter temple
Balcony above main portal of Khan al-Harir
Remains of fortifications in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Habuba Kabira, how three cantilever domes are connected (two cantilever domes are posed on a relieving arch)
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Wall of the colonnaded enclosure, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Die Propyläen - die arabische Bastion - von der Hofseite, also von ~ Osten. ]
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra
A view of part of the southern Roman baths in Bosra dating back to the 2nd century AD. A series of well-preserved columns topped with ionic capitals appear here. This type of capitals appeared in the Greco-Roman Period and is characterized by spiral motifs.
Jabʿadin, the rock wall at Sinnir mountain
Roman tower tomb in Sarrin
Not exactly locatable tower tomb, which is dated 74 AD by its inscriptions. To note the high set canulated half columns [Original: 'SIRRIN, Grabturm (74 n. Ch.)']
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Workshop of Abdelraouf and Ziad Baydon in Malaysia
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
Dome under maintenance in the village of Shaykh Hilal
Picture of a worker standing on the stone protrusions projecting from the dome to carry out maintenance and restoration works.
The Valley of Tombs - sculptures of the deads who are buried in a tower tomb
[ Description by author: Detail der Fassade. Im Bogen der Tote auf einer Kline, dahinter seine Familie. Unter der Kline Reste der Inschrift. ]
The interior of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya
Stage of the Roman Theater and the adjacent wall of the Islamic Citadel, Busra
A Bedouin woman twisting a hand spun thread spool
The patchwork-cover in the background is separating the living area from the sleeping area
The main mihrab of the mosque with mosaic decoration. The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here the mihrab in secondary space 07 is seen.
A Sheikh with his family in traditional clothes. The man is wearing a black Abbaya
‘Ajami decoration in Qasr al-‘Azm, Damascus
shap_import_97594
Nature in Barada valley
Aleppo: Khan al-Wazir, 17th C., interior facade
Bimaristan Arghun, view of the main courtyard and the portico
Ghouta of Damascus, A grove of vegetables and fruit trees
Khan Ujkhan، main entrance
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen - the dome details from the inside
Near Qa'alat ar-Rahaba, Shrin Shaykh Shibliy. [Original:'Bei QAL'AT ar-RAHABA, Grabbau = SAIH SIBLI']
Raqqa, Remains of Qasr al-Banat
Bridge over the Euphrates, ar-Raqqa
[Original: Euphratbrücke]
Entrance of Khan al-Hallabat
[ Description by author: und Eingang, gesehen von der ~ Südmauer nach ~ Nordosten über den Innenhof. ]
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Stimmt die Standortangabe ? Dazu passt, dass der Standort etwas erhöht ist: das Zenobia Hotel liegt auf einem Hügel. Dagegen spricht das Gebäude unten links: wenn es das Tempel-Grab ist, müsste man links die Säulenfassade und keine Wand sehen. Jedenfalls: von ~ Südosten die Burg auf ihrem Bergkegel. ['Zenobia Hotel (?),'] ]
Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak
Islamic coloured shard, ar-Raqqa museum
Agricultural fields and industrial complex near Baniyas
Interior view of the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Blick durch die Flucht der Räume. ]
A two-story building in a village in Ghuta
It is hard to tell the exact date of this building, but it is clear from its architectural style that it dates back to the beginning of the second half of the 20th century.
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, the baptistery
[Original: Baptisterium mit oktogonalem Zentralraum]
Palm trees in Palmyra oasis
[Original: Palmen in Palmyra]
al-Burayj, General view of the Monastery of Saint Daniel, 6th c. AD
A part from the ruins of Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
shap_import_48455
Suq al-Hamidiyya
Seller of traditional refreshing drinks in the city's most famous bazaar. It was built at the end of the 19th century in the European style.
Remains of a building in the Hellenistic city of Afamiya
A field in a village nearSafira in Aleppo province
Exterior northern facade and the entrance of at-Taynabiyya Mausoleum-Mosque
[ Description by author: mit dem Ersatz-"Minarett". ]
Hubert Mezannar, son of Antoine Elias Mezannar. In the background is the certificate of a gold medal, the family won in 1936 on Damascus International Fair.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Antoine Mezannar brought mechanical looms from Lyon with electric motors to Damascus and became one of the first consumers of electricity in Damascus.
Mausoleum az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall
Habuba Kabira, during the construction of cantilever domes, the mortar is pulled up using a bucket
Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
shap_import_70674
Citadel of Aleppo, the Museum - inscription
Burning and damage inside the rooms of the eastern part of the courtyard. The space is 06 in general, according to the ground plan. The secondary space 02, and most likely space 08 are seen.
Entrance and minaret of ad-Darwishiyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1574. Eingang und Minarett, gesehen vermutlich von ~ Osten. ]
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Graves carved into the rocks, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author (German): Links oben wohl entweder ein Felssaal ähnlich dem in ('Ain) Manîn (s. Bild 0397 und 0402) oder ein Grab mit zerstörter Fassade. In der Bildmitte ganz unten ein recht verwittertes Grab des Ädikula-Typs ähnlich dem von Bild 0411 - 0413. ]
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance
The damage of the western part of the facade and the minaret.
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, courtyard
Fresco above the apse of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Triumphbogen über der Apsis, linker Teil und Mitte (Fortsetzung s. Bild 0488 !). Phase III. ]
Qunaytra, A general view shows remnants of destroyed buildings
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - finds
Westpalace; Find Nr.12240
Tombe carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Tele-Konverter-Ausschnitt, eindeutig auf das rechte Grab von Bild 0406 / 0408. ]
Khusrawiyya, interiour view at sudda (tribune) in Friday Mosque in 2008
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside
[ Description by author: Unter "Außenseite" ist hier und im Folgenden immer die Südostseite zum 1. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße zu verstehen, unter "Innenseite" die Nordwestseite zum 2. Abschnitt (= Bogen > Tetrapylon) der Säulenstraße.- Der Bogen stammt aus der Zeit des Septimius Severus, also um ca. 200 n. Chr. ]
Traditional dish served in a village, at-Tabqa
A villa under construction in the Ghuta of Damascus
A view of one of the groves of the Ghouta with a villa or a summer house under construction in the middle. In the last years of the last century, rich people, both residents of the city and the villages, began to build modern residential buildings in the groves of the Ghouta, for recreation and to enjoy the beauty of nature and the freshness of the air.
The entrance into the castle of al-Marqab is framed by a stepped portal
A view of the main facade, the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
A view of Shayzar Castle from afar
Habuba Kabira, water reservoir for field-irrigation, in the background motor pump of the well
General view of Husn Sulayman
Excavation work, Madinat al-Far
Maps of Aleppo: historical city and outskirts. 1969 with revisions in 1979 and 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo inner city and outskirts, showing remarkable buildings and main features of land use within the modern city districts. Scale 1:5000, ruler and legend, [Original in German: Aleppo: innenstadt und Außenbezirke: Bemerkenswerte Gebäude und Grundzüge der Flächennutzung in den Neustadtquartieren | Karte 5] Inventory no. /stamp: 4° 629 192-Ktn / Bibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
One of the towers of Shayzar Castle
Tall al-Biʿa, Ancient city of Tuttul
Bayt Ghazala, view of the bathhouse
Maʿbad ad-Dumayr (temple), locally known as "the castle"
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, twin crusader castles, stone arch
Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard
General view of the Great Mosque of Hama
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Bayt Wakil, floor tiles
Jurn Kabir, whitewashing with chalk milk
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis, exterior view
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, general view from outside
[Original: Jâmi' al-Qîqân, Halab/ Aleppo, "Rabenmoschee" - etwa wegen der beiden wohl antiken / byzantinischen Basaltsäulen am Eingang? Eine weitere Merkwürdigkeit ist die Verwendung von Säulenstümpfen im Mauerwerk, was man sonst nur bei Festungsarchitektur sieht. Außerdem soll die Mosche "im Mauerwerk" - wo? - einen Stein mit hethitischer Inschrift bergen. 18/04/2001 (?)']
Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit, view from al-Jisr al-Abyad square
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (English)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
The Throne Hall in Damascus Citadel
This photo shows Roman columns that support a central dome.
Jurn Kabir, inside a traditional living room, equipped with wooden door and window, water basin and felt carpet (lubbad)
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main facade after the destruction
1
Exterior view of the wall of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
Preparation of mud for construction in one of Raqqa villages
Burj as-Saʿa, General view
Tall Abyad, Historical watermil of ʿAyn al ʿArus
Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)
The unique wooden minbar, or pulpit, belongs to the Mamluk era as indicated by the inscribed name of the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, son of Qalawun (d. 741 AH / 1341 AD). The carpenter’s name is Muhammad ibn ʿAli al-Mawsili.
People gathering near a government office, Raqqa
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, dome of the prayer hall
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, inscription above the entrance of additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
B63 Film-VI Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (Hijaziyya)
The Great Colonnade behind the palm trees
[ Description by author: Zum Standort s. Bild 0588 ! Zentralabschnitt: links, verdeckt, der Monumental-Bogen, rechts der Tetrapylon. Dahinter in der Mitte zwei Grabtürme, ganz hinten, an der Efqa-Quelle, das Hotel Palmyra Cham Palace. ['[Tetrapylon Hotel],'] ]
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration
Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri, plan
Hammam al-Bayyada, the cold section (barrani)
Part of the Mihrab decorations, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mihrâb: "Borte" über dem unteren Teil der Nische. ]
Woman in the outskirts of Raqqa presenting an embroidered cushion sitting on the houses terrace
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main northern facade
Jurn Kabir, a hedgehog child
Naʿurat al-Muhammadiyya (waterwheel), the biggest noria in Hama
Excavations at Tall Sabi Abyad
A side of archaeological remains in Khirbat as-Sarayij
Busra Citadel - Stone decorations at the entrance
Khan al-ʿArus before the restoration, view from south-west
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - interior view of the dome
Left volute of the lintel, Damascus Gate, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Die linke Volute des Türsturzes, gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
A colorful marble niche in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277. Mihrab-Nische mit Marmorinkrustationen]
Fresco on the Northern aisle of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Nördliches Seitenschiff, erster Pfeiler: Engel. ]
in the Ghab plain: thatched mud houses, 1963
Hama, general view of the Jisriyya (waterwheel)
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
The Straight Street with Roman Arch and Minaret Al-'Umari
Mnin, general view of Qalamun mountain and the houses scattered on its slopes