Remains of Qasr Says or the palace of al-Walid in Jabal Says
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., central view at nave and apse
View into a vaulted room of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Patchwork for textile designs
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
1 pound, 27 mm, 1968 – restrike 1971
A view in Wadi Barada
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, northern entrance
Part of the propylaea, Jupiter Temple
[ Description by author: am Tympanon des Westportals des Períbolos. Vgl. Bild 0150 und 0151 ! ]
General view of Palmyra city, Diocletian's Camp in foreground
View from Jabal Husainiyya, Diocletian's camp in foreground
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), a scene of a peacock from Wakil house’s wooden panels
Birds occupy the bulk of the woodwork of Wakil house, headed by peacocks with their feathers under the branches of blooming trees.
Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra - view from the south
writing on the photo's back ['567. ''Photographie, Francois MARTIN, 19, Bd du Pont d'Aive, 1205 GENEVE'. Foto M. von Oppenheim, reproduziert nach Phototheque M. von Berchem Nr. 567 (1035). (----> Gent, Foundation Max van Berchiem). Org, Catalogue (1975) 50: Madrasa'Umariya. Conv interieure. =Nr. 38.']
Khan al-Wazir, the window on top of the khan's entrance facade
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, prayer hall - the muqarnas squinch of the dome
Aleppo: multi-colored facade of Mamluk-Ottoman Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri
A view of the exterior façade of Yalbugha bath decorated with alternating black and yellow rows. The entrance is high with beautiful ranks on top and many windows on the sides. The large, high dome contains windows for the light to enter inside.
Harran al-ʿAwamid, Hayat bin Qays al-Harani mosque
Qanawat - Roman nympheum
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, plan and four elevations of room
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 55. Ruler.
A grave carved in the rock, Maʿlula
[ Description by author: auf dem Kloster-Plateau. Der Guide Bleu "Near East" spricht nur von "ancient tombs", ohne Hinweise auf heidnisch oder christlich. Bei diesem hier wird allerdings gesagt, dass der eine Adler (Bild 0460) und, wenn ich richtig verstehe, die Nische Bild 0458 byzantinisch seien. Ich muss allerdings sagen, dass für mein Laienverständnis eher der "starre" Adler von Bild 0462 als der "schwungvolle" von Bild 0460 byzantinisch wirkt .......- Der GPS-Tag ist apporximativ. ]
The eastern altar, al-Karasi
[ Description by author: Zwei Seiten ohne Inschrift / Relief. ]
Krak des Chevaliers in West Syria, 12th C.
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade
Qasr Ibn Wardan seen from the south
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate (Bab) as seen from outside the fence
Raq19820005.tif
Bridge over the Euphrates at Raqqa
Mud bricks, prepared for the restoration of ar-Raqqa Wall
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Mosque, main entrance
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Beim Austritt des Kanals, Blick nach ~ Nordosten. Vorn rechts die "Treppe", links ein Altar, hinten die Säule und links von ihr noch ein Altar. ]
Archaeological excavation at Balis
Modern painted panel with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
Remains of the Jupiter temple in Damascus
Qanawat -Roman nympheum
The southern-western tower of Damascus Citadel
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
Souq al-Abba/Souq ad-dra????
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Frame of the large wall cupboard door (samandāra) of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum of Ethnology, with a flat, white-ground strip for fixing the hinge
Muzayrib - Ancient mill
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, view to the west across the courtyard
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Jabʿadin, the rock wall at Sinnir mountain
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, dome and muqarnas squinches of the tomb
A view of the main facade, the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
On the western shore of Jabbul salt lake, triangle door of a kitchen as a domed room
Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa, southern side, today Tartus-Museum
Ceiling and Reverse side of the ceiling of Bayt Ḫazīna-Kātibī / Niẓām with ‘Ajami decoration
detail of the šīša-ceiling with panels (ṭabaq) painted alternately on green and red ground and view from above on the construction of the šīša-ceiling
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Woman builds a silo for her supplies during the winter
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
A woman showing how to card wool. She is wearing a silk Habari (head scarf)
Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic in the sanctuary, 595 AD
Raq19920015.tif
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Entrance of a house, Qarqabiza
[Original: Tor eines Hauses]
Orchards in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font
Restaurant with terrasse and fountain in Mnin
al-Hayr al-Sharqi Palace, Inside of the early Umayyad desert castle with remains of vaulted rooms of the Western comlplex
Bayt Ghazala, view of the bathhouse
Traditional production of animal glue
Chest of drawers in traditional inlay technique with mother of pearl in an old house in Maʿlula
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a circular aperture in the roof of courtyard
Remains of an entrance, Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: in oder bei den Thermen. Da nur die Türrahmen in sehr verwittertem Zustand (Kalkstein !) übrigblieben, erinnert das Bild an Dolmen ....... Im Hintergrund der Monumentalbogen von innen. Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ ! Gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
A decorated inscription in Masayaf Castle
The historical watermill of ʿAyn al-ʿArus
General view of Abu al-Fidaʾ Mosque on the Orontes river
Jami' al-Haiyaya, [Original: 'Jâmi' al-Haiya']. Gesehen von Südosten über den 'Âsi. Unter der rechten, kleineren Kuppel ist der Politiker, Historiker und Geograph Abû l-Fidâ' begraben. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Khan al-ʿArus before the restoration, view from south-west
A Waterspout of the ablution fountain in the courtyard of al-Adilliyya Mosque
The interior of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya
Khan al-Wazir, general view
Salah ad-Din Castle, massive castle walls above the vertical rock face
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - founding inscription
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - fountain
Main entrance of Ibn Wardan Palace
mit reicher Verzierung und Inschrift, gesehen von ~ Süden. Noch steckt es etwa zur Hälfte im Sand .......
View, from south, at northern overbuilt part of Suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (Picciotto house)
Hama, The minaret of an-Nuri Mosque
Traditional dress for men in the villages of at-Tabqa
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - fountain
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, interior view of southern facade - entrance and minaret
General view of the Barada spring close to the eastern Mountains of Lebanon
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Ecological and botanical garden
Two large reservoirs in the ruins of Kharab Sayyar
A shell of a new house with flattened domes in a village south of Tall Abyad
The south-western tower of Damascus Citadel
A general view of the massive southern-western tower that protected the citadel from that angle, this tower features many machicolations and ends at the top with parapets. The tower is connected to the citadel walls, which consist of a very thick wall, also topped by parapets.
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the upper part of the entrance, muqarnas and rich ornaments
[ Description by author: Dekor des oberen Teiles, wohl von ~ Osten gesehen. ]
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
East and south side of the cella of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: West- und Südseite, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Über dem Gebälk der Peristase "Assyrische Treppenzinnen" - typisch für derartige Gebäude im Nahen Osten in dieser Zeit, s. z.B. Petra ! ]
Stamping machine for punch cards for the Jacquard looms in the textile factory Mezannar in Damascus
Pre-drawn pattern of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Abdelraouf Baydoun is working on the underdrawing of a ‘Ajami-Decoration
Mosque of as-Sayyida Zaynab, Nahiyat Babbila
[ Description by author: Sayyida Zainab ist eine Tochter von 'Ali und Fatima, somit Schwester von Husain und Hasan und Enkelin des Propheten, außerdem Tante der Sayyida Raqîya, einer Tochter Husains, die ebenfalls in Damaskus begraben ist (vgl. Bild 0251 - 0253 !). laut sunnitischer Tradition ist Sayyida Zainab allerdings in Kairo begraben ....... Die Anlage wurde ab 1990 errichtet, vermutlich weitgend mit Geld aus Iran.- Gesehen von ~ Norden. ]
Plan of Krak des Chevaliers
[Krak, Plan]
Excavation of Abbasid ruins in Kharab Sayyar
Qal‘at (castle) Shayzar from the inside
Bayt Wakil, detail of windows and courtyard decoration
Habuba Kabira, Construction of the relieving arch, on which 2 cantilever domes are to rest
Door and windows of a room in the ground floor, Khan Sulayman Basha al-ʿAzm
[ Description by author: Türen und Fenster im Erdgeschoss. Vgl. Bild 0314 ! ]
Bimaristan Arghun, open dome above the octagonal courtyard
At-Turn, Double-dome house on the edge of the steppe close to Maskana
Bayt Ghazala, interior view - dome of the main hall (qaʿa)
Tall al-Bi'a, Excavation at Dayr Zakka (monastery)
Raq19900043.tif
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain
The avenue "Between the Schools"
al-Husn Church, remains of basilica's wall, which constitue the boundary of an agricultural field
Masbanat (soap factory) az-Zanabili, Aerial views of the courtyard and the domed first
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside
[ Description by author: Unter "Außenseite" ist hier und im Folgenden immer die Südostseite zum 1. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße zu verstehen, unter "Innenseite" die Nordwestseite zum 2. Abschnitt (= Bogen > Tetrapylon) der Säulenstraße.- Der Bogen stammt aus der Zeit des Septimius Severus, also um ca. 200 n. Chr. ]
Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
shap_import_70671
Lower village of Afamiya with the museum in an Ottoman khan and village houses
General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Stimmt die Standortangabe ? Dazu passt, dass der Standort etwas erhöht ist: das Zenobia Hotel liegt auf einem Hügel. Dagegen spricht das Gebäude unten links: wenn es das Tempel-Grab ist, müsste man links die Säulenfassade und keine Wand sehen. Jedenfalls: von ~ Südosten die Burg auf ihrem Bergkegel. ['Zenobia Hotel (?),'] ]
The damage of the minaret
General view of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Al-Bara, oil mill, 5th-6th c.
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, damage mapping (English)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
A side from the city, showing the arch of triumph and Ibn Ma'n Citadel
A shepherd with his herd on the arch bridge which leads to Shayzar Castle
General view of the city of Harim, Muhafazat Idlib
Ar-Rusafa, Decoration details on the inner facade of the North Gate
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
Aleppo countryside, Dome houses
Trulli house
Columns with Corinthian capitals in one of Sirjilla's buildings
Burj al-Ghanam, partial view of the tower's south eastern facade
shap_import_63420
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima, exterior view
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
A woman showing a woven saddle bag with embroidery
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy
Hama, The historic alley leading to al-ʿAzm Palace
A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, main entrance and minaret
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Corinthian capital
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, upper part of the main entrance - foundation inscription
View from south to the church of Kharab Shams
[Original: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, von W]
Raqqa, City Wall
Nicephorium; City Wall
Salt production in extraction, possibly in as-Sabkha in the Euphrates Valley
[Original: Salzgewinnung im Euphrattal]
Ar-Raqqa - Islamic coins discovered in the site of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Numairidian Coin; approx. 450 h.; Ra91-GrMo-8145 (A)
Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the northern iwan
Small iwan in the north of the courtyard. Size of plan 50 x 20, with ruler (no scale).
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Entrance of Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit
The entrance, leading to the external section (barrani), is one of the most beautiful entrances of Islamic baths. It was built according to the Ablaq masonry system, with stone rows alternating between white, gray and blue colors. This entrance is a retreat in the façade, topped by an ornate arch from the outside. The lower part of the dome of the barrani section is composed of many windows. This building is vanished nowdays!
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - tomb chamber
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Remains of the mosque of the western enclosure
Tall Dahab, Woman carrying firewood
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad – sherds
Raqqa IV; Tall Aswad; Pottery garden probl. near excavation house in Tall Bi'a
Village of ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the living room of the central hall house of a Kurdish family
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
Manufacturing of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, remains of the Column of Saint Simeon the Stylite
St. Simeon is said to have spent part of his life here and perched on a column. The column’s remains are located in the middle of the octogonal central building.
Arched window of perforated stucco, al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
[ Description by author: zum Innenhof. ]
The façade of al-Hayr al-Gharbi Palace, National Museum of Damascus
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
View of the Khabur River with willow-trees in the 1960s
A staircase in Ibn Maʿn Castle
A photo of stairway with arches, Busra Citadel
HQ-k.K7 Aside from the Citadel, stairwell
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, the great iwan dome
Raqqa, Western Palace, aerial view of excavation site
The aerial picture shows how the site looked during its excavation. At the edge of the excavation site, clay bricks are laid out for drying. [Original on the back: '86']
Exterior view of the dome of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi Mausoleum, Damascus
[Ooriginal: Damaskus. Hinter d. Omajadenmoschee]
Interior view of the church, Qarqbiza
[Original: einschiffige Kirche, Innenansicht]
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Innenseite, gesehen von ~ Nordosten. Vgl. Bild 1607 !
Bayt Dallal, geometrical floor design in front of the iwan
Ploughing at a grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
In the Syrian desert: the separation of the living and the storage compartment in a bedouin tent with the help of a stick mat (arab. zarb)
Large patchwork curtains cover the stacks of bedding and - as here - the partition wall separating the two tent sections. The girls of the family sew these huge patchwork curtains. The living compartment of the tent is visible on #2852 and #2853.
Decoration detail on the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)
Raqqa, enclosure wall and arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
Damage of the outside westrn facade and the minaret. Here in general the west facade of space 02 and the minaret 03 are seen..
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, gate portal
Maize field adjacent to the houses of Mishrifa village on top of the city wall of Qatna
A side of the architectural remains, Mari (Tall al-Hariri)
Colored mosaic in the western arcade of the Umayyad Mosque
Roman capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Spolie am größeren Bau im Hof. Auch hier zweifle ich - wegen der Assymmetrie - ob es sich ursprünglich um ein Säulenkapitell handelt. Und die "Flachheit" des Dekors - kein Akanthus-"Korb", sondern eher ein "übergezogenes Netz", läßt an frühe arabische Kapitelle (z.B. 'Anjar) denken ....... [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
Citadel of Aleppo, courtyard of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Khan al-Jumruk, interior facade of the Khan's entrance
Windows of a facade in the courtyard. [Original: Khân al-Jumruk,Halab / Aleppo. Fenster im Innenhof des Gebäudes. Es stammt aus dem 17. Jh.. Vgl. Bild 1220 !. 18/04/2001 (?)']
Narrow hidden alley in the city of Halle, Germany
ʿAyn al ʿArus, Stone arcades
A photo showing tomb towers, part of modern city and the oasis
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, dome of the prayer hall
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner
Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain), The traditional operation of threshing wheat
Burj as-Saʿa, upper part of the entrance
Bimaristan an-Nuri, The main entrance decorated with muqarnas
Sahl Hawran (Hawran plain), Natural landscape and agriculture
50 piastres (F.A.O. coin: increasing of world food production), 23,5 mm, 1976
Remains of the Byzantine tower incorporated into the Umayyad complex at Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (Palace)
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (Arabic)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
The Mediterranean coast of Baniyas city in 1960s
A herd of sheep grazing in front of Shayzar Castle
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in al-Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
Khan al-Jumruk, general view
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Today empty domed houses in an Assyrian village seen from the street side
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Hypogeum of the Three Brothers from the inside - mural paintings
[ Description by author: Linke Wand, Rückwand und Decke der freskierten Halle. In der Lünette Achill auf Skyros, in der Decke die Entführung des Ganymed. ]
Sulphurous karst spring of the Khabur at Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, stone arches
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the hot section (juwwani)
View to the west.
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, view towards east
Jurn Kabir, a swift that was found on the ground
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside
Bab Antakiya, main gate
General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn (castle)
[Original: mittelalterliche arabische Burg]
View to the south from ad-dalati street.
Hadrian’s Arch, 3rd c. AD
The triumphal arc was constructed in honour of the Roman emperor Hadrian and linked the colonnaded street to the Temple of Baal. In 2015 it was blown up by ISIS.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
Western facade of the Seraya complex (Maʿbad Zeus), Qanawat
[Original: Zweigeschossige Fassade mit drei rechteckigen Portalen (prostyler Tempel aus der 2. Hälfte des 2. Jhs, im 5. Jh. christlich überarbeitet)]
East of the Ghuta, rural houses in the Marj area
Maʿlula, traditional hillside houses with galleries opening to the valley during the 1960s
Temporary title for Image 91128
scan 1996 الشعيبية
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
Raqqa - finds discovered in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex
Ra O-OK 221 Oil lamp. [original: 'Öllampe']. [ 89/53/836] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico - Mamluk rank
Bimaristan an-Nuri, the courtyards western facade
Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla
Raqqa - Glass discovered at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Northern Complex; glass jar (fragmented)
A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus
The Ghuta consisted of a large number of groves separated from each other by walls or mud fences. There was often a small road between a grove and another, where it was accessed through a gate. The walls were built of rammed earth, an old tradition of rural architecture in the region.
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, carved decoration on the exterior facade
The Monastery of St Sergius, Maʿlula
Ghouta of Damascus, A grove of vegetables and fruit trees
Architectural Ummayad vestiges in Jabal Says
Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi, seen towards the south
[Original: Mo. Nach S.]
an-Nabi Huri (Cyrrhus), View from inside the Roman mausoleum
Noria (water wheel) with aqueduct in ar-Rastan in 1930
An old vintage print (postal card? Labeled Photo ARCHO) of one of the norias of Orontes River near the city of ar-Rastan. The aqueduct, made of stone vaults, receives water from the noria’s buckets.
A part of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya, showing a vaulted arcade and the two minarets of the mosque
Details of lintel decorations, Theater of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Rückseite des Tores von Bild 0721, Detail der rechten Seite. Man erkennt links eine Büste ohne Kopf, daneben ein sitzendes Huftier oder vielleicht einen Faun. Dieses/r entspricht genau der Figur ganz links auf der linken Spolie in der arabischen Bastion Bild 0598 ! Vgl. auch Bild 0754 ! ]
ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica
![Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2Fshap_import_44760.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]
shap_import_44760
Bel Temple, column with Ionic captial on the south facade of the cella
[ Description by author: Tele-Aussschnitt aus Bild 0614: das jonische Kapitell der linken Halbsäule der Cella-Südwand. ]
View, from south, at northern overbuilt part of Suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (Picciotto house)
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
Hand printed fabric combining plant and animal motifs
Baalshamin Temple (2nd c AD), view from north west
The stairs of the Hananiya Church in Bab Tuma quarter
The church of Hananiya can be reached by a narrow staircase with small stone steps.
An artificial canal, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Interior view of Qanawat theater
View to the south from the battlements of the citadel to the city in 1916
In the foreground the Khusrawiyya complex is partly visible, as is the mosque as-Saffahiyya and parts of the districts al-Jallum and Sahat Bizza.
Qanawat, General view of the nymphaeum
A partially demolished historic building in the historic Midan district
Maintenance work in the course of the Barada River, Damascus
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's western facade
shap_import_63412
The facade of Arwad citadel
Habuba Kabira, View from the inside of the room while constructing the dome
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, prayer niche
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, nave looking west
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, sabil (fountain)
Busra Theater, one of the main destinations for tourists
Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam
One of the towers of Qalʿat (castle) Shayzar
The men's quarters (Salamlik), Qasr al-ʿAzm
(Offizieller Bereich): Innenhof. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
The courtyard of al-Jami‘ al-ʿUmari in Busra
A view of the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Jisr Dayr az-Zawr, al-Furat
A favissa or ritual pits east of Ishtar temple, Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Remains of walls in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Southwest Tower, Khan al-Hallabat
[ Description by author: (der linke von Bild 0944), gesehen von Südosten. ]
Stonework in the Citadel of Damascus
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of faience tiles
View of the Mediterranean Sea, Tartus
Plan of (dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Kapitell einer Säule des Konchos.'].
Hammam Bahram Basha, dome of the cold section (barrani)
Bayt Ajiqbash, window stone decoration of the courtyard facade
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette
General view showing the remains of city wall on the right
[ Description by author: In der Mitte das Tempelgrab, ganz rechts ein Turm der Mauer, dahinter Säulen vom 3. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße, links oben die Burg. Blick nach ~ Norden. ]
Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner
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A view of an-Nuri mosque and the Kilaniyya norias (water wheels), Hama
[Original: Nuri-Moschee am Orontes (unter Nur ad-Din 1162/63 errichtet) und Norias]
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, damage mapping (Arabic)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the main entrance
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Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the south bastion facade
Main fassade of Jamiʿ at-Tawashi mosque (video)
Photograph of mosque's main, southeastern, fassade during ongoing works of refurbishment and partly recovery work. Video of the movement of a panorama composed of several images
Busra, al-Jami‘ al-ʿUmari and Hammam Manjak, exterior facades
The minaret of Jamiʿ (Mosque) ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi
[ Description by author: Da dieses Bild von der Filmnummer zwischen dem Darwîsch-Kloster (Bild 0356) und der Moschee Shaikh Mûhi d-Dîn al-'Arabi (Bild 0358) steht, dürfte es sich um das MInarett eines der beiden Gebäude handeln. ]
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior
Aleppo Great Mosque, prayer hall interior
Al-Madrasa al Kamiliyya, Iwan of the courtyard
Hiraqla victory monument, Western gate - decorative stone panel
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Erbaut 1348. Hier ein Fenster - wie es scheint, auf Straßenniveau. Vgl. Bild 1285, 1286 ! - Zum GPS-Tag: allgemein auf das Gebäude gesetzt, da ich nicht angeben kann, auf welcher Seite der Standort war.'].
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, minaret
as-Suwayda', "Mashnaqa Arch" or remains of a Byzantine basilica
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Quranic calligraphy
In the Euphrates valley in Jurn Kabir, shepherd herding the flocks of his village
Pottery manufacturing in the Khabur region, probably in al-Busayri
A view of people in traditional dress with a camel in Shahba
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, exterior view - eastern facade and domes
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus
[ Description by author: [Original: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. Es bildete das östliche Ende der Geraden Straße, deren ursprüngliche Struktur hier noch gut zu erkennen ist. Alles Drumherum ist modern.- Khâlid Ibn al-Walîd betrat Damaskus bei der Eroberung 634 durch dieses Tor. Vgl. Bild 0324 !] ]
Sphinx in the Temple of 'Ayn Dara
General view of the Umayyad Mosque, Damascus
Inner courtyard, vault, corridor, minaret, dome
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, public fountain (sabil) beside the main entrance
Tall Brak, general view of the main mound
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Painting of a calligraphy work of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Mohammad Haj Qab in the age of 17 working with the craft of ‘Ajami
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa (mamluke), section north-south, view to west
Size of plan 22 x 32, with ruler (no scale).
Khan Ujkhan، main entrance
al-Burayj, General view of the Monastery of Saint Daniel, 6th c. AD
[Description/Comment by the author:] Gesehen von ~ Südosten. Links Reste eines Turmes, der von manchen für der einer Kirche (die Steine links davon) gehalten wird. Das Gebäude rechts daneben enthält u.a. eine Kapelle, zum Türsturz vgl.Bild 2685 ! Dahinter die Pfeiler der dreistöckigen Galerie der Pilgerherberge. Das rechte Gebäude besteht aus zwei Teilen: links ein Turm, vermutlich der eines Einsiedlers, um den sich das Kloster entwickelte (der "Erker" wäre dann die Toilette), rechts ein angefügtes Gebäude, in dem sich Arcosol-Gräber befinden. Die Anlage stammt aus dem späten 6. Jh.. Vgl. Bild 2706 !
Khusrawiyya, Friday Mosque, view of an window with ablaq and ceramic tiles
Maronite Cathedral, upper pointed part of one of the cathedral towers
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Part of the western enclosure
Hammam al-Bayyada, the main entrance
Ghuta of Damascus, artificial irrigation canal system
Khan Qurtbak, eastern arcade
Telegraph column, Sahat (square) al-Marja
Traditional house with reed hut ("sibat", arab.) in Euphrates valley at the national road 4/junction to ar-Raqqa
Al-Mudiq Castle sits on a large hill
View of the city of Saydnaya with its monastery
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, courtyard - inscription on the northern facade
In Suq al-Buzuriyya with its many small spices and remedy shops
The dome hall in the upper floor of Qasr al-ʿAzm (Palace)
Der Kuppelsaal. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Qanawat, Rural house
al-Bara, Dayr (monastery) Subat, 6th c.- General view
Hypogeum of the Three Brothers from the inside - mural paintings
Nekropole - Grab der drei Brüder - 160 nChr {Foto}
An abandoned building in Circassian district, Raqqa
[Original: Tscherkessenviertel]
Remains of Afamiya Theater
Khan Qurdbak, dome of the entrance
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, an arcade topped by a cross vault
Courtyard on the upper floor, Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
as-Saray al-Kabir, a view of the plaza in front of Aleppo citadel’s entrance
A picture taken before the war from as-Saray al-Kabir that shows the plaza opposite the entrance of the Aleppo Citadel. This square is furnished with basalt and limestone tiles and palm trees
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
Raqqa V; Restoration of Eastern Palace
Hammam an-Nahhasin, the cold section (barrani)
The platforms of the external section (barrani) are divided by wooden barriers with geometric forms, and the walls are also covered with wooden panels. Due to the continuous use of this bathroom, the platforms are upholstered for the convenience of visitors.
Inscription on the wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya
Habuba Kabira, to make burghul (wheat grits) the wheat is cooked in a huge pot and then carried to a drying place
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, iwan of hall entrance
Ornament over a window, Khan Sulayman Basha al-ʿAzm
[ Description by author: Dekor über dem linken Fenster von Bild 0313. ]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall - octagonal neck of the dome
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
South-Thermae, Forecourt before Renewal
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - marble decoration
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
Two workshops for the manufacture and sale of iron tools in Raqqa
A cart dragged by a young horse to transport goods in ar-Raqqa
General view of Maʿlula
[ Description by author: Gesehen bei der Anfahrt von ~ Süden. Auf dem Berg hinten links Kirche und Kloster der Heiligen Sergios (Mâr Sarkîs) und Bacchos.- Ma'lûlâ und eine Nachbargemeinde sind die einzigen Orte, in denen noch bis ins 20. Jh. Aramäisch gesprochen wurde, heute ist es praktisch ausgestorben.- Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ. ]
Damascus, Hammam al-Qaramani
Arch with tympanum of a gate? Hammam al-Qaramani
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Mamluk rank
Parts of Qalʿat Shayzar with one of the towers
Habuba Kabira, in the courtyard clay bricks are lying out to dry
Al-Khubra lake in Jabal Says
Junblat house, the southern iwan decorated with marble and tiles
The summer iwan belongs to a residential large house with several courtyards and opens to one of them. It is lined with ceramic tiles. Parts of the complex were damaged during the war.
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the prayer niche (mihrab)
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Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard
Hama, general overview at the Jisriyya/Bridge Noria (waterwheel)
Here, in the picture from the thirties of the twentieth century, you can see the waterwheel, together with the name giving bridge, a separate building, as well as the terraces of two excursion locales or cafes. [Original description: Oronte eclairci NB] Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
coins from ar-Raqqa, National Museum Damascus; A.16046
East part of suq al-Nuri (?)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - plan
The nord thalamos in the cella, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Cella: Nord-Thalamos für die Götter-Triade Aglibol (Mondgott) - Bel (oberster Himmelsgott) - Yarhibol (Sonnengott). ]
Aleppo in the 1930s, aerial view in northwest direction with the citadel and the old town in the background
On the left side of this picture you can see the areas of the bazaar with the big mosque. On the gate of the citadel you can still see the remains of the domes of the throne hall. On the back of the photos: [1988/144]. On the back of the photos: ['1988/203']. [Objekt: Reproduktion SW-Fotos, 24.Juni 1988, Peter Grunwald, Film 1 (2), Ende Film 2]
Suq Aslan Dada, rebuilding of northern entrance, view towards south
Damascus, part of the city wall and the eastern tower
View from boat to Jabal ʿAruda-massif
Citadel of Aleppo, minaret of the Great Mosque
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, the kitchen entrance
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC
The remains of the Hittite temple on the citadel hill, discovered during excavations in the 1990s, show mixed creatures and gods on basalt relief stones.
Damaged buildings in Qunaytra
Busra - Jamiʿ (msoque) al-Mabrak, the courtyard
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance
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Ar-Rusafa, general view of the remains of Basilica A
An aerial view of a water canal in the village of Shaykh Hilal
This image shows clearly the path of an old waterway. The residents make holes to clean the canals and they are visible on the surface. Olive trees spread near the canal.
An open sky passage in the Castle of Harim
Drawings of an Ikat design
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Raqqa - excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
Raqqa VII; Eastern East Palace
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
Khan Qurdbak, entrance - wooden door covered with iron
Introducing the blue dye in boiling water to the silk threads. This process is repeated several times until the silk absorbs the blue dye effectively
Exterior view of al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus
[ Description by author: [Original: Außenseite, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Vgl. Bild 0323 !] ]
Terrace with portico in the upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm
The view of a wall in Shayzar Castle shows three tipped arched niches, each with an entrances and a window.
A room in the family wing (haramlik or juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the entrance
General view of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Installation of tied and dyed warp threads for weaving in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Qastal
Bayt Wakil, qaʿa, front elevation of the hall's facade
Elevation drawing. No scale
Bayt Dallal, iwan ceiling and canopy
Habuba Kabira, shell of the dome house made of dried clay bricks with quarry stone base
General view of Husn Sulayman
An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel
[ Description by author: auf der Ostseite des Nordost-Turms (vgl. Bild 0143 !). Mit der Inschrift habe ich Probleme: nach dem Rahmen scheint sie mir aus späterer türkischer Zeit, ca. 19.Jh., zu stammen - aber der Text scheint mir Arabisch und nicht Osmanli zu sein. Auf jeden Fall steht sie unter einem älteren - mamlukischen ? - Relief(band). Zu erkennen sind zwei - gegenständige ? - Löwen, unter dem rechten ein junger Löwe. Darunter eine Art Muqarnas. ]
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a general view of the the valley around the twin castle
Engraving of Aglibol (god of the moon), Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0637: Aglibol an seinem Altar, hinter ihm ein Adler mit einem Palmzweig. ]
Wedding party in a street in Mukhayyam al-Yarmuk in Damascus
Wedding party
The façade of the cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa, the museum of Tartus today
Tall Mumbaqa, Women prepare salad for the banquet of the excavation
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, main entrance
View from Qalat al-Mudhiq to the lower village and the Ottoman Khan in the Orontes plain
An olive grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
The Citadel of Damascus from the inside, 2003
Inner courtyard, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya
General view of Hiraqla victory monument, near Raqqa
Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Side of the Excavation
Fluted column- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Khusrawiyya-complex, view of the Mosque in 2010
Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west
The gate is topped by a pointed vault. It was built in the style of Ablaq, in which stone rows alternates between black and white colors.
A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the outer entrance and the minaret
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa", Palace D, stucco decorations
Small wadi in the desert of Badiyat ash-Sham
Minaret of the Great Mosque of Hama
Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani) after the destruction
Al-Khusrawiyya, view at the Madrasa courtyard in 2007
Maronite Cathedral, the nave
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of one of the towers, flanking the gate
[Original: Turm links]
Khan Sulayman Basha, view into the courtyard
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1732. Die beiden Kuppeln existieren nicht mehr, aber auch die Bögen mit den riesigen Trompen sind eindrucksvoll. ]
The dome house in Taanayel: final touches
A view of the dome house after the process of plastering with lime. In the photo we can see the entrance to one of the rooms and a small window in the other room.
At-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya, domed arcade and behind it larger domes covering a range of rooms
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
‘ataba ceiling in the main courtyard, north wing of the Qasr al-‘Azm in Damascus, today known as the "Bride´s Room"
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Agricultural fields and industrial complex near Baniyas
Aerial photograph of Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains) with Barada valley
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, Glazed pottery
West Palace; Glazed pottery, waster pottery
Aghabani table cloth
On september 14th at the Holy Cross Feast in Maʿlula, with the standard of the Holy Cross Youth
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, muqarnas decoration on the prayer niche
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the main hall (qaʿa)
[Original: B86 /Film XV]
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the cold section (barrani)
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view from the courtyard to entrance and minaret
Exterior view of Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'', Damascus
View from the top towards the oasis and the ruins of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Ganz vorn unten ein Stück der Stadtmauer. Hinten das Areal des Bel-Tempels, vgl. Bild 0811 ! Ganz rechts, hinter der Mauer, ein Teil des Hotels Sham Palace. Blick nach ~ Osten. ]
An irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the red hall (qaʿa)
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the upper part of the wooden prayer niche
Two-storey villa, Sirjilla
warp threads of dyed silk in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas
Citadel od Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall
[Original: Grabung Kohlmeyer]
Examples of embroidery stitches
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Minaret of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, as-Salamiyya
Gesehen von der Sâhat al-Hurriya nach ~ Südosten. Im Vordergrund zwei byzantinische Säulen mit Kapitellen, vermutlich aus einer Kirche. [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri, plan
Bludan houses overlooking the Zabadani plain
Statue of a benefactor on a column along the Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: und Würdenträgers. Wie Bild 0658, aber frontal. ]
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, double arcade front of the prayer hall
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall
[Original: Ausgrabung Kai Kohlmeyer]
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis - section of the facade and the dome
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, osman. (heute Mosaiken-Museum)]
Eastern entrance of Suq al-Hamidiyya, Old Damascus
Qal‘at Shayzar (castle), The stairs leading to the entrance
A modern three storeys building in Raqqa
The courtyard of the Madrasa as-Sulaymaniyya
View on the Euphrates River from the site of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
The region of Limestone Massif, where Qal'at Sam'an (monastery of St. Simeon) is situated
Busra, Hammam Manjak, niches in the hot section (juwwani)
Qanawat, General view the nymphaeum
Al-Madrasa as-Sharafiyya, main entrance facade, Inscription
View from Tall Hamidiyya to the plain, Wadi Jaghjagh and fields, © Karin Pütt (CC-BY-NC-ND)
Remains of a façade of the Roman temple, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Fassade, gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari- A photo taken from the minaret showing the courtyard and the prayer hall
Shard of colored pottery, ar-Raqqa Museum
Kharab Shams, central nave of the basilica
[Orignal: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, Mittelschiffarkaden nach Osten]
Left volute of the lintel, Damascus Gate, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Die linke Volute des Türsturzes, gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, The flattened dome roofs have just received new plastering.
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Propylon of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: der Anlage, diesmal gesehen von ~ Nordosten längs der Säulenstraße Richtung Monumentalbogen. Gut zu erkennen, dass das Propylon höher ist als die Kolonnade (Halbsäule - Pfeiler) und dass es in die Straße vorspringt (Halbsäule / Pfeiler - Säulen). ]
Al-Khusrawiyya, Friday Mosque, 1547
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and southern iwan (the great iwan)
Aleppo: Citadel, entrance 12th – 16th c.
Temple of Mushannaf, southwest corner, pilaster capital
Topographical map collection "UAR North (Syrian) region, district El Furāt" of 1960
Photographic reproduction of a topographic map of ar-Raqqa area, scale 1:25.000 (Partley corrected by hand into scale 1:20.000). Based on combined contour/ stereo-topographic survey of 1959. Clarke's ellipsoid of 1880. Lambert's coordinates system (Levant's zone). Mediterranean height system (Beirut's)
Northwest corner of Nabu Temple
[ Description by author: ~ Nordwest-Ecke. In der Mitte das Podium des Tempels, vorn zwei Säulen und viele Basen der ~ West-Kolonnade des Tempelhofes. Hinten rechts die Propyläen, ganz hinten links die arabische Bastion des Bel-Tempels. ]
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer hall
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, tomb - interior view of the dome damages
An upward view of the overall roof structure, a stone dome, elevated on a dodecagonal drum, and below, bent squinches made of muqarnas (stalactite forms) in transition to the quadrilateral form on pointed arches. Missing elements on north part of the drum; a hole of 2m dia., and loose elements/ cracks in the dome stonework construction
Bayt Mustafa al-Jabiri (Bayt cad. VII 2056) before belonging to waqf al-Jabiri
Size of plan 55 x 45. with ruler (no scale)
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, courtyard - lobed angle fountain
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Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance
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East and south side of the cella of Bel Temple
Parts of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm), view on the Euphrates River
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
Exterior view of the wall of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Sample catalogue for silk fabrics, textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Maronite Cathedral, the altar
Jamiʿ ad-Darwishiyya, framed window with a decorative strip, topped by an ornamental arch
[ Description by author: mit Bordüre. ]
Ground plan of buildings in southern Suwayqat Ali in Farafira quarter.
Part of Farafira, Cad.district VII-3-1, incl. Matbakh al-Ajami before destruction by street [27]/see book Suwayqat Ali, p. 45. size of plan 55 x 45 .with ruler (55 x 45).
Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Khan al-Jumruk, view of the mosque in the center of the Khan's courtyard
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of the prayer niche (mihrab)
Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya
The shrine room of the Prophet Zakariya – the father of the Prophet Yahya, or, in the Christian tradition, John the Baptist – lies to the left (east) of the main niche forming the front of the centrally positioned nave of the prayer hall. It is shielded by a copper screen and topped by a small dome. The shrine room of the Prophet Zakariya was renovated and decorated according to the long inscription above it dated 1120 AH / 1708 AD. The shrine room of Zakariya shows a characteristic Ottoman feature. It is covered by several types of ceramic tiles. First, there is a unique type of hexagonal tiles, based on an early Iznik blue and white prototype from the 16th century with plump peony motifs. A second group of tiles are of the ‘Dome of the Rock’ type. Also, there are two types of rectangular border tiles decorated with cruciform ogival medallions amongst scrolling arabesques and foliage and two different colour schemes: one in black on a turquoise ground, the other in apple green outlined in brown on a white ground.
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the main facade with muqarnas and rich decorations
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
View of the remains of the Nabu Temple showing the podium
[ Description by author: Sein Podium mit dem Aufgang, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Im Hintergrund die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni, links davon der Oberteil des Tetrapylon. In der Mitte hinter dem Tempel die Säulen der Diokletians-Thermen. ]
General view of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Old aerial photo of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya, Damascus
[Original:'Damaskus, Großes Derwisch-Kloster (Luftbild)']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
At the peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
General view of Halabiyya ruins
Forests in the Syrian Coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
[Original: Ansariyengebirge]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas details
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the northern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara
The gate of the northeastern wall, Agora
[ Description by author: Das hohe Tor der Nordostwand und Blick nach ~ Südwesten ins Innere. ]
Ar-Raqqa, part of city wall
Mausoleum az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall
Palm trees in Palmyra oasis
[Original: Palmen in Palmyra]
Jabal ʿAruda, ruins of a temple from the middle of the 4th millennium BC
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of textile manufacturing
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Eastern North Complex; Middle Trench
Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard
Raqqa, Tall Aswad, small finds
Raqqa countryside, Men in a traditional tent in Suwaydiyya Kabira village
The gate of the citadel seen from the east in the evening light
Bimaristan Arghun, westward view of main doorway
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
Safita, The Donjon of the Templars with a chapel in the ground floor
A view from the courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
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Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), general view from the outside
General view of the castle and the village, Qalʿat Najm
Part of the city wall of ar-Raqqa after the restoration
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The minaret seen from the street
Jamiʿ(mosque) al-Hanabila - north-south section with the prayer hall, courtyard, and the minaret
Khan al-Jumruk, drawing of the interior facade of the Khan's entrance
A view of the inner courtyard showing the Seljuk dome with muqarnas, al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, courtyard
A side of archaeological remains in Khirbat as-Sarayij
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
Jisr ash-Shughur, the ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle
Corinthian capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Spolie am größeren Bau im Hof der Moschee. [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, the kitchen entrance
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The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: ~ Nordwestliche Seite mit einem Altar und Zugängen zu den unterirdischen Bankettsälen. Gesehen von ~ Osten. ]
Busra - Birkat (pool) al-Hajj and Jamiʿ (mosque) Abu al-Fidaʾ
Old Damasccus, an artisan engraves on copper vessel
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, the prayer niche
Colored mosaic in the western arcade of the Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Decke des mittleren Schiffs, gesehen nach ~ Südwesten. ]
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and (pond) Birkat al-Hajj, filled with rain water
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari from the south
Khan Qurdbak, iwan of the Mamluk palace
Hiraqla victory monument - plan of ground level
Reconstruction drawing of gound level. Plan showing construction system. (with ruler)
Theater, view to proscenium and scenae frons
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Mamluk rank
Raqqa, hypothetic reconstruction of the prayer hall of Grand Abbasid Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq)
Isometric view drawing. Scale ruler
Remains of the façade, South Temple in ʿAtil
View from afar to al-Mudiq Citadel
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, ground floor plan
Ground floor with iwan [21], size of plan 70 x 45. with ruler (no scale).
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inner courtyard with eastern arcade
ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior
[Original: 7-Syr98/17-14]
Remains of the temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: die noch verblieben sind. Der Tempel soll aus der Zeit des Kaisers Philippus Arab, also kurz vor 250 n. Chr. stammen. Wikipedia spricht von "Hauranischem Einfluss": dazu würde der Basaltkern der Säulen gut passen - was römisch in Damaskus erhalten ist, ist Kalkstein. Vgl. Bild 0374 und 0375 ! ]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of eastern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
The window topped by an inscription panel
Aleppo Great Mosque, courtyard general view towards north west
View of courtyard (Sahn) showing its two-coloured pavements and the two ablution fountains with cupolas, the octogonal is Hamdanid, and the famous minaret in the north western corner, before its destruction in 2013!
Terrace of Ishtar or Lions Terrace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Davor ein Teil des Gebäudes PS. Im Hintergrund links das Fort V (vgl. Bild 1194 - 1199 !) und rechts das Gebäude (Palast ?) Z (vgl. Bild 1193 !). Der Blick geht von ~ der Akropolis nach ~ West-Nord-West. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Agriculture at the foot of Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains)
Al-Madrasa as-Sulaymaniyya, courtyard with fountain, arch arcades and mosque
[ Description by author: Blick über den Innenhof mit dem Wasserbecken von der Moschee nach ~ Nordosten. Vgl. Bild 0128 und 0129 ! ]
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard, windows of the northern facade
View to the village north of Jabal ʿAruda, graves in the foreground
Burj as-Saʿa, inscription
Jurn Kabir, wooden door bar lock, seen from the interior side
Bayt Ajiqbash, carved stone at the courtyard
Bayt Ghazala, 17th c. ground floor plan
The only private house that includes a private bath (hammam) and six courtyards. It suffered structural damages and the loss of unique interior decorations (ʿajami).
View from afar, Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance and the sabil
View of an orchard in the Ghuta of Damascus
A female Kurdish tribe leader wearing a screen-printed headscarf called Habari
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard with fountains, minaret, northern and western arcades
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, column with its capital
View to the east. The northern riwaq to the left, and the northern facade to the right. The burned eastern part is in the background. The space is 07 in general, according to the ground plan. Here in general F, Ft. Wc. Wd, and Wa. are seen.
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), West door of the Chapel
Palmyra, Grave in Diocletian Camp
[ Description by author: Eingang zu einem Grab in der Nähe des Fahnenheiligtums. Vgl. Bild 0760 ! ['~ kein Datum !] ]
The upper part of the minaret of an-Nuri Mosque
View to the proscenium and scaenae frons, Palmyra Theater, 2nd c. AD
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Workshop of Abdelraouf and Ziad Baydon in Malaysia
Door with ornaments on the lintel, Qarqbiza
[Original: Haus, Tür mit Ornamenten auf dem Türsturz]
Bab Antakiya, general view of the gate with the city's wall
Lower part of Temple colomns, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: Wie an der linken Säule erkenntlich, wurde offensichtlich ein Basaltkern mit anderem Material (Kalkstein ?) umkleidet. Ich habe irgendwo auch etwas von nabatäischem Einfluss gelesen: diese Säulen-Umkleidung erinnert u.a. sehr stark an die im Löwen-Greifen-Tempel in Petra. Vgl. Bild 0373 ! ]
Traditional dish served in a village, at-Tabqa
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, prayer niche
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Traditional houses in a village, near the Sajur river
Habuba Kabira, shell of a dome house made of clay bricks
View from a far to the basilica in Kharab Shams
Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, internal view of the portal
Tall Bdiri, House consisting of a large living room with a small attached kitchen
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard, doors to cells
Bayt Dallal, iwan - wooden decorated canopy
Burj Alaʾ, southern facade from the inside with the arrow slit
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Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, horizontal sundial
Sirjilla, two-storeyed andron
[Original: Andron mit doppelgeschossiger Vorhalle, von Konsolenkapitellen getragen, 6. Jh.]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - glazed pottery
Tall Aswad; Glazed Pottery; ROM 10
Tomb of the three Brothers, 2nd c.
The colourful fresco of the subterranean burial chamber present mythological creatures. Local and Roman artistic traditions were joined together.
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa, section east-west, view to south
Annex building in the north of Matbakh al Ajami, size of plan 25 x 30, with ruler (no scale).
Bimaristan an-Nuri, mill stones nade of basalt
Restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Suq Aslan Dada, rebuilding of northern entrance, view towards south
Habuba Kabira, inside the double-dome room with its relief arch
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, northwest corner of the large hall
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
An artificial irrigation canal, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Watermill on ʿAyn al-ʿArus lake
Shops for buying traditional utensils in Raqqa
General view of Jaʿbar castle
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Natural view near the village of ʿArna on Jabal ash-Shaykh
The Buwayda pond at the foot of the Ayyubid citadel in Salkhad
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Raqqa, main shopping road with salesman of vegetables
Courtyard with fountain, Qasr As‘ad Basha al-'Azm
1929?
Byzantine decorated basalt stone reused in the construction of Qal‘at Shayzar
Maʿlula, St.Tekla Convent during the Holy Cross feast on september 14th
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
The altar of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
[ Description by author: ~ Süd- und ~ Ostseite, dahinter die Stufen vom Aufgang des Podiums des Tempels. Die Reliefs sollen Gottheiten darstellen. ]
View of an orchard in the Eastern Ghouta
Remaining stones of ancient building on the Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Western and eastern altars which are fully preserved, al-Karasi
[ Description by author: "Die Sitze". Es sind vier Altäre, die in Form einer Raute aufgestellt sind - der vierte stand hinter zwischen den beiden voll erhaltenen. Die längere Achse - hier vom rechten zwischen den beiden anderen nach links - velief S > N, die voll erhaltenen sind also der westliche und der östliche Altar. Sie tragen Inschriften in Griechisch und Aramäisch (vgl. Bild 0571, 0572 und 0574, 0575 !), die besagen, dass die Altäre im Jahre 144 n. Chr. auf Kosten des Staatsschatzes errichtet wurden. Man vermutet, dass sie dem Schutz einer neuen Obstpflanzung dienten - noch heute, wenn auch auf den Fotos nicht zu sehen, wachsen viele Bäume in der Gegend, weswegen man die Altäre auch nur schwer findet ....... - Der GPS-Tag für diese sieben Bilder ist sehr approximativ ! ]
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, view of the portico and the domes from outside
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from the outside
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, minbar in the prayer hall (Samah Khana)
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription and decoration above the entrance
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![The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني 3_SYRHER]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_75456-1024x768.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني 3_SYRHER]
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
"Größeres Grabmal (im Grundriß quadratischer Raumkubus mit pyramidalem Dach), sp. 6. Jh."
The Khabur river near Raʾs al-ʿAyn, a small cable ferry from empty barrels for crossing the river
General view of Bel Temple with the palm trees
[ Description by author: Areal des Bel-Tempels, gesehen von ~ Westen. ]
Busra, Vaulted arcade, eastern facade of al-ʿUmari Mosque
View to northeast, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Nordosten. ]
Afamiya, Architectural component with showing ionic elements
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Restoration works
Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction
Drawing of total reconstruction [on original: III, Abb. 2, S. 12]
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration
Fortification of Halabiyya
Archs: Remains of al-Ashnan watermill on the foot of Qasyun mountain
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Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, exterior view of northern facade - entrance, minaret and garden
ar-Rusafa, Basilica C, View towards the apse
[Original: k.K6/=HQ k.K5]
Shops in Suq al-Hamidiyya, Old Damascus
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - founding inscription
Domed house in the village of Shaykh Hilal
A view of one of the village houses, with a front porch and a small garden planted with flowers.
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and western facade - the main hall facade
View from the Hotel Burj al-Fardous towards Old Damascus showing the Citadel
[ Description by author: Blick vom Hotel Burj al-Farâdîs nach ~ Osten: Al-Qal'a. ]
Maps of Aleppo: Sectoral concentration of trade and craft, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Sectoral concentration of trade and craft in the area of ancient city. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend. [Original in German: Aleppo: Branchenkonzentration von Handel und Gewerbe im Bereich Altstadt | Karte 4] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 /2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
Tall Bdiri, Abondened house with buttresses in the wall and at the door
Raqqa - finds discovered in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex
Ra O-OK 221 Oil lamp, side-face. [original: 'Öllampe, seitenansicht']. [ 89/53/837] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Jurn Kabir, inside a traditional living room, equipped with wooden door and window, water basin and felt carpet (lubbad)
A view from the west to Harim Castle
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing
Arwad, Ayyubid fort
Masbanat al-Jubayli, a soap cooking pot
The process of cooking the laurel soap is done in a large container, usually located in the ground floor of traditional soap manufactory.
Zayzun waterfalls of a tributary to Yarmuk river, which is there the border between Syria and Jordan
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
View of several buildings inside al-Marqab castle
Jabla, Sultan Ibrahim Mosque, Interior view of a dome
Fortification tower north of the Bab Antakiya, view during the removal of historical annexes
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
Khan Qurdbak, entrance
Tall Halaf with the Khabur-valley, seen from the northeast during the rainy season
Sinaniyya Street: traffic scene with tram in 1918
In the Sinaniyya street traditionally the pilgrimage-caravan to Mecca started. From 1904 to 1967 a tram line ran here.
A traditionally crafted tapestry weave of four panels, that are ornamented with embroidery
An apse in Hananiya church in Bab Tuma quarter
The stone vaulted niche contains three paintings that tell part of the stories of Paul the Apostle
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya) showing the niche (mihrab)
A part of Zengid bridge in ʿAyn Diwar
View of a road in al-Ghab Plain
Minaret and dome of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, Salamiyya
Gesehen vermutlich vom Dach des Hauses der Ghâli (Hishâm und Amjad) nach ~ Westen, vgl. Bild 1049 ! - Salamiya ist der (syrische) Hauptort der Ismailiten (Zweig der Shî'a) unter ihrem (derzeitigen) Oberhaupt Karîm Aga Khân. [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, northern facade - marble plaque dated 1315 AH and sealed by the Sultan Abd al-Hamid Khan (Tughra)
Excavation work, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
Lintel of the entrance of a hall in the roman religious complex, Mnin
[ Description by author: Detail aus dem Türsturz der kleinen Halle. ]
Manbij, cemetry and new buildings in the background, view from the south
ʿAyn al-Khadra, residential house with a central hall plan of a Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, exterior windows
Bab Qinnasrin, general view of the gate's tower with its machicolations and parapets
Maronite Cathedral, a cross shaped window
View of the stage and the scaenae frons, Theater of Palmyra
[ Description by author: und Cavea. Die Bühnenwand soll noch zwei weitere Etagen gehabt haben: wenn man in der Säulenstraße außen an ihr vorbeilief, muss man ziemlich "erschlagen" worden sein ....... Man beachte das Datum, für einen neueren Zustand vgl. Bild 0727 ! Blick nach ~ Nord-Nord-Ost. ]
Pavilion on the left of the Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi gate
[Original: Pavillon vorm linken Tor]
A side of the city remains, Ugarit
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Afamiya, the Ottoman Khan below Qalʿat al-Mudiq (al-Madiq castle)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, general view to north - courtyard, eastern arcade and iwan
[Original:'Madrasa al-Firdaus, Halab / Aleppo. Fertiggestellt 1235/36. Hier der Innenhof mit dem großen Iwân.].
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance details from the inside
The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985
View of the Orontes River with rapids
Raqqa, Tall Aswad, stucco
North-East Syria, the Upper Euphrates
Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance
A side from the Citadel of Busra
[Originalbeschriftung: HQ-k.K7]
The entrance of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya is richly decorated with ablaq masonry, a muqarnas vault and inscriptions
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, interior view of the prayer hall dome
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Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, general view from outside
[Original: Jâmi' al-Qîqân, Halab/ Aleppo, "Rabenmoschee" - etwa wegen der beiden wohl antiken / byzantinischen Basaltsäulen am Eingang? Eine weitere Merkwürdigkeit ist die Verwendung von Säulenstümpfen im Mauerwerk, was man sonst nur bei Festungsarchitektur sieht. Außerdem soll die Mosche "im Mauerwerk" - wo? - einen Stein mit hethitischer Inschrift bergen. 18/04/2001 (?)']
Habuba Kabira, the new dome house has received its first plaster layer
Khan Qurdbak, southern part of the Khan - iwan of the Mamluk Palace
© SMB, Museum for Islamic Art, image: G. Niedermeiser
Islamic coloured shard, ar-Raqqa museum
Reverse side of the ceiling of Bayt Ḫazīna-Kātibī / Niẓām with ‘Ajami decoration
View from above on the construction of the šīša-ceiling
A view from a high peak of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Pottery vessel from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.16067; R.6
ar-Rusafa, view into a conche of the Tetraconch-Church
Maronite Cathedral, the nave
![The eastern part of the building. This photos is of two ones, one of them is dated to 2011 and the other is taken from the net but not clear from where or when, therefore was put as no year. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني3_SYRHER]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_75457-1024x386.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
The eastern part of the building. This photos is of two ones, one of them is dated to 2011 and the other is taken from the net but not clear from where or when, therefore was put as no year. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني3_SYRHER]
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome
Qasr (palace) Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, inner courtyard
Manbij, Vegetable and fruit vendor in the centre
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall
[Original: Grabung Kohlmeyer]
Khusrawiyya, interiour view at sudda (tribune) in Friday Mosque in 2008
Salkhad - historical pond (birket)
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, entrance
Boats trip on the Euphrates River, near Jabal ʿAruda
Habuba Kabira, screening of barley as seed by the grandmother
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, windows with stone lattice screen (Transenna)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
The semi-circular towers of ar-Raqqa Wall
Suq Aslan Dada, view of the Mamluk coat of arms (rank) at the north entrance after completion of the rebuilding work
Northeast Tower, Khan al-Hallabat
[ Description by author: (der rechte von Bild 0944) und Eingang, gesehen von Südosten. ]
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
A view from Jabal ʿAruda toward the plain of Manbij
View to the proscenium and scaenae frons of Palmyra Theater
[Original: Theater, 2. Jh. n.Chr.]
Ash-Shaykh mountain, distant view of 'Arna village
A coffee house and waiting service taxi in the center of the small frontier town
A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
Kirkbiza in the Dead Cities: A farmer ploughing his field with a metal plough, pulled by a mule and an ox.
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
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Qanawat, view of the nymphaeum
Protection of archaeological site of Mari (Tall al-Hariri) with temporary coverage
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Stone coffins in the southern Palace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
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Wedding party in a street in Mukhayyam al-Yarmuk in Damascus
Remains of arches in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Bayt Ghazala, view of the bathhouse
Raqqa, Northeast Complex, coin found during the excavation
Tahir; Coin; approx. 199 h.; Ra-83-NO-06
Remains of a house, Qarqbiza
The Roman Theatre and the Ayyubid Citadel, Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
City center of Raqqa with a barber, small suq-shops and mobile traders of vegetables and fruits
Al-Khusrawiyya, ground floor plan of 1998
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View of the Tetrapylon at the sunset
[ Description by author: Abendstimmung. Gesehen von ~ Nordosten - der GPS-Tag ist approximativ ! ]
Plan of The Baths of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Extremer Ausschnitt aus einem Stadtplan. ]
Tall Mumbaqa, View to the north: shore of Assad-Lake with pumps
Irrigation pumps on the reservoir bank
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Tall Dahab, Cement-fixed area where rinsing or washing is carried out, body washing may take place there too
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), Inscription framed with decorations
Citadel of Aleppo, Barracks of Ibrahim Pasha - the Citadel Museum
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
25 pounds (Commemorative coins: twenty-fifth anniversary of Corrective Movement), 25 mm, 1995
Harim Castle, view into an entrance
Khan Qurtbak, courtyard and west arcade
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, entrance with half-dome and muqarnas
At that time the Bedouin tent was in the village ad-Duwaym in Nahyat al-Yarabiyya
The family belongs to the famous old Tayy-tribe.
Balcony above main portal of Khan al-Harir
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Mosque, decoration
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the body of the minaret is rich in decorations
[ Description by author: Fenster-Etage oberhalb des Sockels. ]
Zayzun tributary to Yarmuk river: Women washing wool as preparation for matresses as dowry
View into tent of nomadic family of Tayy-tribe
Khan as-Sabun, inner northern facade after widening the street
Monumental Arch and Colonnaded Street in Palmyra
Aleppo: cadastral plots plan of northern quarters of ancient city
Draft plan of cadastral plots of northern quarters of old city: Hayy al-Judayda, Hayy Qastal al-Musht, Hayy al-Almaji and Hayy al-Hazzaza
A part of architectural remains in Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Raqqa/Rafiqa, Wall decoration in the Iwan of Qasr al-Banat
[Original: Detail vom Palast Iwan/ nach Sarre-Herzfeld]
Khan as-Sabun, view of eastern gallery, northern inner facade and building part inside of courtyard
Mari (Tall al-Hariri), The Archive Hall in the Palace of Zimri lim
Kafr Halab village, clay dome houses
Maps of Aleppo: historical city and outskirts. 1969 with revisions in 1979 and 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo inner city and outskirts, showing remarkable buildings and main features of land use within the modern city districts. Scale 1:5000, ruler and legend, [Original in German: Aleppo: innenstadt und Außenbezirke: Bemerkenswerte Gebäude und Grundzüge der Flächennutzung in den Neustadtquartieren | Karte 5] Inventory no. /stamp: 4° 629 192-Ktn / Bibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
Khan al-Jumruk, main door
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, arcade and the prayer hall entrance
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Bayt Junblat, western facade of the women hall (Haramlik)
Top view of a group of traditional houses in Saydnaya
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas and inscription documenting the date of building accomplishment
Yabrud, irrigated market gardening near the caves of Wadi Iskafta
The wooden pulpit (minbar) in the prayer room of an-Nuri Mosque
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
A view from Qalʿat Shumaymis towards the surrounding plains
A view at the Mediterranean Sea, Baniyas
A stand selling sandwiches in Damascus
Traditional Aleppian house
This Aleppian house was occupied, before the war, by an architectural consultancy office. The courtyard in the picture is the perfect place for the employee’s break.
A side of Salah ad-Din castle
View of the Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra from the inside
General view of modern residential buildings in Saydnaya
Interior view towards the entrance, Agora
[ Description by author: Ostecke. Das Tor ist das von Bild 0704, aber jetzt von innen. Im Torrahmen sieht man den Mittelteil der Scaenae Frons des Theaters. ]
Signboard of Afqa bath in Palmyra
[Original: Straßenschild, Schwefelquelle]
Tall al-Mishrifa (ancient Qatna), view of the historic citywall, within which the village is located
City wall and village houses
Valley of Nahr Al-Kabir al-Shamali River
Tall Bdiri near the Khabur: pilasters are stabilizing the walls of the houses
Exterior view of Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'', Damascus
Busra, view of the Westgate of the Decumanus Maximus
Bâb al-Kandîl (Laternentor), Hauptstraße, von Süden aus der Straße zum Theater. Man erkennt gut die Sockel der ehemaligen Südfassade.
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
An olive grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Busra, Hammam Manjak, waterpipes
an-Nabi Huri (Cyrrhus), Roman hexagonal mausoleum, 3rd century
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, documentation sheet of courtyard with northern Iwan
The palace called "Girls' Castle" has a courtyard surrounded by four open halls (Iwan). This type of groundplan is known above all from Iran.
Khan Qurdbak, entrance - wooden door covered with iron
The Straight Street with Roman Arch and Minaret Al-'Umari
A part from the bath of Harim Castle
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, prayer niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th C.
[Original: Kathedrale (den Märtyrern Sergios und Bacchios und dem Leontios geweiht), 512/13]
Village alley in the Balikh region with calf and goats
General view of Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: sakraler Zentralbau und Palast, Palast]
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Außenseite, frontal von ~ Südwesten. Vgl. Bild 1614 !
Aleppo, Khan as-Sabun, view of courtyard towards west
Front view of a Hummus shop
View of the courtyard, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Blick aus der Nordost-Ecke nach Südwesten. Vorn links der Uhren-Pavillon, dahinter die Fassade des Transepts und seine Kuppel, rechts daneben das Minarett von Qait Bay. Weiter rechts im Hof der Bau mit dem Becken für die Waschungen, ganz rechts das Schatzhaus. ]
Fragments of stucco, Kharab Sayyar
Khan Qurdbak, ground plan, first floor, reduced copy
First floor, Hotel Balit, iwan (mamluk.) Uzdemir [15]. size of plan 60 x 40. with ruler (no scale) .
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018
The modern city was heavily destroyed by bomb attacks on the "capital" of the IS in 2017.
Citadel of Aleppo, plant ornament
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - tomb chamber
Children from the region, Krak des Chevaliers in the background
The water of Khabur is near Raʾs al-ʿAyn strongly sulphurous
Tombe carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Das Grab von Bild 0411 in Untersicht. Im Tympanon war wohl ursprünglich ein Kopf. ]
The Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Mittlerer und oberer Teil. Gesehen nach ~ Südwesten [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Afamiya, a side of ruins
View from the northeast, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Tele-Ausschnitt aus Bild 0586.. ['Hotel Villa Palmyra (Heliopolis ?)'] ]
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, domes of the prayer niche from the outside
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, the main entrance from the outside
Church of the Armenians in ar-Raqqa
Corner pilaster topped by Corinthian capital, Ithriya Temple
und sein Kapitell, vermutlich an der ~ Nordwest-Ecke (?). [Original:'Ithriya (Seriana),']
Habuba Kabira, the stacked bricks under the relieving arch are removed by the master bilder
Remains of the Byzantine church at Qarqbiza
[Original: einschiffige Kirche, Südseite]
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden cells inside the prayer hall's iwan
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, cave
Valley of the Tombs, Tomb of Jambliku - lintel of the entranceway door
[ Description by author: Der Türsturz, ebenfalls mit zweisprachiger Inschrift. ]
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, minaret
Kharbaqa Dam: One of the dams that were built to limit seasonal flood waters in the Badiyya
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
[Original: Größeres Grabmal (im Grundriß quadratischer Raumkubus mit pyramidalem Dach), sp. 6. Jh.]
Aerial photo of the Jabal Haramun (Mont Hermon)
Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)
The unique wooden minbar, or pulpit, belongs to the Mamluk era as indicated by the inscribed name of the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, son of Qalawun (d. 741 AH / 1341 AD). The carpenter’s name is Muhammad ibn ʿAli al-Mawsili.
A view from Qalʿat Shayzar towards the Orontes plains
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Hof mit Liwan und Seitenliwan
Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - one of the wall tower
[original: Stadtmauer / Innenseite. Turm 80']. [83/72/12] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos: [83/72]
Kafra, in the courtyard behind a huge central hall house
A minaret rises above al-Bab ash-Sharqi
Panel with flower bouquet, from an unknown house near Bab Saghir, Damascus, presumably first half 18th century
Palmyra, Valley of the tombs
A courtyard of a domed house in the village of Shaykh Hilal
One of the village houses used to welcome tourists. In the middle of the courtyard there is a water fountain, also built with mud. The two domes in the picture are coated with lime to beautify and protect them.
A suq in Raqqa
Remains of the portal frame, Byzantine Cathedral in Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Sie wurde weitgehend aus Materialien des Tempels errichtet. Dieses Bruchstück hier scheint mir römisch zu sein: Einfassung eines bzw. des Portals. Interessant: sofern die Kirche den Linien der byzantinischen Substrukturen folgte - nach den Plänen ist das der Fall - ist sie nicht richtig geostet, sondern nach ~ Südosten ausgerichtet. Wollte man sparen und die Tempelmauern benutzen ? ]
Architectural remains of the graveyard near Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Part the western gate, Jupiter Temple
[ Description by author: vom Westportal des Períbolos, Detail aus Bild 0150. ]
Tartus, Qalʿat al-Marqab, Crusader castle, general view from the Castle.
Raqqa, Great Mosque; Aerial view
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard floor with geometrical designs
Remains of the western basilica, Burj Haydar
[Original. Westliche Basilika, Säulenarkaden mit dorischen Kapitellen, 4. Jh.]
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), cross section of the facade
Tughra of sultan over the entrance of ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi Mosque
Separaiting Sheet 82/IX
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, prayer niche decorated with geometric patterns
Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade
General view of Maʿlula town in 1930s
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
A side from the ruins of Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Bludan hillside houses with galleries on the foot of Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
The Mausoleum A with its pyramid-shaped roof lies in the middle of oil plantations. The wealth of the region was based on the production of olives.
The courtyard of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya with a water fountain
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance
ar-Rusafa, North-Gate, view into the interior.
Maronite Cathedral, one of the cathedral pointed towers
Hama, al-Mudiq castle, A side of al-Mudiq castle shows some of its towers
View, from south, at northern overbuilt part of Suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (Picciotto house)
![Painting of Euphrates river at Tibne. Dated 15.02.1899 [Original: Euphrat bei Tibne]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_6692-1024x649.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Painting of Euphrates river at Tibne. Dated 15.02.1899 [Original: Euphrat bei Tibne]
Khan Qurdbak, detail of a window in the iwan
View from Shumaymis Castle towards the plains
Repairing of shoes in Suq Midhat Basha
Remains of the Umayyad Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
[Original: "Heir al-Garbi"]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - inscriptions surround the iwan and above its arch
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, western entrance gate
Natural diversity in the Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi mausoleum on the foot Qasyon mountain
Turbat ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi written on the photos back ['F 80. Wulzinger-Nachlaß WU F80']
Al-Bab, The minaret of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir (the Great Mosque)
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, entrance of the tomb
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade
Women and children (of a family of former nomads) in one of the Upper Euphrates Valley villages
An arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, inscription above the hall entrance
Raqqa - Qasr al-Banat - stone decorations
Neg. Nr. 83/54
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view from Saray
As-Safira, an old thresher for shearing straw (darrasa)
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
Interior view of the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Bestimmung / Zwecke dieses Raumes ??? Vgl. Bild 0903 ! ]
View of the church at Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Westfassade (?)]
Palmyra, Colonnaded axis and Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan in the back
Bayt Wakil, section drawing of the hall facade
Size of plan 30 x 26, no scale.
One of the square towers of Masyaf Castle
Qanawat, Relief on a rectangular basalt stone
Different goods and spices on display infront of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, the prayer niche (mihrab)
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Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the east section of the great hall
Main facade of Jamiʿ at-Tawashi mosque (video)
Photograph of mosque's main, southeastern, facade during ongoing works of refurbishment and partly recovery work. Video of the movement of a panorama composed of several images
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction
‘Ajami decoration in Qasr al-‘Azm, Damascus
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Homs, Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque, an old photo from the 1920/30s
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Sarcophagus with relief decoration
[Original: Palmyrenischer Sarkophag. Auf dem Deckel der gelagerte Grabherr in sassanidischer Tracht mit den Rangabzeichen eines einheimischen Karawanenchefs. Auf dem als Kline gestalteten Kasten in der Mitte der Grabinhaber beim Opfer mit den Rangabzeichen eines palmyrenischen Hohenpriesters und zugleich in der römischen Amtstracht eines togatus. Auf ihn schreiten zwei mal drei Gestalten zu, die Opfergaben bzw. Opfergerät bringen. 2. V. 3. Jh.]
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Islamic Museum
Artificial field irrigation and drinking water supplies, al-Ghab Plain
General view of ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance
View to the excavation in Tall Shaykh Hamad in 1984
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
General view of the small palace of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
[Original: 1. Anlage]
Fresco above the apse of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Triumphbogen über der Apsis, linker Teil und Mitte (Fortsetzung s. Bild 0488 !). Phase III. ]
The minaret of Great Mosque of ar-Raqqa/ar-Rafiqa, 8th/12th c.
Khusrawiyya, northern arcade, 2018
The northern arcade is the only survived part of Khusrawiyya complex.
Busra, General view of Busra citadel
On the photo it was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Mnin, Traditional village houses at the foot of the Qalamun Mountains
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Gate Tower
Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway, hawker in foreground
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima - the prayer hall
Entrance towers on the west side, Harim Castle
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)
Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman, domed structure (mashhad) and minaret of the Great Mosque
Cross vaults in the prayer room of an-Nuri Mosque
Damascus citadel, the prison courtyard in the north-east part
House in Bahsita, , bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console
Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
[ Description by author: Detail, vom Eingang des Temenos der Allât. Sie symbolisiert den beschützenden Aspekt - siehe die "glückliche" Antilope - der Herrin der Tiere. Die Statue soll um die Zeitenwende entstanden sein. Eine Kopie - oder doch das Original ? - steht im Garten des Nationalmuseums in Damaskus. Vgl. Bild 0752 und 0754 ! ]
Maps of Aleppo: city center and historical suburban aereas, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo city-center and historical suburban aeras, showing historical monuments. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend, [Original in German: Aleppo: Innenstadt und alte Vorstadtquartiere | Karte 1 Westblatt & Ostblatt] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 /2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Mosaic floor panel in hexagonal shape
Baghdad Gate of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 10th c. onwards
The gate built from fired brick was located in front of the southeast corner of the city wall of Raqqa-Rafiqa.
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, portico along the prayer hall
General view of the Umayyad Mosque shows the dome and the three minarets of the mosque
[ Description by author: Blick vom Hotel Burj al-Farâdîs nach ~ Osten auf die Umayaden-Moschee. Links (~ Nordseite) das Brautminarett, vorn rechts das Minarett von Qait Bay, hinter der Kuppel das Jesus-Minarett. ]
Mosaics covering the tympanum of az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken im Tympanon]
North-East Syria, Kurdish wedding celebration
[Original: Musikanten bei kurdischer Hochzeit]
As-Sa'a roundabout in the city of Raqqa
Habuba Kabira, master builder and his helper constructing the walls of a mud brick house
Pointed arch in the Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the prayer niche
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, interior view of the prayer hall
The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a wall topped with domes on pendentives
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Remains of Afamiya Theater
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
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Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wooden panels of Bayt ad-Dahhan (Funduq Qasr al-Mansuriyya), 18th century
General view of the architectural remains, Sirjilla
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade- decoration on the top part of a window niche
A top part of a window niche framed by double muqarnas plates and carved serrated border
Nave and apse, Church of monk Buhayra, Busra
[Original: Bahira-Basilika, paganer Profanbau des 3. Jhs. n.Chr., Innenansicht: Triumphbogen und Apsis]
Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya
The Euphrates in Raqqa
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, view from the courtyard on the eastern arcade
Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel
Bab as-Salam, portal with coloured stone layers (ablaq)
The northern-eastern tower of Damascus Citadel
One of the most beautiful towers of Damascus Citadel with its carefully carved stone rows. This upper part of the tower contains a machicolation, and the tower ends with parapets interspersed with arrow slits.
Masbanat al-Jubayli, soap preparation before the stage of arranging
A view of the Barada valley showing the train rail
General view of the Tetrapylon
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
A side of Damascus Citadel during the restoration works
Deserted houses in Jabal al-Hus south of Aleppo
View at a group of abandoned, deserted dome houses appear to be in a poor condition.
2 pounds, 23 mm, 1996
Citadel of Aleppo, Maqam Ibrahim - inscription in the courtyard
Dome houses in a village in Aleppo countryside
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, apse of east basilica
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
صورة أقمار صناعية تظهر موقع كنيسة الحصن في البارة، 2021
Yabrud: Outer wall of the Greek Orthodox church "Konstantin and Helena", which once belonged to a temple
Hammam al-Bayyada, the cold section (barrani)
Bayt Junblat, northern iwan - decoration of faience tiles
One of the three minor mihrabs, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Einer der drei Neben-Mahârîb: jeder ist einer anderen Rechtsschule zugeteilt. Vgl. Bild 0225 ! ]
General view of Notre Dame de Saydnaya
[ Description by author: von ~ Südosten. In dem Felssockel rechts befindet sich das Grab mit den Figuren von Bild 0420.- Trotz obiger Zuordnung (nach den wichtigsten Ausbau-Stufen): die Ursprünge der Anlage gehen in byzantinische Zeit zurück und sollen in Zusammenhang mit einem Erlebnis des Kaisers Justinian stehen: eine von ihm verfolgte Gazelle verwandelte sich in ein Marienbild (des Lukas ...), das die Erbauung einer Kirche an dieser Stelle verlangte und seither Wunder tat. ]
an-Nabi Huri (Cyrrhus), Roman bridge on the Afrin river
A view at the town of Maʿlula
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
The facade of the church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen)]
Squinch of the dome in the hall of upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm
Kuppelsaal: eine Trompe der Kuppel mit einer Art Muqarnas. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
One of the towers of Shayzar Castle
Yabrud: shops with residential houses on the first floor, houses probably from the beginning of the 20th century
Citadel of Aleppo, Gate of Two Lions - the Smiling Lion
Bayt Dallal, courtyard and fountain
Wakil House, decorated windows
Decorations of window openings of Wakil house, which are stone panels carved with geometric and vegetal forms that crown the window on top.
Al-Bara, pyramid tomb A, 6th c. AD
The Mausoleum A with its pyramid-shaped roof lies in the middle of oil plantations. The wealth of the region was based on the production of olives.
Tomb of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs, interior view
[ Description by author: Bei den Bildern 0838 - 0840 gibt es ein Problem: gehören sie zum Turm des Elahbel oder zu dem des Jambliqu ? Da aber auf allen meinen Bildern der Eingang zum Turm des Jambliqu mit einer Gittertür verschlossen ist, auf der anderen Seite alle meine Führer schreiben, dass man den Turm des Elahbel besteigen könne und wegen der Aussicht auch solle, dürfte es sich um diesen handeln. Jedenfalls befinden wir uns hier in einer höheren Etage mit Blick auf den Eingang ins Treppenhaus. Das Relief unten rechts zeigt einen typischen Palmyrener auf eine Kline - wie er an der Außenseite bzw. an der Rückwand im Erdgeschoss "fehlt" ....... ]
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
General view in the Limestone Massif, near al-Bara
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior
The hall has a rectangular ground plan. Based on a square middle room, it is divided by 12 pillars, all spanned by pointed arches, into 20 compartments of two different forms: two narrow oblong ones each on three sides of the central area (see picture 5) and two smaller square ones each in the adjacent corner areas. The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola. The other parts are covered with elongated, flattened vaults and small domes according the respective compartment form.
General view of Qalat Salah ad-Din
Guesthouse of a wealthy family in Maskana, attached is an iwan
Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates, Dayr az-Zawr
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila - plan
View of the ablaq-decorated entrance of the Great Mosque of Hama
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, al-Midan entrance
A basin belonging to the Ummayad Palace ''Qasr Says'' in Jabal Says
Jabal al-ʿArab, natural landscape of volcanic mountain
![The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-مجمع قصر الحسيني 1_SYRHER]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_75454-1024x768.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-مجمع قصر الحسيني 1_SYRHER]
Architectural remains of Dayr (Monastery) Subat, al-Bara
A renovated Aleppine house in al-Jallum neighborhood
The courtyard of one of a traditional Aleppine house on one summer night filled with music.
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
1985/49/743 = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.] Frieze P ["s.a. Farbdias"]
Tall Dahab, Central hall house - the width of the hall corresponds to the recess in the facade, the loggia is used for the stay
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, prayer niche
Bayt Junblat, the northern iwan decorated with marble and ceramic tiles
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Inneres des Nord-Iwâns.].
Afamiya, a side of ruins
Motifs in Hatayi style, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Herd of sheep in a grove of trees in the Ghouta
People of Damascus used to praise the delicious taste of sheep’s meat coming from the Ghouta. But the number of sheep has decreased due to the shrinking of the Ghouta area itself and the export of sheep to the Gulf countries.
Baalshamin Temple, general view from southeast, Qalat Ibn Maan in background
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription above the prayer hall entrance
View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama
The western vaulted arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-Umawi (Umayyad Mosque)
Hama, general view of the Jisriyya (waterwheel)
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
Raqqa IV; Eastern West-Palace, s.SW-Neg.85/412
A side of Palmyra Theater, 2nd c. AD
Maronite Cathedral, one of the catherdral pointed towers
A view in the Limestone Massif, near al-Bara
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, view of the ablutions fountain
Facade of the turbine house of Assad dam of the Euphrates, whose supplies large parts of Northern Syria with electricity
Great Mosque, Minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH[11] / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Noria (water wheel) axis
The wooden axis of the noria is called the heart. It stands on wooden bases that are placed on steady stable stone foundations at the bottom of the river.
Busra, general view of the old city.
Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside
The bronze Telegraph Column at al-Marja Square
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the minaret
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the main facade and the entrance
Western facade of the Saraya complex (Maʿbad Zeus), Qanawat
Capital in the Byzantine Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Ein anderer Typ der byzantinischen Kapitelle. Im Hintergrund Trommeln von Halbsäulen. ]
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Hof mit Liwan und Seitenliwan
Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance
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Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, an inscription above the entrance gate
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Outside of the surrounding wall of Halabiyya fortress
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tombs
Suq al-Hamidiyya
Seller of traditional refreshing drinks in the city's most famous bazaar. It was built at the end of the 19th century in the European style.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/988] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Salah ad-Din statue situated in front of the western facade of Damascus citadel
Part of the main façade of Roman South Temple in ʿAtil
Roman temple
A building under construction in the President's Square in Raqqa
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance
Bayt al Haj Musa (cad. no. VII 2060 and 2056)/ Reduced ground plan with ruler
Built structures under a mamluk qa'a that was destroyed before 19th century, Size of plan 28 x 38 . with ruler (no scale).
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
A modern building and a traditional mud fence in one of the Ghouta fields of Damascus
General view to the lower parts of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Suq az-Zarb, new beginning after the destruction. View from the entrance to the west
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th C.
[Original: Kathedrale (den Märtyrern Sergios und Bacchios und dem Leontios geweiht), Chor]
Great Mosque, Minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, view the west basilica
View of the courtyard of Khan al-Wazir
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription above the Sabil
Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay
[ Description by author: der Umayaden-Moschee, gesehen durch zwei Säulen des Períbolos des ehemaligen Jupiter-Tempels. Die Bögen links sind arabisch unter Verwendung antiker Säulen und Kapitelle. Gesehen vom Ostende der Haupstraße vom Sûq nach ~ Südosten. ]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inner iwan and courtyard with lobed octagonal basin
Bimaristan Arghun, northern courtyard - open dome
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and western facade - main hall's (qaʿa) facade
Hof mit Bahra und Qa'a-Front
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance
Entrance with muqarnas of jami al-'Adiliyya mosque. It was built 1555 in the time of the ottoman time.[Original:' Jâmi' al-'Âdiliya, Halab / Aleppo. Erbaut 1555 unter dem osmanischen Gouverneur Mehmet Pascha. Eingang mit "muqarnas". Vgl. Bild 1222 !'].
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
A view in Suq al-Buzuriyya, Old City of Damascus
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Geschnitzter Mihrâb von 1245, steht heute im Iwân des Hofes. Vgl. Bild 1239 !'].
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
shap_import_60864
Inner face of the southern walls of Halabiyya, tower 3
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard, portico and basin
ʿAyn al-ʿArus, view into the ceiling of a village mud bricks house, armenian owners
Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi
Hadiqat al-Umma (al-Umma Park) in Damascus
Terrasses cultivation in the Coastal Mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
A popular market in Raqqa
Porticus post scaenam, Roman Theater - Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
the damage of the minaret and the west-south part of the mosque.
Al-Bara, oil mill, 5th-6th c.
A side from Shumaymis Castle, as-Salamiyya
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra
Khan al-Wazir, decorations and windows on top of the entrance's internal facade
Bayt Junblat, northern iwan
Funerary temple, Palmyra
An old photo showing the main western entrance of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs
The main western entrance to the courtyard.
Agriculture in ar-Ruj plain
Bab as-Salam, the "door of peace" in the north of Old Damascus
ar-Raqqa - Qasr al-Banat, the courtyard surrounded by four iwans
Jurn Kabir, a tawny owl, which occurs there frequently
The arcade wall of Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.
Habuba Kabira, building a cantilever dome house - in the foreground clay bricks, which are to be used soon
House Wakil, 1976, daily life scene in courtyard
Everyday life in a courtyard of the House Wakil, from which the so-called Aleppo Room of the Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin originates. At times the house served as an orphanage for the Greek Orthodox Church.
Qasr Ibn Wardan, the church
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Südseite (873-876)]
Ar-Rusafa, Basilica A
Palmyra / Tadmur, Museum, lion of goddess Al-Lat
[Original: Museum: Löwe als Beschützer einer Gazelle aus dem Heiligtum der Allat, ca. 50 v. Chr.]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
Khan al-Jumruk, in the courtyard view to north showing the interior facade of the Khan's entrance
Bayt Ghazala, eastern facade - plant ornament above the main entrance from the inside
Piece in the courtyard, terrace of the northern riwaq.
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola.
Qalʿat (castle) al-Qadmus, Insciption
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Gate Tower
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glass cup and drinking glass from ar-Raqqa ; National Museum Damscus
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, cathedral apse - columns with Corinthian capitals
[Original: Medrese Halawiya (gegenüber dem Westeingang der Großen Moschee): quadrat. Kuppelraum mit östlicher apsidialer Säulenstellung; vermutl. urspr. byz. Tetrakonchos Ostapsis mit korinthischen Kapitellen]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Hiraqla victory monument: glass jar
The entrance of Tartus museum, Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, northern facade - al-Hijaziyya facade
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Street facade of a house in an Assyrian village, that still kept one domed room.
General view Hama city, showing al-Muhamadiyya waterwheel (noria)
[Original: Blick auf die Stadt und ein Noria (Schöpfrad) am Stadtpark]
Khan al-Wazir, general view
The Throne Hall in Damascus Citadel
This photo shows Roman columns that support a central dome.
Production of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration in a Syrian workshop
Mohammad Haj Qab decorates the arch of the Syrian embassy in Bonn in 1992
Church of Saint Simeon Stylites is composed of four churches forming a cross
al-Husn Church, remains of basilica's façade, which, after its demolition, was transformed into an agricultural field
Temporary title for Image 44445
Aside of the Ruins
Bimaristan an-Nuri, door puller of main wooden entrance door
Habuba Kabira, the plastered new dome house and its garden
Madrasat al-Firdaws, mausoleum - inscription above wall cabinet
General view of Ithriya Temple
Gesehen von ~ Osten (sofern ich das Satellitenfoto richtig gedeutet habe !).- Zur genaueren Information s. das PDF Nr 1087 ! Die Verzierung links und rechts des Tores erinnert an Nîha im Libanon. Der Tempel soll ein Prostylos gewesen sein und aus dem 3. Jh. stammen. [Original:'Ithriya (Seriana),']
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) behind palm trees
[ Description by author: am Knick der Säulenstraße, und ein Stück der Kolonnade Richtung Tetrapylon. Morgendlicher Fernblick von einem der beiden Hotels, also von ~ Nordosten. ['Hotel Villa Palmyra (Heliopolis ?)'] ]
View from south-west, Basilica of Kharab Shams
[Original. Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, von SW. Nach dem Einsturz der Seitenschiffe bei einem Erdbeben ist nur noch das Mittelschiff erhalten. Fensterhochwand mit Rechteckfenstern stammt aus dem 4. Jh., die mit Rundbogenfenstern aus dem 6. Jh.]
View from south, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni, gesehen von ~ Süden. ]
A circular skylight opening of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm's courtyard (collapsed central dome)
Wakil house, dome of the reception hall from the inside
The room drew light through a series of windows surrounding the dome's neck, as well as from the colored openings in the dome, which are shaped like circles and stars.
A photo taken from the southern side towards Ibn Mʿan's castle
A woman putting mud in molds to form bricks in a village in Raqqa
Salkhad, Archaeological remains in a vineyard
General view of Maʿlula town
[Original: Malulla bei Damaskus, orientalischer Grundriss]
The Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: 3. Abschnitt mit dem Tempelgrab als Abschluss. Rechts die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni. Gesehen von ~ Südosten. ]
River section of Barada
Suq al-Buzuriyya: shops with candied fruit, sugar-coated nuts and other sweets
Shop
Entrance of Khan al-Hallabat
[ Description by author: und Eingang, gesehen von der ~ Südmauer nach ~ Nordosten über den Innenhof. ]
Tall al-Biʿa at the confluence of Euphrates and Balikh rivers
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
The Mihrab of at-Taynabiyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Der Mihrâb oder ein Mihrâb der Moschee. Vermutlich konnte ich ihn nur sehen, weil sich die Moschee in Restauration befand. ]
Tall Dahab, Back of the guest house with surrounding scultural ornamentation
View of Orontes valley
Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen
Near Qa'alt ar-Rahaba, grave Shikh Anis. [Original:'bei Qal'at ar-Rahba, Grabbau = Saih Anis']
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, section east-west, view to north
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 45, ruler.
Jurn Kabir, the fertile plain of the Euphrates with floodplain forest in the background before the flooding of the Tishrin Dam
Houses of stone and concrete in Mnin
A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf
Front facade of famous Hotel Zenobia in the ruins of Palmyra
An orchard in the Ghuta of Damascus
Busra, cathedral. The remains of the 6th century basilica of the martyrs Sergios, Bacchos and Leontius
Sie wurde 512/13 den Märtyrern Sergios, Bacchus und Liontius geweiht. Hier gesehen von ~ Südwesten: Blick über den Zentral"raum" mit dem Tetrakonchos (vgl. Grundriss Bild 3781 !) auf die Ostwand mit Altarraum und Nebenräumen.
Street vegetable hawker, ar-Raqqa
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
ʿAyn al-Khadra, Baby in a traditional wooden cradle
Roman sarcophagus with decorations, Qanawat
Stucco decorations in situ, Kharab Sayyar
[Original: Stucke in Situ an. Jasc.]
![[S.156 Abb.174]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_52442-1024x699.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
[S.156 Abb.174]
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, courtyard and southern portico
Hubert Mezannar, son of Antoine Elias Mezannar. In the background is the certificate of a gold medal, the family won in 1936 on an international fair
At the beginning of the 20th century, Antoine Mezannar brought mechanical looms from Lyon with electric motors to Damascus and became one of the first consumers of electricity in Damascus.
Engraving of a group of women, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: LInke Seite oben des Balken Bild 0642, 0643: noch einmal verschleierte Frauen. ]
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
ceiling of Bayt Ḫazīna-Kātibī / Niẓām with ‘Ajami decoration
detail of the šīša-ceiling with panels (ṭabaq) painted alternately on green and red ground
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, southern facade with spolia stones
[Original: Moschee um Bab Antakiya}, on the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
Garbage and dirt accumulation in a canal, the Ghouta of Damascus
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the entrance
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View into an excavation trench of Tall Bdiri: to stabilize the walls, pilasters were added
Jurn Kabir, a rural house, where each room has its own door opening on the courtyard
The house is consisting of a living room (left door) and a family room (right door), where all assets are stored.
Monolith ceiling of the south thalamos in the cella, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Cella, Süd-Thalamos: Decke. Sie besteht aus einem einzigen Monolithen. ]
A view of a hill around ٍShahba
View of the Euphrates river with very shallow banks
½ piastre, 21 mm, 1921 (French Mandate)
A craftsman working on a Jacquard loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family, Damascus
Remains of the Halabiyya fortifications, 8th-9th century BC
Habuba Kabira, construction of a mud brick house before the circular of the domes is started
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's facade
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall from the inside
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Links der Turm des Maliku (vvgl. Bild 0576, 0815, 0822 !), rechts der des Jambliqu. Davor in der Mitte das Tempelgrab, links davon der untere Teil eines Turmes der Justinianischen Stadtmauer (Nordseite). Gesehen von ~ Nordosten. ]
View of Masyaf Castle
Roman tower tomb in Sarrin
Not exactly locatable tower tomb, which is dated 74 AD by its inscriptions. To note the high set canulated half columns [Original: 'SIRRIN, Grabturm (74 n. Ch.)']
Tourists with a local resident at the Peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, a groin vault in the entrance
Inscription of foundation in 1168, oldest Inscription in Naskhi in Aleppo
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, general view of the minaret
Vicinity of Tall Abyad, shell of the house with flattened domes and opening in one dome
Umayyad mosque - Qaytbay minaret, rich in decorations
View of the city of Yabrud adjacent to agricultural fields
Town and irrigated fields
Remains of the Byzantine tower incorporated into the Umayyad complex at Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (Palace)
[ Description by author: und rechts Eingang in den Innenhof, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Der "Balkon" am "Turm" ist eine Toilette - zumindest ist das so bei den Eremiten-Türmen des Kalksteinmassivs in Nordsyrien. Und bei den alten Dhaus in den Emiraten und 'Omân habe ich ganz ähnliches gesehen ....... ]
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the Great Iwan)
Al-Khusrawiyya, Friday Mosque, entrance portal
Close-up of the niche of the entrance portal with its Muqarnas decoration and a panel with its founding inscription. This element is lost today (destroyed since 2015)!
General view of Masyaf city
Habuba Kabira, clay bricks are drying - at the edge of the village, because there is enough space
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer hall
Darat ʿAzza, city located along the St. Simeon Monastery road
Remains of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: mit dem Becken (Stufen !) und seinem Peristyl. Ganz links die Nordwest-Ecke des Peribolos des Bel-Tempels, weiter rechts der Monumentalbogen von innen, im Bogen die arabische Bastion. Ganz rechts das Propylon der Thermen. Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-West. ]
Bayt Junblat, door in the centre of southern iwan
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the prayer niche
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
Ground plan drawing. Scale ruler
Aleppo's Great Mosque, renovation of the north entrance in 2018
Destroyed and damaged parts of the north portal are scaffolded for restoration
Tomb carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Ädikula-Typ. Eigenartig der unsymmetrische Bogen: war der Platz links für eine Statue vorgesehen ? Vgl. Bild 0412, 0413 ! ]
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription above the main entrance
Krak des Chevaliers, courtyards
Bayt Dallal, courtyard view from the iwan
Near Tall Abyad, view of ʿAyn al-ʿArus lake
Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit, view from al-Jisr al-Abyad square
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main facade after the destruction
1
View to the east.
General view of Tall Afis
Popular restaurant on Barada River
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, decorations at the top of tower gate
[Original: Turm links]
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, prayer niche decorated with geometric patterns
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, interior view: courtyard, rooms from outside, arcade and the inner entrance
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Modern painted panels with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
The cella of Bel Temple, 1st c. AD
Conservation of the Aleppo Room in the Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (after)
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Nach Südwesten. Ich vermute, dieser Kanal, an dessen Eingang man hier steht, ist der Zugang zur eigentlichen Quelle. ]
al-Lajat region, Basalt stone into agricultural area
Palmyra, Remains of Allat Temple- Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Rückseite, gesehen von ~ Westen. In Bildmitte hinten das Temenos-Tor, ganz hinten rechts der Bel-Tempel. ]
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Al-Farnathiyya mausoleum, the dome from the inside
at destrict Damaskus-as-Salihiyya, Ceiling of dome
Yabrud: Streetlife with shops and residential houses, townspeople and peasants
Street view with houses and a village scene of a farmer with cart and draught animal. The buildings along the road show a local architecture (of the Qalamun Mountains): one to two-storey stone facades with triple openings in the upper floors. Middle door and side windows, all with round arches and a balcony in front. A symmetrical stone façade made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. These houses will probably be built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Maronite Cathedral, general view of the main entrance
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, the main entrance
Bad al-Hadid, detail of a rank decorating the gate's entrance from outside
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, dome of the prayer hall
Decoration on the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)
[ Description by author: - wo genau ? ]
The prayer niche and the pulpit in the middle of the south wall in the prayer hall of the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo
In the 7th century AH / 13th century AD, after the Mongols under Hulagu Khan had attacked Aleppo and damaged the Great Mosque, the Mamluks extensively rebuilt it, replacing the wooden ceiling of the prayer hall by stone vaults on pillars. The mihrab was replaced by the Mamluk sultan Qalawun; his name is indicated above the present one, together with that of his governor, the Mamluk prince Qarasunqur al-Jukandar, and the date 684 AH / 1285 AD: “In the name of God, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. It was commanded to be built after it was burned by Our Master the greatest Sultan, al-Malik al-Mansur Sayf al-Dunya wa l-Din Qalawun, may God enhance his victory. By the high advice of the master, al-Amir Shams al-Din Qarasunqur al-Jukandar al-Maliki al-Mansuri. The governor of the guarded principality of Aleppo, may God reward and guard him, in the month of Rajab of the year six hundred and eighty-four [September 1285 AD]”.
Khan Qurtbak, southern part of Khan - the inner courtyard and the iwan of the Mamluk palace
Hanging dyed silk to dry after washing it in cold water
Qanawat, Severan doorway leading to second basilica — from north
Decoration of the qaʿa (guest room) in the Quwatli House
Kämpferkonsole in der Qa'a
Qalb Lawza, Basilica, 5th c., view of main facade from south-west
Here we can see the main façade, the central part of which, with its large round arch, has collapsed, giving a view of the narthex (vestibule). The imposing church has a raised central nave and wide arcades that open onto the side aisles. This basilica suffered relatively little damage.
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
Das alte Qatnâ war in der ersten Hälfte des 2. Jts v. Chr. eine Stadt von einiger Bedeutung und geriet dann in das Spannungsfeld zwischen Ägyptern und Hethitern. Von den letzteren wurde es um 1340 zerstört. . [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, bastion with loopholes.
Hiraqla victory monument: isometric reconstruction
Jurn Kabir, Woman demonstrating the production of a rod mat (arab. zarb) with the help of stone weights
Bayt Wakil, entrance
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Great Mosque, damage mapping
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard
Damascene painted tiles over the windows, as-Sinaniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Detail: Lünetten mit bemalten Kacheln über den Fenstern. ]
Jabla, Entrance of the Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim
A shepherd with his herd and tourists
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
ʿAyn Dara, Bas-relief motif decorating some steps of the main entrance, southern façade of Ishtar Temple
Damascus, the eastern part of the city wall near to Bab Kisan
Parts of the historic city wall, some with integrated residential buildings, have been preserved to this day. Legend has it that the apostle Paul fled from here, the Bab Kisan gate in the background on the right, to spread the Christian doctrine.
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Khan al-Jumruk, decorations and windows on the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Sancturies graved into the rocks, Roman period, Mnin
[ Description by author: Blick auf die Anlage von (wohl) ~ Südwesten. Ganz rechts das Tor, links daneben die große Halle mit monumentaler Freitreppe zu einer Plattform davor. Links hinter ihrer Balustrade die kleine Halle mit reich dekoriertem Eingang: danach (vgl. Bild 0401 !) wird die Anlage ins 3. Jh. n. Chr. datiert. Irgendwie macht das Ganze einen "nabatäischen" Eindruck, der durch weitere Details auf den folgenden Bildern (insbesondere Bild 0401) verstärkt wird. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, general view of the madrasa from the Great Mosque minaret
Jabal al-ʿArab, a view of volcanic area
[Original: Vulkanit-Aufschluß sü. d. Leja, ö.d. Straße]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, column details in the double arcade
Great Mosque, prayer hall, main entrance in 2006
Main entrance of the prayer hall with pointed arch and ribonwork from coloured stone marquetry and a restoration inscription above the door arch
General view of Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Imam Ismaʿil
A side of excavated building in Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance
Dayr Zakka (monastery), mosaic in a destroyed part of the building, showing a palm, a fallow deer and birds
Raq19930002.tif
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Islamic Museum
View from the outer northwest edge of the ditch, Shumaymis Castle
Der innere Teil, gesehen nach ~ Südosten vom äußeren Nordwest-Rand des Grabens. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, upper part of the entrance - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, The domes of the houses built in the 1930s were often flattened later.
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Locally produced perfumes displayed for sale in Suq al-Buzuriyya
Ghuta of Damascus, an old irrigation canal, 1963
The farmers of the Ghuta were able to benefit from the Barada and al-'Awaj rivers in the most possible way, through a water distribution system. The Barada River was divided into seven branches, as well as a subnet of canals covering all the lands of the Ghuta. The inhabitants of the Ghuta did not rely only on the water coming from these two rivers for the irrigation of their orchards, but rather they dug dozens of wells to benefit from the groundwater as well.
Part of Qalʿat al-Qadmus
A side from archaeological city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Inside view [Original: "Salihiyyah, Burg, Innenseite, S.H. Taf, LXXXII"]
Children are preparing themselve for a wedding procession. The two small children are still wearing their school uniform
The sanctuary (cella) of Bel Temple
[Original: Baal-Heiligtum, Cella, ca. 17 - 32 n.Chr.]
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
View of courtyard and courtyard facade [Original: Privathaus, Innenhof] Pl. Nr. Aufnahme Enderlein, Foto-Verz. Nr. 11030 A 18
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
Eastern East Palace, reconstruction
Al-Madrasa as-Sulaymaniyya (minor Takiyya), courtyard with fountain, arch arcades and mosque
[ Description by author: mit ähnlicher Grundstruktur, errichtet um 1570 unmittelbar östlich an der Takiya. Blick von ~ Norden über den Innenhof mit Becken auf die Moschee. Die Anlage dient heute für Werkstätten des klassischen Kunsthandwerks: man kauft hier teils Besseres und auf alle Fälle presigünstiger als im Sûq al-Hamadiya. ]
Hiraqla victory monument - Decorative stone panel
Inscriptions on a volcanic stone in Jabal Says
View inside the courtyard of Manjak Mosque
Northern towers from inside the North Gate, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, facade and entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
Excavation work inside ad-Daydariyya cave
A shop in al-Qaymariyya, the old city of Damascus, selling salted lupini beans 'termos'
A view of Royal Palace G, Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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In the Orontes valley below the village of Qalʿat al-Mudiq is situated a 16th c Khan, which has become a Museum
Manmade caves in the Euphrates valley near embouchure of Sajur-river close to al-Awshariyya
Tall Dahab, Bedding pile in the family's living and storage room
Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Arched niche in al-Kahf Castle
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco on the ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - inscription on basalt stone
Sheep grazing on the ruins of Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, inscription and decoration above the entrance of the prayer hall
Al-Senaniya Street: General View
[Original:'Straße in Damaskus']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Qalb Lawza, Basilica 5th c., view of main facade from south-west
East and south side of the cella of Bel Temple
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - excavations
[ 87/ 59/ 1772] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. On the back of the photo: [87/59].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Arch of the remains of Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (Palace)
[ Description by author: Blick nach Osten - vielleicht durch das Westtor ? Oder geht der Blick durch die Ostmauer auf andere Gebäude (z.B. den Khân) ? ]
Suq Aslan Dada, reconstruction of northern entrance and eastern wall of Khan as-Sabun, view towards southwest
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, the kitchen entrance
Interior view of Mar Taqla Monastery, Maʿlula
A general scene showing some of the ruins of Palmyra and the Castle Ibn Maʿn
Remains of the Ummayad Palace in Jabal Says
Remains City Wall and Ibn Maʿn Castle in the back
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Nordwesten: Burg und Prätorium / Fahnenheiligtum des Diokletians-Lagers. Zwischen Burg und Lager erkennt man die nördliche Stadtmauer - die Stadtmauer läuft westlich des Lager den Berg dahinter (Jabal al-Husainiya) hoch zu einer kleinen Festung und dann auf der Nordseite wieder hinunter. Dies ist eine beliebte Befestigungsform, besonders schön erhalten in Halabiya (Zenobia) am Euphrat. ]
A hall in the upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm (Palace)
Seitensaal des Kuppelsaales mit restaurierter Wandmalerei auf Holz.- Die Bilder 0998 - 1002 haben ein gemeinsames Problem: sie sind mit gepushten High-Speed- Filmen aufgenommen. Das Ergebnis ist beim Dia noch so gerade akzeptabel, führt bemi Scan aber zu starkem Rauschen (der Filmkörnung), zu unnatürlichen Farbverschiebungen oder, wenn man diese korrigieren will, zur Entfärbung. Ich jedenfalls kann's nicht besser .......!. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Burj as-Saʿa, mechanical clock
Tall Abyad, House decoration to welcome the house owner after the pilgrimage to Mekka
The monastery of Mar Taqla
Khan Qurdbak, general view of the courtyard and the porticos
General view of the architectural remains, Sirjilla
The minaret of Jamiʿ (Mosque) ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi
Making falafel sandwiches
Small vaulted passageway, Qalʿat Harim
Zayzun waterfalls of a tributary into Yarmuk river (border Syria/Jordan)
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the facade
Part of golden and colored mosaic, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mittelgang, Südwand, Mittelteil.- Die Bilder 0179 - 0192 wurden mit einem High-Speed-Film gemacht, daher die mäßige Qualität ! ]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, prayer hall (qibliyya), window above the prayer niche
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico - Mamluk rank
A boat trip in the Euphrates, near Jabal ʿAruda
Jurn Kabir, flatbreads are rolled out with a stick, so that they can become wafer-thin and can be baked on the tray over the fire.
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main northern facade
Brocade in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Khan Qurdbak, decoration details above a window in the iwan
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, an inscription above the entrance gate
A general view of az-Zabadani city, which lies on the foothills of the the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of southern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
The window topped by an inscription panel
Muqarnas inside the Kahf Castle, ash-Shaykh Badr, Tartus Region
Busra, Birkat (pond) al-Hajj and Abu al-FidaʾMosque
During the rainy saison the pool is filled until today with water.
The altar of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
[ Description by author: in Form eines Naiskos und Propyläen von der Hofseite, gesehen von ~ Norden. ]
A side of the cavea, Roman Theater at Busra
[Original: Theater, Cavea für 15.000 Zuschauer (Halbkreis von 102 m) und Bühnengebäude]
Muzayrib - millstone within an ancient watermill
Ceiling of the prayer hall, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Ein Stück Decke, vermutlich ijm Transept. ]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
Several plans of masuoleums (turba) in Damascus
Plans of Turbas in Damascus: 105 Shibliyya, 106 Rayhan [Hand written: No. 84 Kadastre II/5 1380 (?)], 107 Takritiyya, 108 Zahiriyya, 109 Khatuniyya
Fresco on the western wall of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Jüngstes Gericht an der Westwand, Details. Drei Register der linken Seite, in der Mitte vier Mal "Abrahams Schoß". Interessant ist die Figur unten rechts, die etwas "von oben" empfängt: ihre Harartracht erinnert sehr an die von Bild 0483 ! Dort vermutete ich eine Dornenkrone, das trifft hier aber gewiss nicht zu ! ]
An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel
General view of Balis on the Euphrates river
The remaining upper part of Shumaymis Castle
Nach dem Licht und dem, was auf dem Satellitenfoto zu erkennen ist, muss dies die Südmauer sein. Man sieht gut, wie ein Stein-Mörtel-Kern mit Basaltquadern verblendet wurde. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
A side of Hiraqla victory monument, built by Harun ar-Rashid, near Raqqa
Hammam Bahram Basha, plant motifs above the main entrance
Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
Euphrates plain near the mouth of the Sajur, limestone massif on the south side ((before the flooding of lake Tishrin)
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, dome on pendentives
Citadel of Aleppo, the Great Mosque - inscription
Remains of the gateway of the Umayyad complex at Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
Bimaristan Arghun, view of the main courtyard and the portico
A part of the city of Harim, located on the northwestern slope of a mountain
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan
Traditional houses near as-Sajur river
Doppelraumgrundriss
Detail of decorations, Agora
[ Description by author: Ausschnitt aus dem Mäander-Dekor. ]
Raqqa, the inner façade of Baghdad Gate (Bab Baghdad)
Raq19830039.tif
Conservation of the Aleppo Room in the Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (before)
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, north facade - arcade and courtyard
Khan Dannun - Courtyard
The Byzantine basilica, view from the south, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: der byzantinischen Basilika, gesehen von ~ Süden. Links ein Stück der Südwestwand, rechts schaut man durch die eingestürzte Südost-Wand in die Gewölbe. Der Stein unter dem Bord links entspricht in seiner Höhe genau dem Stein rechts: der ganze Zwischenraum ist als Mauer zu denken. ]
Hand carved wood block used for printing fabrics
One of the entrances to Harim Castle
Khan as-Sabun, mamluk ranks decorating the northern facade's gate
An alley in Halbun town
Dayr Zakka (monastery), porch (narthex) of the church with mosaic floor, 6th C.
This mosaic dates back to 509 AD. [von 509 n.Chr.]. [Kalla (1999) 134]: [Gabor Kalla: Christentum am oberen Euphrat. Das byzantinische Kloster von Tall Bi'a. in: Antike Welt 30/2 (1999)].
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance
Ruins of the wall of Qalʿat Shumaymis (castle)
A side of the Cavea, Palmyra Theater
[ Description by author: rechte Seite. Im Hintergrund ganz rechts der Monumentalbogen, in etwa Bildmitte die Säulen am Eingang der Diokletians-Thermen. Der Bogen und der Bogenansatz ganz links markieren den Südost-Durchgang in die Rundstraße ums Theater. Gesehen nach ~ Ost-Süd-Ost. ]
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, external south wall of the east basilica
Armanaz and its agricultural fields
East side of the old suqs.
Busra, part of the citadel wall
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, north Facade - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
‘Ajami decoration in Qasr al-‘Azm, Damascus
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ʿAyn Diwar, The Zengid bridge on the Tigris
A man weaving textiles with a pit-loom in Hama
Roman bridge in at-Tayyiba over the course of the Wadi az-Zaydi
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the east section of the great hall
View of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm) from the inside
A room cladded with ‘Ajami decoration in a Damascene house
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Courtyard of Arwad citadel
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
A horse-drown carriage carrying children and adults in ar-Raqqa
Jaʿbar castle, southern side of the castle
A model of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Modell, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. Zu sehen der Tempel in seinem Hof und die Peribolos-Mauer mit den Propyläen. Der Tempel wurde um 30 n. Chr. geweiht, die Propyläen im 12. Jh. in eine arabische Bastion umgewandelt (Bauinschrift s. Bild 0599 !). Im linken Teil sieht man den Eingang zum Tunnel der Rampe unter den Peribolos (s. Bild 0606 !): hier wurden die Opfertiere in einer Prozession zum Altar im Hof geführt. Zu erkennen ist auch, dass der Tempel quer orientiert ist - interessanterweise wie die islamische Moschee ! ]
Roman Theater, 2nd c. AD
The theatre had been renovated before the war. It was used by ISIS for executions.
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq
Dead Cities, Kirkbiza: A team of mule and oxen pulling a metal plough.
Jamiʿ (mosque) ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi, seen from Friday's suq
Photos near al-Jami' as-Salimi, Nr.50
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - shard
Tall Aswad; Pottery Fragment; ROM 17
Bimaristan Arghun, inscription
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Ottoman inscription above the gateway
Sahat (Square) al-Marja in the early 20th century
[Original:'Damaskus: Telegrafendenkmal']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
View of plastics and metal waste, at-Tabqa
Dancing on a terrace in the St. Thekla Monastery on the Holy Cross Day in Maʿlula
Excavation work, Madinat al-Far
Decorated wooden door of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Inscription on the Damascus wall
Capital of a column- Temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: einer der drei Säulen. Zumindest auf zwei Seiten ist es sehr gut erhalten. Vgl. Bild 0373 ! ]
A door of room beside the Iwan of Quwatli House
Liwan. Seitentür
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum in al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
[ Description by author: ~ Südwand mit dem Mihrâb. Unten links ein Stück des Grabes. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Palace D, ar-Raqqa; Relief Decorated Stone; now in National Museum Damascus
Stucco panels on the walls of an Abbasid building in Kharab Sayyar
Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
A woman with a screen-printed headscarf called Habari
Khan al-Wazir, decoration and windows on top of the internal facade of the khan's entrance
Exterior view, front
Exterior view of ad-Daydariyya cave
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Bimaristan Arghun, passageway
shap_import_60902
Remains of a Hexastyle Temple at Shahba
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, entrance of the tomb
Mausoleum az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall
Interior view of Tomb Tower of Elahbel, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Erdgeschoss, Inneres. Links und rechts zwischen den Pilastern die Loculi für die Toten. Im Hintergrund die Familie des Grabinhabers, vgl. Bild 0836 ! Zur Decke s. Bild 0837 ! ]
Details of tent-construction, fastening of the side ropes of the Bedouin tent
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Room Berlin), details of the painted wooden panel
The painted wood panel belongs to Wakil house in Aleppo. It represents floral patterns of multiple colours.
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
Soap of Aleppo: fresh soap to dry
Interior view from the soap production: a stack of freshly produced soap, arranged with columns in between. So they will stay for several months to dry.
A wall painting from Zimri-Lim’s palace in Mari (Tall al-Hariri), which is known as "The Ordinator of the Sacrifice" (ca. 1780 BC) and hangs in the Louvre.
Section of a wall painting, where a large figure (here not visible) is the king, depicted presiding over a ritual sacrifice. [Original: Malerei aus Mari]
View from southeast, Ithriya Temple
Auf der linken Seite ist gut das Podium zu erkennen. Gesehen von ~ Südosten. [Original:'Ithriya (Seriana),']
A distant view of Masyaf castle and town
At the upper reach of the Khabur near Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Traditional houses, Ma'lula
Wadi az-Zaydi, Ancient bridge
near Busra, Bridge
Hillside houses of Armanaz on a mountain slope
Habuba Kabira, entrance side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)
Al-Khusrawiyya: Explosion crater where the mosque once stood, 2016
The first Ottoman mosque in the city was designed by the famous architect Sinan. An explosion in 2014 destroyed the mosque completely, nothing but a huge crater is left.
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
[Original: Apsiden der Ostbasilika von außen]
Arch bridge over the Orontes River, which leads to the Shayzar Castle
A woman in a rural area with traditional clothes
Hammam Bahram Basha, the entrance facade
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall
Qasr Ibn Wardan, the church
Bayt Junblat, the large courtyard and iwan
A view of the large courtyard of Junblat house, and in the center there is a large water basin built from the outside in the style of Ablq, in which stone rows alternates between yellow and black color. The iwan in the picture is one of the highest in traditional Aleppo houses. The iwan is covered with blue and white glazed ceramic tiles.
General view of the village and castle of Shayzar along the Orontes river
Near Safira, upper opening in a dome , used to fill in straw or chaff
View of the old town from Maʿlula with its traditionally light blue painted facades
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden prayer niche
Transporting sugar beets in al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Zuckerrübentransport im Ghab]
An aerial view of Ibn Maʿn's castle located on one of the highest mountains of Palmyra
Khan al-Jumruk, general view showing the mosque's dome and the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - finds
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, SW-Neg.89/923-924
Al-Madrasa ar-Rukniyya al-Barraniyya - view from the south
Shahba, Women in traditional dresses doing the laundry
al-Hayr al-Sharqi Palace, Inside of the early Umaiyad desert castle (Western complex)
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the main entrance from the outside
Threshing in Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain): farmers are separating wheat from chaff
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), courtyard
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya) showing the niche (mihrab)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Two Kurdish women. The woman on the right is wearing a traditional woven overgarment
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Capital from ar-Raqq, National Museum Damascus, Nr.13446
At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Entrance of a bastion with loopholes
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall entrance - floral motifs decorating a column
Khan Dannun - Courtyard
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, detail of modern and re-used portal (spolia)
Modern interpretations of the traditional craft of ‘Ajami (workshop of Aliya Alnuami)
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, the upper part - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Decoration in Jami al-Tuta or Jami ash-Shu'aybiyya. [Original: Jâmi' at-Tûta, Halab / Aleppo. "Maulbeerbaum-Moschee": Detail aus dem ayyubidischen Dekor an den Resten des Gebälks, vgl. Bild 1216 !']
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Al-Bimaristan an-Nuri, Ornaments above the door lintel
The Great Colonnade, Palmyra
Habuba Kabira, maintenance of the house by a further exterior plastering
ʿIsa minaret in the south-eastern corner of the Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: gesehen von ~ Norden und römische Reste an der Ostseite der Moschee. Die Tür Bild 0161 befindet sich, wenn ich mich richtig erinnere, hinter dem Betrachter in der rechten Mauer. ]
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Raqqa VIII; North-East Complex, s.SW-Neg.89/551
Monastry St. Sergius on the edge of the mountain plain overlooking Maʿlula
Bimaristan an-Nuri, water reservoir made of basalt
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, prayer hall
The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar
Busra - Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ - prayer hall
Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater
theater
View from the Zayzun waterfalls into Yarmuk river, which there the border between Syria and Jordan
View to the northeast, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: in seiner Landschaft. Etwas anderer Standort als Bild 0493, Blick nach ~ Nordosten. ]
Entrance of Suq al-Hamidiyya in the eighties of the 20th century, Damascus
Temple of 'Ayn Dara, Giant footprints carved into the stone floor
Raqqa, Raqqa, Bedouin family in their tent
The Bedouin family lived in their tent next to the excavation of the German Archaeological Institute, as they were initially the official guards.
Terraced grain fields on the western slope of the coastal mountain range (Jabal Ansariyya)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Prayer hall "sanctuary", Jamiʿ Manjak (mosque)
Busra Citadel - Stone decorations at the entrance
Umayyad Mosque, the Mamluk Minaret of Qaytbay on the northwestern corner
General view of of Damascus city with the Umayyad Mosque
Closed arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
View of the Khabur River with a small noria
One of the towers of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glazed pottery figure from ar-Raqqa; now in National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.5819; Height 46,5 cm
A village in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
View of Mar Taqla Monastery, Maʿlula
[Original: Maalulla- Thekla-Kloster]
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
shap_import_60891
View into an arcade with ablaq masonry, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
Safita, view from the Qal'a on at-Tall quarter
Courtyard of guest wing (so called selamlik oder barrani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, s.SW-Neg.89/638-643
A group of camels near as-Sabʿa Biyar, Syrian Desert
View of Dahiyat as-Salihiyya at-Tarikhiyya from al-ʿAfif area
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, vertical declining sundial
shap_import_60568
Khan Qurdbak, courtyard - southern and eastern porticos
Bayt Dallal, ʿajami ceiling of a qaʿa (hall)
Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, now the Riʿaya private school, Bab Tuma
Tarma. Innen
Entrance of the Ayyubid Mosque of Fatima, Busra
Remains of an ancient minaret in Khirbat as-Sarayij
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the west of prayer hall
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance
[Original: al-Burj al-Ayyubi]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, view of the prayer niche
Mari (Tall al-Hariri), the palace's cistern made of baked brick (beginning of 2nd millennium BC)
Jurn Kabir, the traditional type of the double room house, which is divided inside by a transverse wall.
Palm groves
A view from a high peak of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Chinese cloud motifs on the top side of the panel, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
A building belongs to Qal‘at Shayzar
Khan Qurdbak, western portico from the inside
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, southern part, ground floor plan before demolition
Before destruction of southern part in 1950, copy. Size of plan 42 x 30. no scale. [Original on plan: الجبهة بحالتها الراهنة]
Nature in Barada valley
Khan Qurdbak, stone ornamentaion
Detailed view of a magnificent stone ornamentation: in the window niche flanked by plaited decorative columns there is a flat relief (overlay) arch above the lintel, with joggled voussoirs in a ablaq (multicoulored) pattern. Above it, at the level of the column capitals, there is a bas-relief of geometric ribbonwork. In addition, the frame around the niche is extended by a double muqarnas band, framed by a dentil frieze
Damascus, Sinâniya-mosque, fassade, built 1518
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1590. Eingangs-"Iwan", Minarett und Kuppel. ]
Windows on the monastery's facade, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: in der "Fassade" - ein gewisses ästhetisches Bemühen ist unverkennbar, leider haben Felsabbrüche viel vernichtet. ]
Wooden old door, Madinat Dimashq al-Qadima
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., South facade, decoration detail of the central doorway
A shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya, Old City of Damascus
Busra, The East Gate "Nabataean Gate"
Nabatäisches Tor, Hauptstraße, am östlichen Ende der Hauptstraße, von Westen. Es soll im frühen 1. Jh. erbaut worden sein Westlich davon lag das römische, nach Osten das nabatäische Viertel der Stadt. Der Name ist weniger auf seine Erbauer, als auf die typisch nabatäischen Hörnerkapitelle der Säulen und Pilaster zurückzuführen. Vgl. Bild 3776 - 3779 !
View from west at al-Kilaniyya historic quarter and al-Baz noria (waterwheel)
Rare view of the now vanished quarter (destroyed in 1982) on the right bank of the Orontes. [Original description: Hama quartier Kaylani] Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Porticus post scaenam, Roman Theater- Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/983] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, section east-west
Size of plan 70 x 50 . with ruler (no scale).
Function of shafts or heddles
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th C.
[Original: Kathedrale (den Märtyrern Sergios und Bacchios und dem Leontios geweiht), 512/13]
Bayt Wakil, top view of the ʿataba of the reception hall (qaʿa)
A view of the walls and the castle, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
A traditionally crafted tapestry weave
Irrigation canal near Baniyas
[Original: Bewäserungkanal im Küstengebiet des Raumes Banias]
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Small fledgeling shelters in the form of domes, to be closed by night with stones
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
Traditional mouth-blown glass workshops can still be found around the old town today. They started to decline in mid-20th century when industrialized glass manufactures spread.
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, interior view of prayer hall dome
Village of Tall Hamidiyya with excavation house (left)
Citadel of Aleppo, prayer hall of the Great Mosque
Bab al-Maqam in Aleppo, general view
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Barada River in Old city of Damascus
Hills around Palmyra (parts of Palmyra Chains)
[Original: Blick von der Burg auf die Wüstenlandschaft]
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard
Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat
The entrance of the Tomb (Hypogeum) of the Three Brothers
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, Building ornaments at the entrance
25 piastres (Commemorative coins: 25th anniversary of al-Baath Party), 20,3 mm, 1972
Bimaristan an-Nuri, frame of the entrance door
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, corbel with muqarnas supporting an arch in the inner portico
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall az-Zujaj - excavations
Raqqa X; Glass-Tall
Tall al-Biʿa - Aerial photograph
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, capital of a column of a portico
Khan al-Wazir, view of the arcade
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
Reuse of a Byzantine building as a residence, Sirjilla
[Original: Haus Nr. 17/18. Das höher gelegene Haus Nr. 18 mit einer teilweise noch stehenden doppelgeschossigen Säulenvorhalle ging zeitlich dem Haus Nr. 17 (6. Jh.) voraus.]
Tartus, museum in the former cathedral, view at western facade
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Kapitell von der äußersten Säule rechts des Konchos.'].
Columns with Corinthian capitals- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, Arabic inscription
The dome house in Taanayel: building the dome
A view of two workers inserting flat stepping stones between the bricks, an old technique to help plastering the dome houses.
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, corbel with muqarnas supporting an arch in the inner portico
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
A side from Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle)
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, view from west
Marble cenotaph next to the tomb of Salah ad-Din, was presented by German Emperor Wilhelm II during his visit to Damascus in 1898
[ Description by author: Der Kenotaph Salâhu d-Dîns. Das Grabmal war völlig vernachlässigt, bis es Wilhelm II auf seiner Orientreise 1898 restaurieren ließ und diesen Steinsarkophag stiftete. Davon berichtet die Inschrift oben links, vgl. Bild 0230 ! Zu dem weitgehend verdeckten älteren Holzsarkophag s. Bild 0229 ! (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
Raqqa V; West Palace, s.SW-Neg.86/1252
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - marble decoration
Raqqa, Great Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq), the courtyard
Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, dome of the prayer hall
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, Hama
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan, section east-west
Seize of plan 80 x 38, with ruler (no scale).
People gathering near a government office, Raqqa
Remains of Harim Castle
General view of the village of Shaykh Hilal
This part of the village is surrounded by domed houses, while flat-roofed houses are very few.
Artificial irrigation, al-Ghab Plain
Khan al-Hibal, the upper part of the entrance with foundation inscription
Busra - (pool) Birkat al-Hajj
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font
Khan al-Hibal, the stairs leading to the upper floor
Busra, The hot section (juwwani) of Hammam Manjak
Hamam Manjak
A small noria (water wheel) on the Orontes river
One of the small norias in Hama which appears to be very similar to the large norias with its wheel of trunks and stone base.
A traditionally crafted tapestry cover (Kilim)
al-Bara, Pyramidal roofed tomb known locally as As-Sawma‘a,
Aliya Alnuami is experimenting with new ways of painting and decorating ‘Ajami work
Parking spaces infront of the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main facade after the destruction
1
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of the minaret
The only minaret in Aleppo with two galleries.
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, streetview of a late ottoman residential house and a warehouse beside, situated on a slope
Behind the stone building in the front of the photo is situated the garden of the late Ottoman house.
In the southern part of Tall Abyad, remains of the church made of mud bricks
General view of the Orontes valley in the 1960s
Masbanat al-Jubayli, the soap cubes after cutting
The arranged and cut-out Aleppo soap in the upper floor of the soap manufactory which is located in a historic building.
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the outside
[ Description by author: Der Bogen kaschiert einen Straßenknick von ca. 25° nach links von ~ Nord-Nord-West nach ~ Nordwest. Er besteht aus zwei "Scheiben", jede rechtwinklig zum entsprechenden Straßenabschnitt. Der Grundriss bildet also ein "V" mit der Spitze links. Jede "Scheibe" hat drei Durchgänge, aber nur bei der hinteren ist der höhere mittlere Bogen erhalten. Zwischen den "Scheiben" vertrittt Mauerwerk die Säulen, links (hier verdeckt) mit einer Öffnung, rechts mit zweien. Auf dem Bild sieht man den Knick von außen: die Säulenbasen links vorn gehören zum 1., die Säulen links hinten zum 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße. Um die vordere "Scheibe zu rekonstruieren, muss man eine Linie vom Bogen links zum Bogen rechts ziehen und sich darüber den zweiten hohen Mittelbogen vorstellen. Vgl. Bild 0663a ! ]
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak
Capital, Umayyad Mosque
[Original: Omayyaden-Moschee (705 - 725), Aktanthuskapitell]
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a general view of bridge between the two castles
A lateral Iwan at Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Seitenliwan
Raqqa, Baghdad gate
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, general view from southeast
Vegetation with rocks in the coastal mountains
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, interior view: courtyard and rooms from outside
Bahra mit Moscheefront 1917?
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center
A view of the courtyard of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir, Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Busra, Hammam Manjak, hot section (juwwani)
Rooms of the proper bath after restoration
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the southern facade of the tower with its machicolations and parapets
ar-Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, the northern iwan
General view of the Mediterranean sea in Baniyas
Modern painted panels with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, ablutions fountain
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th c. AD
Big stone trough, Ugarit
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A farmer in the Badiyya shows the traditional pillows woven by his wife
Cows in a field in the Ghouta of Damascus
The Ghouta of Damascus was characterized by the raising of cattle (known as the Damascene cows) of pure race, which is unique compared with the rest of the Levant. The rich pastures of the Ghouta provided good feed, and hence the cows provided the best milk.
Burj as-Saʿa, qastal window
Colossal basalt lion found in 1955 in ʿAyn Dara
Khan al-Wazir, general view
The North West Tower of Damascus Citadel
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, a wooden internal balcony (sudda) above the prayer hall entrance
Part of the walls, Qalʿat Harim
Feast of the excavation with musicians playing the local music with mizmar (local oboe) and big drum
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
Interior view of the cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa, Tartus museum today
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade, al-Midan
General view of ʿAyn Dara temple
Sirjilla, large press (P.01, House 09, southern annexe)
Trip of the IFEAD, the dead cities [voyage IFEAD, villes mortes]
The traditional way of filling and weighing the wool, Raʾs al-ʿAyn
View from Harim Castle towards the nearby plains
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - minaret, northern-eastern corner
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, Piles of wheat before its package in bags
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
Courtyard, Fountain
Suq Aslan Dada, general view after completion of the reconstruction, view towards south
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction
Bayt Dallal, decorated stone of the well
Qunaya: in the Museum of the Monastery of St Simeon
The museum shows everyday objects as they are often found in the earth still today: pearls, bracelets, spindles, etc.
Busra, the western wall and the apse are the remains of the Byzantine Cathedral built in the 6th century
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
al-Burayj, General view of the Monastery of Saint Daniel, 6th c. AD
Tartus, in the Chapel of the Templar fortress
Irrigation fields of ʿAyn at-Tina in Qalamun (mountainous region in southwest Syria)
The village itself lies in the middle ground above the level of the irrigated field terraces: In the background, the Eocene limestone layer of the Jebel Maaloula with up to 1913 m above sea level.
Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel
Habuba Kabira, water reservoir for field-irrigation, in the background motor pump of the well
Busra, Hammam Manjak, interior view
Museum of Arwad - Arwad citadel
Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama
This set of norias is called aj-Jisriyya, and is considered the largest and one of the most famous and beautiful norias of Hama city.
As-Safira area in Aleppo province - clay dome houses
Khan al-Hibal, the northern facade, upper floor
A sample of the handprinted fabric prepared for the women of Douma.
Palmyra, view from afar of Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan (castle)
seen from the south
Madrasat al-Firdaws, west wall of iwan opposite the prayer hall
Hammam Bahram Pasha, exterior facade
The street facade of the bathhouse with striped masonry (ablaq).
A side from the castle showing an entrance, Qalʿat Najm
Mausoleum of ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi
["Nr.A"] (see catalogue-no. A; in: Meinecke, Michael, in: Damaszener Mitteilungen I/1983)
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, ground plan and sectional drawings through the large hall
In the ground plan, the parts demolished in the fifties of the 20th century for a road extension were added. On the right, a north-south section through the large domed hall (above) and another from west to east. The plans have been redrawn as a CAD file by the BTU Cottbus, based on a draft by Jean-Claude David and Thierry Grandin.
Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri, the cold section (barrani)
The cold section (barani) is big and composed of four vaulted iwans, each of which has a platform and arched niche to put garments in. The center of this section is an octagonal water basin with a fountain.
Corner of a Bedouin tent from goat hair during the desert festival in ar-Rusafa
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome
Chamber tomb with two chambers, Inscription from 1514
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), section of southern iwan, courtyard and two chambers
size of plan 22 x 15 . scale 1:100 .
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall
A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus
The Ghuta consisted of a large number of groves separated from each other by walls or mud fences. There was often a small road between a grove and another, where it was accessed through a gate. The walls were built of rammed earth, an old tradition of rural architecture in the region.
Main entrance of the church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Tür der Südseite]
Ruins of Diocletian Camp
A street scene in one of the suqs of Dayr az-Zawr
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
A traditionally crafted tapestry weave
Warp threads in a mill of the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
Remains of the entrance of al-Walid palace, Qasr Says in Jabal Says
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., Apse and south façade
[Original: Basilika, vor 469, SO-Seite]
Maronite Cathedral, lower part of one of the cathedral towers
General view from outside, Jamiʿ Manjak
Maronite Cathedral, main entrance
Mary's girdle in the Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt, Homs
Courtyard of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir showing the treasure dome and the minaret
Damage of the minaret. Here in general the minaret 03 is seen..
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., central view at nave and apse
Maps of Aleppo: functional zoning in the ancient city, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Functional zoning. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend: - Retail I (higher level, western style), - Retail II (more simple/ traditional), - Retail III (basic level), - Retail IV (for rural customers), - Quarter suq I (rich assortment), - Quarter suq II (simple & handycrafts), - Wholesale I (offices & delivery/higher standard), - Wholesale II (warehouse/ lower standard), - Wholesale III (warehouse for purchase/ agricultural materials), - Warehouse (basic for retail, wholesale and crafts), - Basic usage I (storage, garbage, cattle), - Basic usage II (housing in non-housing buildings), - Crafts I (modern western), - Crafts II (traditional+technolgy), - Crafts III (traditional, basic), - Religious building, - Hammam, Schooll, - Traditional Coffeehouse, - Public authority-health-military use. [Original in German: Aleppo: Funktionale Gliederung | Karte 3] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
Bayt Wakil, iwan
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, ground plan drawing before the partial demolition
Reconstruction drawing of the intact palace before the partial demolition in the southern part (plot VII-3-1 2057 in today's borders), with additionally drawn in cadastral level, for its extension on different plots. Based on a partial survey of the Antiquities Administration (DGAM).
Vaulted entrance, Qalʿat Harim from the interior
Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the Suq to the west
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
View into a room in Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
shap_import_48458
Jaʿbar Castle, Minaret of the mosque
A general view of a part of monumental buildings
[ Description by author: dahinter das Areal des Bel-Tempels. Vorn links die Säulenstraße, 3. Abschnitt, dann der Tetrapylon, dahinter die Säulen der Diokletians-Thermen und dann der Monumentalbogen. Man sieht deutlich, dass die Säulentraße auch im Tetrapylon einen Knick aufweist. Rechts vom Tetrapylon das Theater, ganz rechts die Agora mit Annex und Bankettsaal. Gesehen nach ~ Südosten. ]
Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Northern Iwan
[G 88/ 24/ 293] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Entrance to the Church of St Peter, Saydnaya
[ Description by author: oder kleiner Tempel von Bild 0421: Eingang. Noch gut erhalten ist der Türsturz. Die Portalöffnung selbst ist verkleinert, Vermutung: der / die große(n) Türflügel gingen kaputt, Geld für neue war nicht da (vielleicht wegen des Baues des Marienklosters ?), und so kam man auf die Idee, die Portalöffnung zu verkleinern. Womit ? Der Stein ist ein Monolith, er könnte als Eingang von einem anderen Gebäude stammen - diese Eingänge bestehen aber üblicherweise aus mindestens drei Steinen. War es ein "Trog" (welcher Art auch immer, selbst ein Sarg), aus dem man den Boden herausgemeißelt hat ? ]
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico
The facade of prayer hall overlooking the courtyard, Umayyad Mosque
[Original:'Damaskus, Omajjaden-Moschee, vom Friedhof aus gesehen']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Interior view of the Hypogeum of Artaban in the south-eastern cemetery area
[ Description by author: Die Exedra mit dem Grabinhaber auf seiner Totenkline, umgeben von seiner Familie. Außerdem sind in diesem Grab einige der Platten mit den Reliefbüsten der Verstorbenen erhalten, die die Loculi nach vorn abschlossen. ]
Qal‘at Shayzar (castle), The stairs leading to the entrance
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/25/435] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Tartus, museum in former cathedral, view at western facade
A stairway leading to the upper floor, Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Tall Dahab, Guesthouse of a village with sculptural decoration of the facade
Naʿurat al-Muhammadiyya (waterwheel), the biggest noria in Hama
Western shore of Jabbul-Salt Lake, abondoned village with dome houses
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade
Traditional patchwork wall hangings, in which small things might be stored
Madrasat al-Firdaws, courtyard, iwan and western arcade
A staircase was leading up to upper floor at Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
shap_import_48446
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the marble prayer niche
Tall al-Biʿa, view from afar
[Original: Blick auf Tall al-Biʿa]
The village of al-Qirata on the northern slope of the Sajur valley, old lime-washed houses visible.
Shuyukh Tahtani, a kurdish extended family after their dinner
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and (pool) Birkat al-Hajj, view from south
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), details of the hall facade situated on the eastern side of the courtyard
shap_import_65807
Courtyard and Iwan, Qasr As‘ad Basha al-'Azm
Liwan und Bahra
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Blick von der Zitadelle Euphrat-aufwärts nach ~ Nordwesten.
Basalt orthostats on the western side of ʿAyn Dara Temple
Remains of mills at the waterfalls of Tall Shihab
Lower basin of the waterfalls of Tall Shihab
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, western facade
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Mari (Tall Hariri), a side of the architectural remains
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Afamiya, Northern Roman baths
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, one of the pendentives carrying the dome
Remains of arches, Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
Courtyard of family wing (so called haramlik or jummwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Houses overlooking the Barada River in Old Damascus
Tartus, cathedral, interior view of the ruinous nave of the church
Interior view of the cathedral of Tortosa with shepherds in the ruinous nave. Reproduction of an engraving by W. H. Bartlett. Assumed date of origin around 1830. [Original: Christian Church at Tortosa]
Habuba Kabira, during the construction of cantilever domes, the mortar is pulled up using a bucket
Bayt Wakil, fountain of the reception hall (qaʿa)
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
A side of the Salah ad-Din Castle
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, Hama
Fountain in al-ʿAzm Palace
The mausoleum (turba) of Ibn Salama ar-Raqqi, topped by a dome
Ras Shamra, Remains of the Ugarit kingdom
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The prayer hall
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription above ad-Darih
Wakil house, courtyard
Part of fortifications in Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
shap_import_48482
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall
Hammam Bahram Basha, the dome of the inner part (juwwani)
The dome of the inner part (juwwani) of Bahram Pasha bath was built from clay-brick and is resting directly on the iwan vaults. The dome contains a large number of stained-glass openings, which are formed in various geometric shapes of stars, circles and hexagons.
Qanawat -Roman nympheum
Monolith ceiling of the south Thalamos in the cella, Temple of Bel
Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Castle), The mosque of Hasan Jalal ad-Din
Raqqa - the excavation in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex, clay decorations
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, view of the western facade and dome of the mausoleum
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall dome - octogonal tambour on squinches
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, prayer hall - historic photo of the collapsed central dome
Muqarnas-Zwickel der Grabkuppel
Columns with Corinthian capitals, remnants of the Jupiter Temple
Bayt Dallal, decorated stone above a gate
Afamiya, remains of the colonnaded street (Cardo Maximus)
Traditional production of animal glue
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
Forecourt before Renewal, view to south
Hammam Bahram Basha, the entrance façade
Courtyard from the northeast, portico - Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Portikus der Nordostecke, Standort zwischen den Säulen und dem Mauereck, Blick nach Südwesten. Nord- und Ostportikus haben die selbe Höhe. Zwischen den Säulen erkennt man links / Mitte den Tempel, rechts die Propyläen. ]
Bayt Ghazala, the iwan
[Original: B86 /Film XV]
Bimaristan Arghun, view of side portico of main courtyard
Capital of the corner column, portico of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Tele-Ausschnitt aus Bild 0609: das Kapitell der Eck"säule". Diese Eck"säule" ist von außen gesehen ein Pfeiler, von innen sind es zwei Halbsäulen in die beiden Richtungen (vgl. Bild 0611 !). Das Ganze hat einen herzförmigen Querschnitt, s. entsprechende Fotos bei den Beirut- und Ba'labak-Bildern ! ]
(Bath) Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit - plan
Tartus, Qalʿat al-Marqab, Crusader castle, a courtyard in the castle.
Bimaristan Arghun, main courtyard - capital decorated with muqarnas
Modern interpretations of the traditional craft of ‘Ajami (workshop of Aliya Alnuami)
Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, General view
General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Tele + Ausschnitt. Blick von ~ Südosten. Der Standort muss nicht der angegebene sein: jeder Punkt auf dieser Linie zwischen Hauptstraße und Stadtmauer ist möglich ....... ['Zenobia Hotel (?),'] ]
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy,
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
In the vicinity of a small town/village on the slope of a natural rock, possibly in the Afrin region
Question: Does anyone know where the place shown in the photo is located? The photo was taken in 1984 somewhere in West or North Syria. On the photo one can see a small river, a wide plain with fields and trees, and a rock rising from the plain with a small building on top. On the slope of this rock is situated a village. Since there are low mountains in the background, the photo may have been taken in the Afrin region.
Mushannaf, Small Roman Temple
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, a groin vault in the entrance
shap_import_65982
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Narthex of south basilica (south façade of church)
An artificial canal in Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Yabrud: making Burghul, in background a wall in a special pisé-technique
Citadel of Aleppo, Maqam Ibrahim - foundation inscription on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
Building the walls of the example dome house in Taanayel (Libanon)
The picture shows the ready mud bricks and the first stage of building the walls of the traditional Syrian dome house in Taanayel
A photo of the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Bl.aus dem Liwan ü.d. Bahra
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, faience tiles decoration above a window
[Original: 'Jâmi' al-'Âdiliya, Halab / Aleppo. Fayence-Dekor, vgl. den aus der Takiya as-Sulaimâniya in Dimashq Bild 0122, 0123 !'].
Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, 1754
The largest commercial building of Damascus with the distinctive change of basalt and limestone was built by the governor Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, inscription above the entrance of additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
B63 Film-VI Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (Hijaziyya)
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, inscription above the prayer niche
Jurn Kabir, Well on the shore terrace, overlooking the wide flood plain of the Euphrates, which was flooded in the Tishrin reservoir
Funerary sculpture of a Palmyrene couple
[Original: Museum: Grabrelief für ein Ehepaar]
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, general view of the entrance
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, eastern Qaʿa, section north-south, view to east
"Small" qaa, view to east, double window partly reconstructed in drawing. Size of plan 70 x 50, with ruler (no scale).
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
The north western corner of the peribolos wall, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Aber welche ? Die Form des Mauerwerks und des Porikus sprechen für die Nordwest-Ecke und nachmittags / abends wäre eine derartige Beleuchtung möglich.- Wenn diese Überlegung stimmt, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
Raqqa, A side from al-Banat Palace
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Main entrance
Excavation at Tall al-Biʿa, Ancient city of Tuttul
A truck transporting raw cotton bags stops at some bedouin tents in Raqqa-countryside
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
Grazing sheep on the edge of al-Ghab Plain
[Original: KLeintierherde am Rand d. Ghab]
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Exterior view of the dome and the minaret, Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, southern portico
Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the small Iwan
Khan al-Wazir, the mosque
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's southern facade
shap_import_63415
Raqqa, The ruins of Qasr al-Banat
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: annex, ground floor plan
Annex building in the north of Matbakh al Ajami, size of plan 50 x 36. Ruler.
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Arches in a house, the Ghouta of Damascus
Domes of as-Salamiyya historical bath from the outside
A picture from the outside of a group of domes and vaults belonging to the historical bath in as-Salamiyya. They contain small openings that are arranged within a pattern. In addition to their aesthetics, their main function is to lighten the various interior bathroom sections.
Bimaristan Arghun, southern courtyard - view of open dome
shap_import_60897
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the eastern side facing Hammam Manjak
A view of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains covered with snow
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, The western enclosure, view from inside
Remains of fortifications in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
The city of Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
[ G 88/ 07/ 075] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].. On the back of the photos:[everything is Raqqa without 073] ['Alles Raqqa, ausser 073']
Exterior view from the south of the North Gate in ar-Rusafa.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, Corinthian marble capital decorating the prayer niche
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - interior view of the dome
View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
From Balis and now in Damascus Museum. [Original:'DAMASKUS, Mus. <---
Balis']
A woman in a rural area with traditional clothes
Ash-Shaykh Hasan Mausoleum
Photo of Mausoleum des Gouverneur Ahmad Pasha, in Maidan
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas details
[Original:'Jâmi' al-'Âdiliya,Halab / Aleppo. "Muqarnas" über dem Eingang. Vgl. Bild 1221.'] !
in the Ghab plain: thatched mud houses, 1963
General view of the Great Mosque of Hama
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, prayer hall
Courtyard on the upper floor, Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Suq Aslan Dada, reconstruction of northern entrance, view towards south
Hammam an-Nahhasin, the warm section (wastani)
The middle part (wastani) in the public baths is a section of moderate temperatures, and consists, in an-Nahhasin bath, of chambers, iwans and niches. In this niche there are three stone basins for washing. The walls are covered with modern ceramics that change many of the features of the Ayyubid bath. The floor is paved with colored marble tiles in the middle that form simple geometric decorations.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/401] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
Great Mosque of Aleppo, northern arcade, former gate of the madrasa Dar al-Quran al-ʿAshaʾiriyya
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - the exterior facade and the entrance
The historical sulfur Afqa Spring
[ Description by author: Wieder die Quelle, aber diesmal von ~ Nordosten. Links und hinten rechts sind zwei Altäre zu erkennen. Wenn das Gestufte hinter der Säule die alte Zugangstreppe zur Quelle ist, war sie verdammt steil ....... ]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
Tall Aswad; relief decorated pottery
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Theater
Figurine of a lion on the fountain edge, at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya
[ Description by author: Der Löwe von Bild 0124 von der anderen Seite. ]
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Hof gegen Tarma
Bayt Ajiqbash, the splendid decorated iwan
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, view of destroyed dome
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Roman tower tomb in Sarrin
View of a hill in the upper Euphrates valley (al-Furat al-Aʿla)
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - minbar's entrance
Camel and its guide on sacrophagus
[ Description by author: Kamel und sein Führer. Die Darstellung befindet sich vermutlich unter einer Kline.- Ob dieses Bild ebenfalls zum Sarkophag Bild 0873 - 0877 gehört, kann ich nicht mehr sagen. ['26/03/2002 (?)'] ]
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), section from the interior (the courtyard)
size of plan 21 x 15 . scale 1:100 .
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
A traditional house in Jabʿadin
Qasr al-ʿAzm, decorative niche in the dome hall
Columns belong to the Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: bis zum Monumentalbogen, linke Seite. Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. Alle Zuordnungen sind hypothetisch ! ]
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main northern facade
Graves upon Jabal ʿAruda
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
[Original: Ruinen von Dura Europos]
Rich decorations in Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Innenraum
A view of fields in 'Afrin area
An olive and vegetable grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Bayt Wakil, floor tiles
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, southern facade with spolia stones and hieroglyphic writing
Remains of fortifications along the Euphrates River, Halabiyya
Staircase and old wooden door in a traditional House in Maʿlula
View from the courtyard towards the northeastern side of the valley, Dayr Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Blick vom Innenhof auf die ~ nordöstliche Talseite mit modernen Bauten für Leute "auf der Suche". Die teil-vermauerten Höhlen könnten die der ursprünglichen Mönche sein. ]
Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
The lion was embedded in the outer wall of the Al-Lat temple. As a protector of an antelope it is a symbol of peacefullness. The stone statue was severely damaged by ISIS.
Sacrophagi in the Hypogeum of the Three Brothers
[ Description by author: Die Sarkophage, als Triclinium angeordnet. ]
Outlining and shadowing of motifs of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Abdelraouf Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
Qalb Lawza Basilica, illustration of the assumed construction method
Drawing of a perspective section of the basilica showing an idea of its former construction.
Palmyra, arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian), entrance to the Great Colonnade
View towards north west
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., Apse and south façade
[Original: Basilika, vor 469, SO-Seite]
Part of the of the city wall of Damascus
A photo of Masyaf Castle overlooking the city
Qasr al-ʿAzm, terrace with portico in the upper floor
Terrasse mit Portikus vor dem Kuppelsaal. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
View of al-Kilaniyya Norias
Tele-Ausschnitt aus Bild 1007. (original date 03/03/2001 (?)) .['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, minaret
The minaret is of the Anatolian style, with a square base, octagonal drum, and cylindrical shaft ornamented with zig-zags and blind arches. It dates to later in the 14th/8th century and was not constructed as part of the original mosque. the minaret reconstrued in 1946.(archnet.org) The minaret had suffered severe damage during the conflict in Aleppo (2012-2016) and eventually collapsed.
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, prayer niche
Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Part of Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph) from the inside
[ Description by author: Linker Ansatz des großen Bogens der 2. "Scheibe". ]
al-Mihmandar Mosque, general view from south-east
A photo of villagers at the entrance of traditional building under construction, Raqqa
Palmyra, general view of the Tetrapylon
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, The courtyard with vaulted arcades
Mosaic of the sea goddess "Thetys", Shahba Museum
View from Temple of the Standards
[Original: Blick von der Principia auf die Ausgrabungen (Principia = official places of the army officers)]
Tall al-Biʿa, Ancient city of Tuttul
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - painted glass
Westpalace; Find Nr.14747, painted glass
General view of the Shumaymis Castle
auf ihrem Vulkankegel (oben als Fels und im Mauerwerk Basalt !). Gesehen von entweder Südwesten (so der GPS-Tag) oder von Südosten, von der Straße Hamâ - Salamiya. [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
A small window in the middle of a niche- upper floor, Qal‘at Shayzar
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main hall (qaʿa)
Monastery of St Simeon, baptismal font
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance and the northern wall after widening the street
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration
Tall Mumbaqa, Feast in a goat-hair tent during the excavation
Man dancing to the tunes of a flute at a party of the excavation
The gate of south-western side, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Gate of south-western side [Original: "Salihiyyah, Tor der Südwestseite"]
The donjon and the corner tower of Yahmur Castle
Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
Bayt Junblat, door in the centre of southern iwan
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Iwân des Süd(?)flügels: die mittlere Tür.].
A village with reed thatched roofed houses in al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Dorf mit z.T. traditionellen schilfgedeckten Häusern im Ghab-Gebiet]
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
in der Westmauer, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall - octagonal neck of the dome
General view of Ibn Maʿn Castle
[Original: Burg oberh. v. Palmyra]
One of the inner part of Ibn Maʿn Castle
Remains of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: Links das Peristyl des Beckens (dass es ein Becken ist, erkennt man auf Bild 0693, 0694 !), ganz rechts das Propylon, hinten die Innenseite des Monumentalbogens. Gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, the entrance from the inside
Part of the Mihrab decorations, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mihrâb: "Borte" über dem unteren Teil der Nische. ]
An aerial photograph of the city of Raqqa, showing the wall and the old mosque (original photo: Mohamad Al-Roumi)
Yabrud, Residential house with covered terrace (riwaq)
The place of al-Ashnan watermill on the foot of Qasyun mountain
shap_import_77199
Spring pasture of sheep grazing in Badiyyat ash-Sham at Sabʿ Biyar
Temple of Bel behind palm trees
Hadrian’s Arch, 3rd century AD, view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street
Ceiling ornament, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Khan al-Jumruk, internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Wakil house, Reception hall
Burial tombs in the rocks? northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Jeweils für mehrere Personen ? ]
Fruitful trees and corn in the Ghouta of Damascus
Khan Qurdbak, southern part of the khan - iwan of the Mamluk palace
Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD
The Tetrapylon marks a slight change of direction and an intersection in the course of the colonnaded street. It completely lies in ruins after the explosion.
View to the west. The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here the minbar 14 and secondary spaces 08-01 are seen.
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
View of courtyard facade [Original: Privathaus, Innenhof] Pl. Nr. Aufnahme Enderlein, Foto-Verz. Nr. 11028 A 18
Fishermen in the Tartus' harbour
[Original: Fischer in Tartus]
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, niche and minbar in the prayer hall (Samah Khana)
Jurn Kabir, in the center of a traditional double-room house (areas for living, sleeping, supplies, kitchen)
Citadel of Aleppo, the Museum - inscription
Barada River in a state of drought, near Victoria Bridge
Aramaic inscription on the western altar, al-Karasi
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0571: die aramäische Inschrift. ]
The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Raqqa, al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq, Remains of the southern arcade from the inside
Upper Barada valley in Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains)
Loopholes in the fortifications of Halabiyya
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, arcade along the prayer hall
Detail of a decorated wooden panel of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak
Burning and damage inside the rooms of the eastern part of the courtyard. The space is 06 in general, according to the ground plan. The secondary space 02, and most likely space 08 are seen.
Sculpture of a camel and two persons with Parthian costume
[ Description by author: aus Palmyra in parthischer (Hosen !) Tracht. ]
In the tent of a Bedouin family with the living area in the foreground and behind the partition the storage area of all goods
Bayt Wakil, courtyard (restaurant)
Busra, the Roman theater stage is surrounded by the Islamic citadel
On the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Khan al-Hibal, general plan
Winding of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - finds
Westpalace; Find Nr.12240
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
The so-called Eastern Palace is part of the Palace City of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. After the excavations it was preserved and made publicly accessible.
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
A view towards the Euphrates, Jabal ʿAruda
Hammam Yalbugha an-Nasiri, general view from the Citadel
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, small iwan - detail view of archway
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glazed pottery vessel; Palace B, ar-Raqqa; now in National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.16476
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Luster ceramic bowl from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.13076
Public street life in Raqqa
Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Qasr Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, courtyard and arcade
The palace of the governor’s family al-‘Azm houses today a Museum of Arts and Popular Traditions.
Maʿlula, traditional hillside houses with galleries during the 1960s
Remains of fortifications in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
The Pigeons, old city of Damascus
A flock of pigeons flies over the old City
Courtyard with fountain in the family wing (so called haramlik or juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
The cold (barrani) section of as-Salamiyya historical bath
In this cold section, called the barrani”, the picture shows three iwans with vaulted ceilings, enclosing a small courtyard of which in the middle is a water fountain. The appearing iwans contain small niches and seating platforms (sing. mastaba) that also feature many niches at the bottom.
Ajiqbash house, view of the courtyard, south-east corner
The former courtyard house of a merchant family served as Aleppo’s Museum of Popular Traditions. The house is severely damaged, especially the open living space facing the courtyard (Iwan).
The upper part of the entrance, as-Sinaniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Oberer Teil mit Stalaktiten-Halb"kuppel" und Bilder-Kacheln. ]
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Throne Hall
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Kharijat ad-Drisiyat, guest house
A small river in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
General view of Masyaf Castle
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, view from south
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, door of the prayer hall - decoration details and door handles
Habuba Kabira, how three cantilever domes are connected (two cantilever domes are posed on a relieving arch)
The courtyard with fountain and Iwan, Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Bahra mit Liwan
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, column details in the double arcade
Google earth- al-Husn Church 2010
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
General view of the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
Jurn Kabir, wall shelf on which metal plates, cups and spoons are presented
Artificial field irrigation and drinking water supplies, al-Ghab Plain
Busra, Hammam Manjak
Simple muqarnas in the Castle of Harim
The right part of the sacred complex gate, Mnin
[ Description by author: Der Zugang: rechter Teil eines Tores zum heiligen Bezirk.- Wenn hier und bei den folgenden Bilder "Römisch" angegeben ist, soll damit nur gesagt werden, dass die Anlage in heutiger Form zu dieser Zeit entstand und die Formensprache der "Reichskunst" benutzt wird. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 08/05/1999)] ]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minaret
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Oberer Teil des Minaretts.'].
Mosaic in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken]
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, general view of the madrasa from the Great Mosque minaret
Habuba Kabira, construction of the corner of a mud brick house
Corner pilaster topped by Corinthian capital, Funerary Temple
[Original: Tempelgrab Nr. 86 Weinrankenfries eines Eckpilasters]
Great Mosque, prayer hall, minbar and mihrab
The unique wooden minbar, or pulpit, belongs to the Mamluk era as indicated by the inscribed name of the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, son of Qalawun (d. 741 AH / 1341 AD). The carpenter’s name is Muhammad ibn ʿAli al-Mawsili.
A view of an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias (water wheels), Hama
A view from al-Kilaniyya Bridge towards an-Nuri Mosque and a group of three norias from the Kilaniyyat group (Kilaniyya, Tawafira and Jaʿbariyya).
Great Mosque, view at courtyard in 2018
View of the inner courtyard during the restoration works and the rubble processing, especially the rubble of the destroyed minaret.
General view of Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Busra, The cold section (Barrani) of Hammam Manjak
Interior View, Arch, Fountain,_Separaiting Sheet 86/XV
In the chruch Saint Simeon Stylites, 5th century AD
Painting on the wall of the iwan, al-ʿAzm Palace
Malerei auf der Rückseite des Iwans. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Khan Qurdbak, eastern portico
A sculpture of a woman, showing clothes and jewelry details
Jurn Kabir, children at the sabil of a private house, where people passing find potable water
Busra Citadel and the railway of the Hijaz line
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, columns and pillars
Tiles of blue Qashani, Mausoleum of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Die Inschrift über die Restaurationsarbeiten von Wilhelm II. Eine ähnliche Inschrift befindet sich im Bacchus-Tempel von Ba'labak. (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, nave looking west
Raqqa, The decorated outer facade of Baghdad Gate
Fort V, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Gesehen nach ~ Süden. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Aleppo Great Mosque, minaret, foundation inscriptions on the base
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Northwest corner of Mushannaf Temple with the artificial pool in the foreground
Nahiyat at-Tabqa, Euphrates Dam
Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the North Gate
Madrasat al-Firdaws, exterior view - northern facade
Noria (waterwheel) in Hama
The fine details of the norias are clearly visible. In the background the vaults of the water channel can be seen.
Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.
The main mosque was built in 772 AD and renovated in the 12th century. Monumental witnesses of this history are the 25 m high minaret and the arcade wall.
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, interior view of eastern facade - Iwan
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Chinese cloud motifs on the top side of the panel, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
At-Tabqa , Jaʿbar Castle, Bastion with loopholes.
Remains of the pendentifs carrying the dome of the church at Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen)]
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, marble prayer niche
Suq Aslan Dada, view of the Mamluk coat of arms (rank) at the north entrance after completion of the rebuilding work
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
und Euphrat-Auen, gesehen von nördlich der Zitadelle nach ~ Osten.
Amrit, Melqart temple (Eshmoun), central shrine
Village on western shore of Jabbul-Lake, dome houses with stone inlay on the top
Tall Abyad, Historical watermil of ʿAyn al ʿArus
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - niche with trefoil arches
Masbanat aj-Jubayli, the stage of arranging the soap to dry
In the picture, the arched corridors appear on the top floor of the soap manufactory, where the soap bars are arranged in the areas between the arches to dry them out.
A view of Arwad citadel
Part of the remains of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan
[ G 88/ 19/ 240] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].(ref. http://www.esyria.sy/eraqqa/index.php?p=stories&category=todayimg&filename=201003152100042)
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq after the destruction, view towards east
A general view of the remnants of the ancient city of Palmyra towards the south eastern palm groves
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., West and south facades from southwest
Raqqa countyside, shepherd with traditional woolen coat in the village Suwaydiyya Kabira
Arches carry the bridge over the Orontes River, which leads to the Shayzar Castle
Bimaristan Arghun, southern facade of main courtyard
shap_import_60905
General view of Masyaf Castle
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), Central courtyard and chapel
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the prayer niche
Typical mihrab of a mosque. Maybe the mosque is near Jami al-Tuta. [Original: Mihrâb, Halab / Aleppo. Typischer Mihrâb einer Moschee (vermutlich in der Nähe der Jâmi' at-Tûta)'].
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
The top floor of a house in Old Damascus
Diversity of vegetation and protruding rocks in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin
Techniques of tapestry weaves
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Umayyad Mosque in Damascus - al-ʿArus minaret
In the light of the missing central dome of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Jarada, tower
A side of al-Mudiq castle
General view of the Valley of Tombs
[Original: Palmyra u. Nekropole]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Safita, General view of the city showing the Donjon of the Templars
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Very well preserved domed rooms of a farmstead in an Assyrian village
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, entrance - inscription band
Bayt Wakil, reception hall
View over city, Jamiʿ Halab al-Kabir
A village on the foothills of the coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
Masbanat az-Zanabili, view of the courtyard and the northern courtyard facade
General view of al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya (the coastal mountains) covered by forests
A view of al-Marqab castle from the bottom of the hill
The main facade of the Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Jabla
A horizontal loom
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), details of the hall facade situated on eastern side of the courtyard
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view from the outside
shap_import_65803
Bayt Ajiqbash, Ground floor plan
Excavation work in Tall Brak
View from airplane to the upper reaches of the Sajur (mainly on Turkish territory, border strip of Syria visible at upper right)
The handles of the main door of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
Courtyard and Iwan of al-Quwatli House
Hof mit Bahra u. Liwan
The remains of the temple of 'Ayn Dara
General view of Suq al-Buzuriyya
Adult son of the semi-nomadic family in their tent from the Maskana region
Inside of Krak des Chevaliers
Ghab plain: thatched mud houses, 1963
Naʿurat al-Muhammadiyya (waterwheel), the biggest noria in Hama
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat
[original: Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat']. [83/156/1772] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos: [1983/156]
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
[Original: Südwestnekropole, Hypogäum der „Drei Brüder“, Mitte 2. Jh. erbaut, bis 259 belegt]
View of as-Sajur river
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad – sherds
Raqqa IV; Tall Aswad; Pottery garden probl. near excavation house in Tall Bi'a
Weekly market in Maskana, at the end of a sales day
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, the baptistery
Aghabani table cloth with gold and silver threads
Ghuta of Damascus, olive trees in a grove
Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Rechte Seitenwand: oben in den Medaiilons zwei Evangelisten, darunter Apostel. ]
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, view of the courtyard and the western arcade
Aleppo Great Mosque, Courtyard, 2018
Sorting stones especially the minaret rubble
The facade of the church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen, Innenraum)]
The enjoyment of sulfur water in Afqa Spring
[Original: Efqa-Quelle in Palmyra, 2002 od. früher versiegt]
Palmyra, Hadrian’s Arch, , 3rd century A.D., view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street
The triumphal arc was constructed in honour of the Roman emperor Hadrian and linked the colonnaded street to the Temple of Baal. In 2015, ISIS destroyed the arch.
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, western facade from the inside
Al-Muhammadiyya waterwheel (noria)
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower from the outside
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, interior view of az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
View to the east, courtyard of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs
The courtyard of the mosque: to the left is the riwaq (arcade hall), opened to the north, and to the right the northern facade of the courtyard.
In al-Hayat/Balikh valley: procedure of calcination of gypsum is finished and packed into sacks (3rd step): the natural gypsum stone was burned to produce gypsum as building material
(See also 1st and 2nd step of calcination of gypsum)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Das "Windstoß"-Kapitell der Säule rechts der Tür.'].
Twisted column - The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
An alley in Halbun
Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
A view of the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
al-Utrush Mosque, general view of western facade and entrance
Mari (Tall Hariri), a side of the architectural remains
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Jamiʿ Sharaf, the minaret
House with mud decoration as door framing in the village of Qalʿat Najm, that was flooded by the Tishrin dam
The house consists of a double-room inside. View from south east.
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Tür zum Hof
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates River, Dayr az-Zawr
Busra, Hammam Manjak, iwan in the cold section (barrani)
Temporary title for Image 120244
A capital decorated with acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon
[Original: -k.K6/=HQ k.K24]
(Dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
Photos of Qubbat as-Sayyar ['Saiyer'], No. 96[B]
Traditional house in neighborhood "al-Almaji"
Photograph of house's main, southern, fassade during beginning works of refurbishment and after the loss of woodden oriel "Kishk". The image is a panorama composed of several images
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance - decoration details
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - view of dome pendentives
shap_import_60896
The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel
Khan Qurdbak, entrance- stone bench
Palmyra, view from the south, valley of tombs in foreground, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn in background
Khan Qurdbak, portico, section north-south
Size of plan 70 x 35. with ruler (no scale).
Wakil house, interior façade of the upper floor
A carried balcony is open to the courtyard with two adjacent arches, and on the right, there are several windows upstairs.
Bimaristan Arghun, general view of the southern courtyard
Stone coffins in the Southern Palace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Wie Bild 1175, diesmal nach ~ Osten gesehen. Man beachte die "Becken" (Särge ?) zwischen den Orthostaten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Manufacture of local handmade carpets, Qanawat
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/995] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
The Great Colonnade towards the Monumental Arch
View to the south east
An Arabic inscription on the wall of Qal‘at Shayzar
Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - eastern facade
Isometrie of the Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
[Original: Grabungszeichnung. Hier ist die Rampe (vgl. Bild 1190 !) als Rampe gezeichnet, dafür fehlt bei der Treppe in der Bildmitte die Fortsetzung nach oben]
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, lower part of the minaret
The minaret has a square base, octagonal drum, and cylindrical shaft ornamented with zig-zag friezes and blind arches. It dates to late 14th cent. AD (8th H) and was not constructed as part of the original mosque. The minaret was reconstruncted in 1946. (see also: archnet.org) The minaret had suffered severe damage during the conflict in Aleppo (2012-2016) and eventually collapsed.
Entrance and minaret of as-Sibaʿiyya mosque, Damascus
Salah ad-Din Castle, the massive castle wall with a tower on the vertical rocky edge
at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, polygonal tower.
al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, northern facade - marble plaque dated 1315 AH and sealed by the Sultan ʿAbd al-Hamid Khan (Tughra)
Small cistern in the Castle of Harim
Homs, Jamiʿ an-Nuri, the main mihrab
Jamiʿ an-Nuri has a three mihrabs, this is the main one. It has mosaic in its half-dome.
The main palace of the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid, ar-Raqqa
[Original: Palastareal]
ar-Rusafa, Capital on the interior façade of the North Gate,
A self-manufactured fulling machine for the production of felt carpets
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
A warping machine in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
The damage of the western part of the facade and the minaret.
Capital of column, courtyard of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Kapitell. Auch von der Höhe her der ideale Gartentisch ....... ]
Raqqa - finds discovered in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex, clay decorations
A view from the top of Salah ad-Din Castle overlooking the coastal mountains
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Inscription on the eastern arcade
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Restoration works
Kharab Shams, view from south at church ruin, 4th/6th century CE
The columned basilica, which is very high in relation to its length, lacks the outer walls of the side aisles, which probably once fell victim to an earthquake. The rafters of the lower side roof can be seen above the round arches of the arcade.
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard, southern facade - iwan
Mari (Tall Hariri), a side of the architectural remains
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
Suq az-Zarb, view towards west of the suq after the destruction
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Livestock in a byzantine building, Qarqbiza
Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Castle), Inscription
View of the Euphrates River, Raqqa
General view of Krak des Chevaliers in an-Nasara valley area
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche
Aliya Alnuami
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the fountain of the cold section (barrani)
Bayt Wakil, facade of the reception hall
The dome of Maqam Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Der Bogen rechts und das anschließende Grab sind die einzigen Reste der Madrasa 'Azaziya, gegründet von einem Sohn Salâhu d-Dîns, wo dieser 1195, zwei Jahre nach seinem Tode, beigesetzt wurde.- Gesehen nach ~ Nordwesten. ]
General view of ancient house and grave building, al-Bara
West Syria, access to the Salah ad-Din Castle carved through two artificial crevices, 12th c.
Afamiya Theater, remains of Cavea
Qalʿat (castle) al-Qadmus, inscription
Raqqa, Map draft of ar- Rafiqa and its walls
Overlay drawing with remaining street structure and modern city areas. 84-87% > approx. scale 1:10.000
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Blick nach Süden auf Grabtürme: links hinten der des Maliku, rechts der des Jambliqu. ]
Remains of 'Ayn Dara temple built of basalt stones
The dome of the treasury, decorated with mosaics in the courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC
Hinterland of Yabrud in the early sixties: Ploughing with wooden plough, pulled by two horses
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, historic photo of the prayer niche
Mihrab
Salah ad-Din castle, the upper part of the mosque entrance, lobed arch with muqarnas
Amrit, Melqart temple (Eshmoun), central shrine
Aleppo, view at street life in Quwwatli street in 1963
Al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, muqarnas on the dome from the inside
Zwickel an der Kuppel. Irgendwo habe ich gelesen, dass diese kleinen Nischen die erste Stufe der Entwicklung der Muqarnas darstellen und dass darin die künstlerische Bedeutung der Moschee bestehe.- S. Beschreibung Bild 1052 gegen Ende ! [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance
On the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Jabal ʿAruda, a view towards the Euphrates
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - entrance and Qastal
Other names are Mosque of Shields or Mosque of Bab-Antakya,
South wall of the central shrine (cella), Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Gesehen von Süden. Zu sehen die Schmalseite der Cella, dekoriert mit zwei Halbsäulen mit jonischen Kapitellen (vgl. Bild 0615 !) und gerahmt von Pilastern mit Kapitellen (vgl. Bild 0616 !) zwischen der West-Peristase mit dem Monumental-Tor und den Säulen der Ost-Peristase. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the southern iwan of the inner courtyard (juwwani)
Khan al-Wazir, decorations and windows on top of the internal facade of the khan's entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr, Halab / Aleppo.Ausschnitt auf die Fenster der Innenfassade von Bild 1250.'].
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, dome of the prayer hall
View of al-Mudiq castle overlooking the plain of al-Ghab
The southern end of the Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Tower north of Bab Antakiya. The inscription indicates a restoration by the Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh between 820/1417 and 823/1420
A view of traditional houses in Jabʿadin village
Salah ad-Din statue situated in front of the western facade of Damascus citadel
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Detail aus Bild 1284: die rechte Säule des Fensters.'].
Agriculture in the Syrian Jazira
Remains of a building from the extensions of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
A view of the fortification, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
General view of al-Qarmani Bath and garden
An overview of al-Qarmani bath that dates back to the Mamluk period. In addition to the main big dome, the building contains many domes and vaults, interspersed with glass-covered openings that allow light to enter the inner sections of the bath. This bath was recently restored after being neglected for a very long time.
Madrasat al-Firdaws, details of lobed octagonal basin
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden cells inside the prayer hall's iwan
A photo from the beginning of 20th century in Badiyat ash-Sham
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
Exterior view to east
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak, the courtyard
General view of the town of Maʿlula
[ Description by author: Gesehen vom linken Berg - GPS-Tag approximativ - nach ~ Nordosten auf den Ortskern. Unten links die Masjid Ma'lûlâ, oben links das Kloster Mâr Takla und links davon der Eingang zum Fajj Mâr Takla. Hinter dem Ganzen der "rechte" Berg und das Plateau. ]
Damascus Gate, City Wall of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südosten. ]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, one of the flying buttresses supporting the prayer hall dome
10 piastres (silver), 17 mm, 1929 (French Mandate)
shap_import_130398
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr, Halab / Aleppo. Er stammt aus dem Jahre 1682. Hier die Außenfassade. Vgl. Bild 1250 ! Ob sie wirklich auf der Westseite der Anlage ist, ist mir nicht (mehr) ganz klar, aber die Beschreibung im Guide Bleu "Middle East" (Eingang an einem kleinen Platz mit Moschee am Ende) macht es wahrscheinlich.'].
Tomb of Jambliku in the Valley of the Tombs, 83 AD
[ Description by author: Fassade, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. Das Grab stammt aus dem Jahre 83 n. Chr. ]
Luxury summer houses in Bludan
A carpet manufacturer rolls out a finished felt carpet in his workshop in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Damascus, An old wooden door
Storage vessel made of mud-clay slurry in the niche of a transversal arch house
A chamber in the bath of Harim Castle
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, entrance of prayer hall - arch support
Bridge over the Euphrates, ar-Raqqa
[Original: Euphratbrücke]
Ruins of Qalʿat Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
The wooden sarcophagus of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Der ältere (alte ?) Holz-Sarkophag Salâhu d-Dîns. Ich glaube, es ist ebenfalls ein Kenotaph, somit bliebe unklar, wo der Leichnam heute ist. (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the mosque in the center of the khan's courtyard
General view of al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya (the coastal mountains) covered by forests
General view of al-Qadmus Castle on a natural rocky hill
The upper part and keystones of the apse, Basilica of Qalb Lawza
Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), inscription beside the gate from the outside
On the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Hama, General view of al-Madiq castle from the southern side
General view of Baalshamin Temple from the east
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: in der rechten Bildhälfte. Ich habe den GPS-Tag nach der Angabe auf der Karteilkarte "vom Südwest-Hügel" (damit könnte der Hang des Jabal al-Mantâr gemeint sein) gesetzt. Eine andere Möglichkeit wäre: aus der Gegend des Turms des Jambliqu, denn auch dieser Hügel (und ist eher ein "Hügel" !) liegt südwestlich in Bezug auf die Stadt. Die Blickrichtung jedenfalls muss nach Nordwesten oder Westen sein. ]
Al-Marja Square with the Column of Telegraph, Damascus
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima - exterior view of the minaret
Maronite Cathedral, the sanctuary
البارة، معصرة زيتون، القرن 5-6 م
كانت عملية عصر الزيتون المنتج محلياً تتم بواسطة معاصر الزيت. يُظهر المصنع المحفوظ جيداً، أقسام العمل المختلفة.
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, twin crusader castles, stone arch
Khan Qurdbak, iwan with basement of neighbouring qaʿa
Khan Qurdbak. ground floor plan of iwan with basement of Qaa in Bayt Haj Musa al-Amiri. GW 688, originally part of Khan Hajj Mussa al-Amiri, also on plan: iwan of Khan Qurdbak ([26a] / for description: see book Suwayaqt Ali, p. 33. size of plan 42 x 30. Ruler.
A view in Wadi Barada
Interior view, courtyard of Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites - Jabal (mountain) Samʿan
A side from Tartus Cathedral - Tartus Museum
Part of golden and coloured mosaic, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mittelgang, Südwand, Westende.- Die Bilder 0179 - 0192 wurden mit einem High-Speed-Film gemacht, daher die mäßige Qualität ! (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/04/2004] ]
Inside the Hummus shop of Ra’oof al-Tatari
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Entrance corridor in front of the collapsed cupola house
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Traditional house in neighborhood "al-Almaji"
Traditional two-storey house from the late Ottoman period (19th century?): the main stonework façade on the upper floor is symmetrically accentuated by a leap forward wooden oriel, the "Kishk".
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
![[Lanzenreiter] . [The date can be 1913 according to Oppenheim reference: Reisen 1911 – 1939, Bd. 9: Djebel Abd el Aziz 1913]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_47044-1024x697.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
[Lanzenreiter] . [The date can be 1913 according to Oppenheim reference: Reisen 1911 – 1939, Bd. 9: Djebel Abd el Aziz 1913]
Old rural house, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: mit Dekor, irgendwo im Ort (der GPS-Tag soll nur den Ort angeben). ]
Making pickles
A tablet-loom
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, domed prayer hall which houses parts of the 5th century cathedral
Women wearing screen-printed headscarfs (Habari)
Aerial photograph of Barada valley in Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti Lebanon mountains)
On the western shore of Jabbul-Salt Lake, dome houses with ventilation openings of the living room
Interior view of the tomb tower of Elahbel
A side of architectural remains in Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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The way to the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: zum Fels-"Balkon". ]
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, first floor plan
First floor with iwan [22], size of plan 60 x 40 . with ruler (no scale ).
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Remains of the Praetorium from east, Balis (Barbalassos)
A central passage in the Castle of Harim
Burj as-Saʿa, spouts of the Qastal
Bas-relief with geometric and floral motifs
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Temple of ad-Dumayr from the inside
[ Description by author: Gesehen nach ~ Nordwesten. Man blickt auf die innere Schmalwand mit rechts und links den beiden "Kammern" (deren Rückwand die originale äußere ~ Westwand ist) und in der Mitte dem Durchgang, dessen "Rückwand" die islamische Zumauerung bildet. Vgl. Bild 0384 - 0386 ! ]
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, prayer hall (old Midan)
Bridge reaching to Ibn Maʿn Castle
Mausoleum Ahmad Basha, general view of the facade
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1316. Zwei Kuppeln auf achteckigem Tambour, Eingangs-"Iwân". Die Nische rechts neben dem "Iwân" ist möglicherweise ein Brunnen. Gesehen wohl von ~ Nordwesten. ]
Shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya, currently selling candles for the Palm Sunday procession
Roman sarcophagus with decorations, Qanawat
[Original: Rechteckige Grabkammer hinter der östlichen Exedra der Basilika: christlicher Sarkophag]
A woman spinning with a suspended spindle
Aerial photograph of the Bel Temple and old village houses in front of the temple
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
Exterior view to north, palaestra of the South Baths
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance details from the inside
A Jacquard-loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
In the living compartment of the tent, which is embroidered in patchwork technique (the same tent is on photo #2850 and #2853.)
Detail of a decorated wooden panel of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak
Shahba, View to the historic center of the town
Khan al-Jumruk, doorway
View from east to the cella of Bel Temple
Exterior view from east
The northwest corner of the portico, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Die Nordwest-Ecke des Portikus. gesehen von ~ Südosten / Süden. ]
Raqqa - Glass discovered at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Raqqa VI East; Northern Complex; glass bowl, SW-Neg.87/801-802
General view Suq al-Buzuriyya
View from Jabal Husainiyya towards Diocletian's camp and Allat-temple
View from above towards north
A side of Salah ad-Din Castle
Roman grave behind the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
ʿAyn al-ʿArus, Interior of a village mud bricks house, armenian owners
Window niche with a built-in sink made from concrete
The sanctuary (cella) of Bel Temple
[Original: Baal-Heiligtum, Cella, ca. 17 - 32 n.Chr.]
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
[Original: Grabturm in Palmyra]
Making falafel sandwiches
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Shore zone of the Euphrates with tree vegetation of Lake Assad
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Mosaic floor panel in hexagonal shape
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the dome from outside
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Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Raqqa IV; Tall Aswad
Busra, remains of the Byzantine Cathedral
A herd of sheep drinks near the Barada spring
Scaenae Frons, Theatre of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Die Porta Regia mit dem Durchgang zur Säulenstraße, vgl. Bild 0721 ! Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Habuba Kabira, construction of a relieving arch using piled bricks, which are later removed
The courtyard of an-Nuri Mosque
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, one of the church apses
Traditional production of animal glue
Picnic on the Euphrates bank, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
Citadel of Aleppo, minaret of the Great Mosque
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
A side from the ruins of Halabiyya
Tall al-Biʿa - general view
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, a niche on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami in Qasr al-ʿAzm
(Dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
Excavations at Tall Sabi Abyad
Museum of Palmyra / Tadmur, Stone-relief with figural decoration
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, cross surrounded by decorations
Courtyard looking north, Qalʿat Samʿan (Monastery of St Simeon Stylites)
[Original: Oktogon von Süden]
Temporary title for Image 68390
![Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2Fshap_import_44762.webp&h=230&q=90&f=.webp)
Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]
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Fresco on the Northern aisle of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Nördliches Seitenschiff, erster Pfeiler: Engel. ]
A Bedouin woman twisting a hand spun thread spool
The patchwork-cover in the background is separating the living area from the sleeping area
Hammam Bahram Basha, the hot section (juwwani)
Fishing in the Euphrates, Jabal ʿAruda
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Engraving at the left of the portal of northern thalamos, cella of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Cella, Nord-Thalamos, links vom Portal: Ädikula, darüber eine Art Obelisk (oder ein Altar ?). ]
Palmyra Theater, view to proscenium and scaenae frons, 2nd c. AD
Remains of Zengid bridge in ʿAyn Diwar
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Raqqa, Remains of Qasr al-Banat
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., decorative door of reliquary room in southern facade (east)
The relics of Symeon were located in the southern apse side room. This martyrion can be recognized from the outside by the third door in the south wall and by a tiny window next to the door through which the pilgrims could be supplied with holy oil. A direct door into the sanctuary suggests that the Symeon relic was also used during the service. The windows are bordered by a particularly elaborately designed cornice band. The façade also has oblique grooves and square depressions, probably from the base of a sloping roof and its purlins.
Part of Damascus City Wall to the east of the city
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila - courtyard and ablutions basin
View to the pole, Badiyat ash-Sham
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, western facade
A side of archaeological remains in Khirbat as-Sarayij
At-Turn, Double-dome house on the edge of the steppe close to Maskana
The towers of the outer wall of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
[Original: 1. Anlage]
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the upper part of the entrance
Agriculture in the Coastal Mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
[Original: Bewässerte Zitruspflanzung im Vorland d. Ansariyengebirges]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/405] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
Khan al-Jumruk, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Maronite Cathedral, general view from the outside
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the entrance from the interior
Minaret of an-Nuri Mosque
1172 erging der Erlass zum Bau dieser Moschee.- Gesehen von ~ West-Nord-West. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Busra, Roman Theater surrounded by the Islamic Citadel
Al-Bara, pyramid tomb A, 6th c.
An inscription with an decorated frame on the wall of Masyaf Castle
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), the middle part of the room
A view of Aleppo room, whose magnificent woodwork was transferred from Wakil House in Aleppo to be re-installed at the Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin. The drawings for this room are the oldest collection from a Syrian house in the Ottoman era. They represent various subjects, including the formations of Islamic art portrayed by various plant and geometric drawings, Christian themes and images of the Virgin Mary with her child, as well as scenes from the court with the ruler on his throne, and mass hunting trips.
Tent made of jute sacks of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region
A room cladded with ‘Ajami decoration in a Damascene house
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Exterior view of Qalʿat Arwad (citadel)
Cathedral of Busra from the inside
[Original: HQ-k.9 Interior view, Arch]
View of a niche inside the Castle of Harim
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, details of the entrance muqarnas
Machicolations on the wall of Damascus Citadel
Bab al-Maqam, general view
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the southern section of the great hall
Bab al-Maqam, gate's arch
Tall Tamir, Mews of a huge farmstead
Remains of arches belonging to the entrance of Jupiter temple
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, the great iwan dome
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the iwan facade and the courtyard
Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance
Al Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard and prayer hall facade
The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals
Dome under maintenance in the village of Shaykh Hilal
Picture of a worker standing on the stone protrusions projecting from the dome to carry out maintenance and restoration works.
The Great Colonnade
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside
Pre-drawn patterns of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Living space in the tent of semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region
Ghuta of Damascus, an alley in one of the villages
The western entrance of Maʿbad (temple) ad-Dumayr
[ Description by author: ~ Westseite. Sehr schön ist der in islamischer Zeit zugemauerte und mit einer Schießscharte versehene Eingang zu erkennen. Vgl. Bild 0380 ! ]
Hubert Mezannar, son of Antoine Elias Mezannar. In the background is the certificate of a gold medal, the family won in 1936 on Damascus International Fair.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Antoine Mezannar brought mechanical looms from Lyon with electric motors to Damascus and became one of the first consumers of electricity in Damascus.
Aleppo: Khan al-Wazir, 17th C., interior facade
Khan al-Wazir, internal facade of the khan's entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr,Halab / Aleppo. Innenseite des Tores von Bild 1248.'].
Jurn Kabir, a woman offering her dowry (carpets and sacks for storage)
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Ziad Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Remains of Ayyubid arch in the western enclosure
This view of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya shows the dome with two drums
Khan al-Jumruk, detail of exterior facade of the khan's entrance
Agriculture south of the Monastery of Saint Simeon (geological term for a hollow form closed on all sides in karst areas)
[Original: Polje südl. a. Simeonsklosters]
Some of inner parts, Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
A view into the main road of Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Remains of wall foundations, Kharab Sayyar
[Original: SW-Burg]
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
[ 89/45/589] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
The back arch belongs to the Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: in der Säulenstraße beim südöstlichen Abgang der Rundstraße ums Theater. Der hintere Bogen gehört zur Kolonnade, der vordere entspricht der Linie der Häuserfronten. Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. ]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Khan Qurdbak, eastern portico
View from east to the west-north
Remains of the western basilica, Burj Haydar
[Original: Westliche Basilika, Säulenarkaden mit dorischen Kapitellen, 4. Jh.]
View of al-Marqab castle
View over the floodplain of the Euphrates valley to the village on the eastern steep bank
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Stadttor]
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western entrance
The gate is inside a decorated niche.
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, the monastery complex
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - minaret, northern-eastern corner
Khan Qurdbak, southern and eastern porticos
Introducing the blue dye in boiling water to the silk threads. This process is repeated several times until the silk absorbs the blue dye effectively
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Capital; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.1866 from ar-Raqqa
Salah al-Din Castle, castle walls resting on the grown rock
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower with its machicolations and parapets
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami: Preparation of a wooden dome
Az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum in al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
[ Description by author: mit dem Grab des mamlukischen Sultans Baibars, gestorben 1277. Er war ein bedeutender Feldherr und hat den Kreuzrittern den Kraq des Chevaliers (Qal'at al-Husn) entrissen und die Mongolen 1260 besiegt. Rechts die ~ Nordwand mit dem Eingang, links die Westwand. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - vegetable stucco ornaments
A gathering of men in a reception room with wall textile cover
ar-Rusafa, Basilika A, view from west of the bema and the apse
Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, decorations with colorful marble
The damage of the west-southern corner of the mosque.
View of Eastern Palace, ar-Raqqa
al-Bab ash-Sharqi, a small arched side entrance
Suq az-Zarb, view towards east of the suq after the destruction
Wall of the colonnaded enclosure, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Die Propyläen - die arabische Bastion - von der Hofseite, also von ~ Osten. ]
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior and Shrine of the Prophet Zechariah
Palmyra, the cella of Bel Temple
View from south west
Aleppo: Citadel, Palace, 13 C.
Three burial tombs in the rocks, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Ganz "klassiche" Anlage mit Anordnung der drei "Särge" als Triclinium. Die sorgfältige Ausführung spricht für "bessere Leute": für den Abt (die Äbte) oder gar den Gründer des Klosters ? Vgl. Bild 0907 ! ]
Syriac tombs in Jabal ʿAruda
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - courtyard surrounded by arcades
Aerial view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn (castle) from the west
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Basha, south western corner with former sabil
at-Tabqa , a view to the Euphrates from Jaʿbar Castle
ThMap of the irrigation oasis of Damascus in 1969
The irrigation oasis of Damascus - attempt a summary display. Ledend and ruler. [Original: Die Bewässerungsoase von Damaskus - Versuch einer Überblicksdarstellung]
Ghouta of Damascus, collecting of hemp in 1970s
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Several peaks in the Costal mountains (Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
When milking a flock of sheep in the Syrian Jazira
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya)
Entrance gate to the city of Ugarit
[Original: Ausfalltor in Ugarit]
Capital and remains of the Byzantine cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Es soll bei der Kathedrale fünf Kapitell-Typen geben, hier einer davon, auf Bild 0086 ein anderer. Ich vermute, dass das Kapitell nicht wiederverwendet römisch, sondern original byzantinisch ist. Ist der Stein im Hintergrund Teil einer Türschwelle (Tür zum Betrachter hin öffnend) ? ]
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Excavation of mosaic floor, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of central dome
View from the minaret to the lead-covered dome, which was placed on a short cylindrical wall (tambour). The eight short buttresses at the corners of the roof above the prayer room, which are supposed to compensate for the transverse forces of the dome, are clearly visible.
Rural life in Qalamun mountains (Antilibanon): peasants returning home from grape harvest
Bridge over deep ditch reaching the Castle of Ibn Maʿn
A boy in a metal workshop in Raqqa
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat Shugr wa Bekas from the inside.
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Wie Bild 0581, leicht geänderter Blick: Altar, Säule, "Treppe", Altar. ]
Excavation work inside ad-Daydariyya cave
Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway
[Original: Zitadelle, v.a. vom Ayyubiden-Sultan Zahir Ghazi (reg. 1193 - 1215) umgestaltet. Haupttor mit achtbogiger Brücke]
Remains of the Great Colonnade
Great Mosque, damage mapping
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
View from the north to the middle overbuilt part of the suq (bazaar) of Khan al-Harir (right)
The nature in spring, Raʾs al-ʿAyn
View of the Orontes valley at low water
The western entrance of Maʿbad (temple) ad-Dumayr
Madrasat al-Firdaws, courtyard and arcades
View to the Qalamun Mountains from Halbun
A view of Qalʿat Shayzar along the Orontes river
View at Qalʿat Shayzar
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan
Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation
Raqqa II; capitals (found near city wall or in debris?)
View from the highest part of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Blick vom höchsten Teil der Burg genau nach Süden. Ganz links im "Fenster" das Hotel Cham Palace, rechts daneben der Turm des Maliku, der am weitesten rechts in dieser Reihe ist der des Jambliqu. ]
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - view of dome pendentives
A concrete irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
As cement became as an easy-to-use building material, farmers began building irrigation channels using that material. The concrete canal in the picture seems to be missing the aesthetic element, unlike the old canals that were corresponding to the surrounding environment.
Palmyra, Grave in Diocletian's Camp
[ Description by author: Inneres des Grabes von Bild 0759. ]
Khan al-Wazir, view of the arcade in the first floor
General view from the north, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Morgendlicher Fernblick auf die ~ Nordseite. Woher ? Nach der Google-Karte erscheint das Tetrapylon-Hotel als Standort am wahrscheinlichsten: das kenne ich aber von meinen Aufenthalten nicht. In der selben Gegend befinden sich aber das Tower Hotel und auch das Middle East Hotel: in beiden war ich. Vielleicht wurde auch eines der beiden umbenannt ? ['[Tetrapylon Hotel],'] ]
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
Punch cards for jacquard looms with woven sample for silk fabric in the Mezannar textile factory in Damascus
al-Lajat region, Roman road
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; National Museum Damascus, from ar-Raqqa
In the sleeping compartment of the tent of a semi-nomadic family from Maskana-region
Raqqa, Aerial photo of Hiraqla vicotry monument
Maronite Cathedral, the altar
Remains of the western entrance to the Temple of Jupiter, behind it the minaret of Qaytbay
Sirjilla, two-storeyed andron
[Original: Andron mit doppelgeschossiger Vorhalle, von Konsolenkapitellen getragen, 6. Jh.]
Khan Dannun, arcade
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, geometric decorations in the niche, built with bricks
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, prayer hall - Minbar
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, minaret above the main entrance
Aghabani table cloth
One of the towers of Shayzar Castle
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, general view of the entrance gate and the minaret room
Main entrance of Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
The northern arcade of the inner courtyard (juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
ar-Rusafa, general view of Basilica B, cisterns and city wall
Muzayrib - Ruins of an historical bridge
Raqqa, A side of Qasr al-Banat
The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
Colossal basalt lion, ʿAyn Dara Temple
Access to the Castle's interior, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Der typische abgeknickte Zugang ins Innere der Burg. ['Qal'a, 25/03/2002 (?)'] ]
View towards Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Citadel)
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, an original Mamluk column with its capital
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (English)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Halabiyya, remains of fortifications and the praetorium
Turbat az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall of the mausoleum
al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya [ Description by author: Ecke zwischen ~ West- und Nord-Wand. ]
General view of Baalshamin Temple, 2nd century AD
[ Description by author: und nördlicher Säulenhof, gesehen von ~ Ost-Nord-Ost. Die Anlage umfasste auch einen südlichen Säulenhof und erstreckte sich im Nordosten bis unter das heutige Hotel Zenobia. Der Tempel datiert aus der Mitte des 2. Jhs. n. Chr. ]
Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription.
General view of Damascus citadel from northwest
The two rectangular towers that protected the citadel from the west appear clearly in the picture. Hidden behind the bushes, is the statue of Salah al-Din riding his horse.
Salt flats for salt production west of Jabal Jabisa (Jabisa mountain)
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Minaret of the great mosque, (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
und Bauten aus Spolien im Innenhof. [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
Qalʿat Salah ad-Din located in the coastal mountain forests
Afamiya, Ruined building
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Qastal facade
Qal‘at Shayzar (Citadel), the upper part of the entarnce.
Preparation of the design of a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Bayt Wakil, the iwan's canopy
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the courtyard and the colonnaded portico
Volcanic stones and behind it the Khubra lake, Jabal Says
Afamiya Theater, remains of Cavea
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Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, caves
Making pickles
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan -faience tiles
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, general view of the minaret
Yabrud: residential houses with central hall disposition and three-arcade-motif
Street view with Mittelhallenhaus. This building along the street shows a local variation (of the Qalamun Mountains) of the house form known from Lebanon since the middle of the 19th century: shaded entrance hall with an entrance arcade of three arches on round columns on the ground floor, above it on the upper floor the repetition as open seating area with balcony in front. A symmetrical stone façade made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. These houses will probably be built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Motifs in Saz style, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Khan al-Jumruk, internal facade of the Khan's entrance
A shepherd-boy with his herd, on the edge of al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Junge mit Schafe am Rand des Ghab]
Al-Asad artificial lake, view to the Tabqa dam
Damascus, Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, 1st CE. AD
The west gate of the Jupiter Temple lies in the middle of the historic old town. Today it marks the transition between the bazaar area and the Umayyad Mosque.
Khusrawiyya,detail of the ornamental paneling of the Mosque in 2008
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade - al-Midan
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of a tower
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, courtyard and the southern portico
Bab Antakiya, inscription above the city gate
Remains of the main entrance of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Süd-Süd-Ost. Im Tor sieht man hinten die Säulen der Diokletians-Thermen, hinter der rechten Türrahmung den Altar und dahinter die Treppe zum Podium des Tempels. Der Altar hat die Form eines Naiskos (vgl. Bild 0680 !), wie z.B. in Qal'at Faqra im Libanon. ]
View to Jabal ʿAruda on the right bank of the Euphrates
Interior view of Qadmus Castle
Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu
Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu in the modern village Tall Shaykh Hamad. Taken on: Exhibition stand "Umwelt und Technik vor 3500 Jahren" on Hannover Messe 1983
A two-story building in a village in Ghuta
It is hard to tell the exact date of this building, but it is clear from its architectural style that it dates back to the beginning of the second half of the 20th century.
Dome of the mausoleum (turba) and madrasa of Amat al-Latif daughter of the an-Nasih al-Hanbali
[Original: ( mm 84 )]
The historical sulfur Afqa Spring
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten bei der Ankunft in Palmyra. Diese Quelle war die wichtigste des Ortes und bewässerte bis in die 1990er - seither ist sie versiegt - die Oase mit dem Palmenhain. Die Palmyrener legten an ihr unterirdische Bankettsäle an (Eingänge sichtbar auf den folgenden Bildern !) und stellten viel Altäre und Ex-Votos für die Gottheit der Quelle auf (ibidem). Das Wasser war leicht schwefelig. ]
An old man from Al-Bab demonstrates how felt carpets were traditionally manufactured by using one´s own foot
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
View from afar to the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)
[ Description by author: Exedra des 1. Abschnitts der Säulenstraße, Monumentalbogen und 2. Abschnitt, Burg, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Die sehr hohen Säulen der Exedra sind aus - vermutlich ägyptischem - Granit, nicht aus dem lokalen Kalkstein. Der Abstand der beiden Mittelsäulen ist etwas größer als der zwischen Mittel- und Außensäulen.- Im Plan in G. Degeorge "Palmyra" steht an etwa dieser Stelle "Nymphäum" - ? ]
A herd of sheep is drinking from a pool of water in al-Hawl area near Iraqian border
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (Arabic)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Engraving on copper in Suq Midhat Basha
Euphrates dam and Assad Lake in at-Tabqa
Madrasat al-Firdaws, general view to north - courtyard, eastern arcade and iwan
Model of the original setting of the reception room of Beit Wakil (Aleppo Room in the Museum for Islamic Art, State Museums Berlin)
Destruction of the northern part of the western entrance. The space is 23 according to the ground plan.
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - inscription documenting the date of building accomplishment
al-Lajat region, ancient cistern for storing water
Khan al-Jumruk, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Entrance gate to the city of Ugarit
Street side of the homestead: a terrace in front of a house of Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the iwan facade
Khan Ujkhan، main entrance
al-Burayj, a side of Saint Daniel Monastery
Habuba Kabira, construction of a dome house (foreground: room, that will have a flat roof)
Bayt Ghazala, main entrance gate
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, entrance to the prayer hall
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of the western facade and the entrance
Exterior view of Hammam al-Qaramani, dome of frigidarium (barrani)
[ Description by author: Süd- oder West-Seite. Vgl. Bild 0139 ! ]
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Palmyra, Baal Temple - Temenos wall with propylaeum and view towards the oasis
al-Burayj, a side of Saint Daniel Monastery
Raqqa, a side of Qasr al-Banat
Jurn Kabir: in 1998 brooms were still made by hand in some villages
at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls
View from the palm groves to the south-eastern corner of Bel Temple
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco in ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.
Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman, domed structure (mashhad) and minaret of the Great Mosque
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Workshop of Abdelraouf and Ziad Baydoun in Malaysia
Fresco from Dura Europos, 3rd c. National Museum, Damascus
Dayr Zakka (monastery), detail of a mosaic, showing the palm
Raq19930001.tif
Interior view of the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Blick durch die Flucht der Räume. ]
Valley of the Tombs, Tomb of Jambliku - facade decoration
[ Description by author: Linke Seite des Fassadendekors: der bärtige Kopf als Träger der unteren und die Nike (Sirene / Harpye) als Träger der oberen Konsole. Gesehen von ~ Osten. ]
Tall Bdiri, Farmsteads, that have no enclosure walls
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Der Süd(?)flügel mit dem großen Iwân, gesehen von ~ Norden, wohl aus dem Iwân des Nordflügels. Das Gebäude stammt aus der 2. Hälfte des 16. Jhs.. Vgl. Bild 1302 - 1306 !].
Al-Bab, the upper part of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir (the Great Mosque) minaret
The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel
Apse of basilica, al-Bara
Rumi motifs forming the border of the frame, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
View of a village on the slopes of mountainous hill, al-Furat al-Aʿla (Upper Euphrates Valley)
Raqqa -Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
The historical centre of Maʿlula with St. Lawandius Church and hillside houses facing the valley
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, western facade
Krak des Chevaliers, Gothic vaults in the loggia
Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya
Drawings at the entrance Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
[Original: Malerei im Tor]
Aleppo, Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (English)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
Great Mosque, courtyard and prayer hall facade
The Phot shows the courtyard and the southern side of the prayer hall facade, west of the porch.
General view of the fertile Zabadani plains
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, collapsed roof of prayer hall, eastern part
Hof mit Dikke [Original: Dscham'a el Utrusch]
Natural landscape of the Tigris valley
Traditional houses of the town of Darkush, located on the Orontes river
New buildings still empty for agricultural purposes in the Ghab-plain
Damascus, copper workshop in the Straight Street, where "damascening", an old Inlay-technique is still practised
A warping machine in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Bab al-Maqam, part of the old city's wall
Waterfalls of Tal Shihab (during summer time)
View of towards the city and the monastery of Saydnaya
Bimaristan Arghun, passageway
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the khan with the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Vaulted room in the Citadel of Damascus
A traditionally crafted tapestry cover (Kilim)
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari- main door from the inside
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, inscription band above the window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Neg. Nr. 83/5-31A/32
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, entrance
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa"- Eastern Palace, stucco
Raqqa II; Eastern Eastpalace; relief decoration, bunch of grapes
General view of the remains of ʿAyn Dara Temple
shap_import_73075
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, capital
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
85-AS-loc. 03. [ 87/ 65/ 1938] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos ['87/65']
Church of the monk Buhayra, Busra
[Original: Bahira-Basilika, paganer Profanbau des 3. Jhs. n.Chr., der später christianisiert wurde -Außenansicht]
50 pounds, 25 mm, 2018 (wartime)
50 Pfund, 25 mm, 2018 (Kriegszeit)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, courtyard and eastern riwaq (portico)
Historical photograph with a view from Courtyard/ Sahn towards southeast, showing some rubble from collapsed parts of prayer hall [Original: Dscham'a el Utrusch]
Rastan, Urban agglomorations on ridges
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Wakil house, courtyard with water basin
Raqqa, Exterior view of the Raqqa Museum
The Dome of the Clock, courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque
[Original: Omayyaden-Moschee (705 - 725), Pavillon mit byzant. Kapitellen, im 18./19. Jh. zum „Glockenbaldachin“ zusammengesetzt]
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Stadttor]
Raqqa, Tall az-Zujaj, Block of a semi-vitrified material
Raqqa X; Glass-Tall
A side of the courtyard arches, an-Nuri Mosque
Antike Säule im Innenhof. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Decoration on the entrance arch
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Application of the relief paste of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Abdelraouf Baydoun in his workshop on Malaysia
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/395] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
Habuba Kabira, back side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., decorative door of reliquary room in southern facade (east)
The relics of Symeon were located in the southern apse side room. This martyrion can be recognized from the outside by the third door in the south wall and by a tiny window next to the door through which the pilgrims could be supplied with holy oil. A direct door into the sanctuary suggests that the Symeon relic was also used during the service. The windows are bordered by a particularly elaborately designed cornice band. The façade also has oblique grooves and square depressions, probably from the base of a sloping roof and its purlins.
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, muqarnas decorating a niche on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
Khan Qurdbak, courtyard and eastern portico
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Lateral iwan in the Dada House
Seitenliwan
Preparation of mud for construction in one of Raqqa villages
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard - southern facade
Habuba Kabira, preparation of the clay mass for the production of clay bricks
A niche in an exterior wall of Harim Castle
Raqqa - Jar discovered at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Ra-O-NK. 146, Ceramic. [original: 'Keramik']. [original:' s. unten Nr. 18'].[ 89/54/863] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
Maintenance work in the course of the Barada River, Damascus
Euphrates valley south of Qalʿat Najm as it looked before the flooding of lake Tishrin
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view of the facade and the entrance
Remains of ar-Raqqa Wall built of mud brick
A side of Ibn Maʿn Castle
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
View at an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias on the Orontes River, Hama
Gesehen nach ~ Südwesten vom Dach des "Afamia Cham Palace", rechts etwa anschließend an Bild 0978. Vor der Moschee zwei Nawâ'îr, eine weitere links unten. . ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, prayer hall (old Midan)
Hama, Waterwheels of Kilaniyya, al-Tawafira and al-Jaʿbariyya
Palmyra, Palm grove, view at Bel Temple
Masbanat al-Jubayli, the soap bars are stacked decoratively on top of each other for drying
A view from the archaeological Tall Abyad towards the Balikh plain
A view towards the Euphrates, Jabal ʿAruda
Minaret of al-Aqsab Mosque, Damascus
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, portal gate
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior
The hall has a rectangular ground plan. Based on a square middle room, it is divided by 12 pillars, all spanned by pointed arches, into 20 compartments of two different forms: two narrow oblong ones each on three sides of the central area (see picture 5) and two smaller square ones each in the adjacent corner areas. Between the pillar pairs that frame an oblong compartment stands a column each with octagonal shaft and multifaceted capital, which is formed by small geometric cells (muqarnas). Towards the side of the windowed entrance wall, the hall is only one bay deep. The courtyard side with its second row of pillars functioned as a kind of entrance portico, being once opened by four high pointed arches within the outside wall. The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola. The other parts are covered with elongated, flattened vaults and small domes according the respective compartment form
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
Lintel of the main entrance of the Church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Tympanon der südlichen Tür]
Afamiya, Northern Roman baths
The inner façade of Baghdad Gate, Raqqa
An entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
The entrance contains inscriptions on three bays.
A grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
The general structure of the example dome house in Taanayel (Libanon) before the end of the construction process
The mud bricks composing the walls and the two domes of the house, which are still under construction, are shown. We also see the stone foundations below, and the flat stone blocks integrated in the mud bricks in the domes, that serve for plastering work.
Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche
Temple of Bel, ceiling decorations
[ Description by author: des Peristyls oder des Naos. Die alte Karteikarte sagt Naos, ich denke jetzt aber eher Peristyl: am "Bacchus"-Tempel in Ba'labak gibt es ganz ähnliche Peristyl-Platten.- Es gibt hier zwei Typen von Rosetten: eine "normale" und eine "rotierende". Letztere lässt an die "windzerzausten" Kapitelle ind Qal'at Sem'ân und in Halab denken. ]
Jurn Kabir, construction of a room from quarry stones with clay mortar
Suq Istanbul al-Jadid, view to north of the destroyed market
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, muqarnas decorating the upper part of the entrance
A street scene in one of the suqs of Dayr az-Zawr
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the inside
[ Description by author: Blick zurück aus dem 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße nach ~ Südosten. Im Hintergrund der Bel-Tempel. ]
The wheel hub of a water scoop wheel (arab. noria)
The stage of Roman Theatre and the Ayyubid Citadel, Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance after the war destruction
Mediterranean Sea in Tartus
Small river in Baniyas
A woman with her children and a spindle in her left hand
In the background lies a self-woven rug
Part of colored and golden mosaic on the courtyard facade, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Von Norden: Mosaiken am großen Bogen, linker Teil. ]
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the ruin of the twin crusader castle
The barrani (frigidarium) section of Hammam Manjak, Busra
Domed room of the reception wing, view from east
A niche with ogee arch, Harim Castle
Vineyard in the Ghuta of Damascus
The farmers in the Ghuta used some techniques and agricultural processes including grafting. The vine was grafted with white, black and red grapes.
Palmyra, a photo of some tower tombs
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Afamiya, Northern Roman baths
A photo of the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Blick ü.d. Hof auf den Liwan
Jabal ʿAruda southern foothills
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, prayer hall (qibliyya), window above the prayer niche
Drought in the Barada River, Old Damascus
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
The peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
A view shows monasteries and residential buildings, Saydnaya
A general view of the remains of Shayzar Castle located on a rocky cliff
Suq az-Zarb, view towards west of the suq after the destruction
Maps of Aleppo: "Historical succession of buildings", 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Historical succession in current building stock. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend. [Original in German: Historische Abfolge des Baubestands] Legend: Pre-Mamluk, Early-Mamluk, Late-Mamluk, Early-Ottoman, Late-Ottoman, Post-Ottoman until 1918
The Great Colonnade: southeastern passage
[ Description by author: zur Rundstraße um das Theater im 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße, gesehen von ~ Norden. Der vordere Bogen ist der linke (> Tetrapylon) der Kolonnade, der hintere enspricht der Linie der Häuserfronten.. ]
Archaeological excavation in Kharab Sayyar
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; National Museum Damascus, from ar-Raqqa
A general view of the Krak de Chevaliers at the sunset
The church of St Peter?, Saydnaya
[ Description by author: oder kleiner Tempel, Genaueres war nicht zu finden. Heute eine Kirche, Mar Butrus. Das Gebäude befindet sich in "100 yards" Entfernung vom Marienkloster, ich habe aber auf den Google-Karten nichts entdeckt und darum keinen GPS-Tag gesetzt. Eventuell steht es links an dem Kreisel südöstlich des Klosters, d.h. in der Nähe des Standortes von Bild 0419.- Zum Eingang links vgl. Bild 0422 ! ]
The Theater of Palmyra, upper part of the gateway
[ Description by author: Rückseite des Tores Bild 0721. Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-West. ]
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the upper part of the minaret
Courtyard of a rural house in the Ghouta of Damascus
Side facade of a byzantine church, al-Bara
Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the east gate of the temenos
Stage of the Roman Theater and the adjacent wall of the Islamic Citadel, Busra
Propylon of Diocletian Baths
[ Description by author: der Anlage. Seine Säulen aus rosa Asuan-Granit überragen das Niveau der Kolonnade (s. rechte Halbsäule / Pfeiler !) und stehen in die Straße vor (hier rechts unten und Bild 0688 !). Den Randsäulen des Propylon entsprechen in der Kolonnade zwei ebenso hohe Pilaster, die wiederum mit je einem Bogen - nur noch die Ansätze erhalten - mit dem restlichen Gebäude verbunden sind. Die Thermen stammen bereits aus severischer Zeit (ca. 200 n. Chr.) und wurden ca. 300 n. Chr. erneuert. Gesehen von ~ Südosten aus dem 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße. ]
Kitbugha mausoleum on the foot of Qasyun mountain
Krak des Chevaliers, the loggia
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance
shap_import_64338
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret
View of al-Marqab castle overlooking the Mediterranean Sea
Baalshamin temple from the inside, 2nd c. AD
The small temple was consecrated to the Canaanite god of heaven. In 2015 it was blown up by ISIS.
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, northern entrance
Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Zumindest Rückwand des Raumes rechts der Apsis: Fresko eines Heiligen, Ich wäre geneigt, die Buchstaben als "Abraham" zu lesen - aber wird der so recht jugendlich mit Heiligenschein dargestellt ? ]
Busra Citadel - The ditch of the citadel and the bridge leading to the entrance
A side of Ibn Maʿn Castle
Cushions with a self-woven cover
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
View from Harim Castle towards the nearby plains
Suq az-Zarb, view of the former (destroyed) entrance arch to the west
Manbij, Bakery of flat bread with oven
View of a group of monumental buildings in Palmyra, Theater, Agora
[ Description by author: Hinten Mitte das Theater und die Rundstraße um die Cavea. Davor links die Agora mit ganz links dem Bankettsaal. Rechts der Agora der Annex. Blick nach ~ Nordosten. ]
Vaulted hall in the old city of Tartus
A woman presenting her spindle
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Informal (unplanned) settlements spread in the Ghouta, 1980s
Since the second half of the 20th century, more and more modern cement buildings have displaced the gardens and fields of the Ghuta - their orchards had to give way to urban expansion.
A Sheikh with his family in traditional clothes. The man is wearing a black Abbaya
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
‘Ajami decoration in Bayt Nabulusi in Damascus
shap_import_97590
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, facade and entrance of the prayer hall
One of the inner parts of the Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra
The village al-ʿAmarna, with the tall (left) and the Euphrates plain in the back
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, inscription above the hall entrance
[original: B63 Film-VI]
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila, inscription
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
shap_import_63540
General view of the Mediterranean coast near Baniyas
ar-Rusafa, Bedouin women cook sheep meat on open fireplaces on the occasion of the desert festival
The shrine of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Islamic inscriptions
Remains of a water canal in the village of Shaykh Hilal
The village inhabitants believe this type of water canals to be Roman, although the oldest of them dates back to the Byzantine era.
Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Fresken der Kalotte. Sie sollen aus dem 12. Jh. stammen. In der Mitte ein thronender Christus, flankiert links von Maria und Maria Magdalena, rechts von Johannes dem Täufer und dem Evangelisten Johannes . Darunter rechts und links in den Medaillons die vier Evangelisten. ]
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
General view of the houses of the village of Shaykh Hilal
The domed houses are of near proximity to each other and interspersed with shrubs that are often planted in the houses’ courtyards.
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
Jabal al-ʿArab, Photo of Bedouins in the 1930s
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view from the courtyard to entrance and minaret
Habuba Kabira, Milking a goat in the courtyard: Grandmother and granddaughters
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - the exterior facade and the entrance
Al-Madrasa ar-Rukniyya al-Barraniyya - view from the south
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, vaulted arcade
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, stone arch
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Tall Aswad near Raqqa, view to an outbuilding of a farmstead
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs
Remains of the Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Auch dieses Halbsäulen scheinen mir ursprünglich römisch zu sein: Dekor der inneren (äußeren ?) Cella-Wand. Vgl. Bild 0084 ! ]
View from a far to the basilica in Kharab Shams
[Original: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem]
Sculpture on sacrophagus
[ Description by author: Bei Bild 0873 - 0877 handelt es sich um den selben Sarkophag, vielleicht gehört auch Bild 0872 dazu.- Diese Sarkophage bestehen aus zwei Teilen: dem Kasten, der in der Form einer Kline mit Polster gearbeitet ist, und dem Deckel, der den liegenden Toten darstellt. Bei der Kline sind bis in feinste Details Holzschnitzereien nachgeahmt, bei dem Polster und insbesondere bei den Gewändern die feinsten bestickten Stoffe. Unter der Kline sind Szenen dargestellt, hier wohl Diener, die für ein (Toten)Mahl oder (Toten)Opfer rüsten. Auch die Szene von Bild 0872 "spielt" unter einer Kline: aus dem Alltag des Toten, wohl eines Handelherrn. ]
Remains of the city wall of Halabiyya fortress on the bank of the Euphrates
Habuba Kabira, Interior of the last existing deepened house (debabe), which was later used only as storage space
Qanawat, Theatron and Orchestra
A view of the main facade, the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
Shahba, Exterior view of the Roman Theatre/ Philippopolis
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Tomb of Az-Zahir Ghazi and his family.
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance
General view to the lower parts of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Exterior view of ʿArbin watermill in Rif Dimashq
General view of the complex constisting of a church and a palace of Qasr Ibn Wardan
[Original: sakraler Zentralbau und Palast, Palast, 564]
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
View from Masyaf Castle towards the city
An irrigation canal on the edge of an orchard in the Ghouta of Damascus
Great Mosque, people in the courtyard
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction
Bimaristan Arghun, muqarnas vault behind entrance portal
One of the entrances in Qalʿat Salah ad-Din (castle)
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Yabrud: residential houses with central hall floor plans
Street view with central hall house. This building along the street shows a local variation (of the Qalamun Mountains) of the house form known from Lebanon since the middle of the 19th century: shaded entrance hall with an entrance arcade of three arches on round columns on the ground floor, above it on the upper floor the repetition as open seating area with balcony in front. A symmetrical stone façade made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. These houses were probably built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window
The upper part of the middle window of the exterior western facade.
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of faience tiles
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Dekor in der Wand oberhalb der Tür von Bild 1303.].
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the inner entrance
Hama, general view of the "Four Norias", the two Bischriyyat and two Uthmaniyyat
View from southwest the Orontes/ al-ʿAsi up to the four water wheels. On the right side the terrace of an restaurant
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, general view from outside
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
In the tent of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region, with storage bags in the background.
Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Inscription in al-Kahf Castle
Appliqué for the decoration of textiles
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Harvest of cotton in ar-Ruj plain
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope
The house consists of three wings with an Iwan in the middle (now reduced to a door) and is generally oriented to the valley in the south. The house opens to a large terrace with an Iwan in the middle and is accesible from the street on the western narrow side - not visible on the photo.
Ugarit, Entrance gate to the city
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Busra - Hammam Manjak - bathing niches in the hot section (Juwwani)
Aghabani table cloth
Jurn Kabir, Girls from Habuba Kabira are preparing the lime milk from local chalk
South-west Syria: Qalamun Mountains, the village of Maʿlula with its light blue or white house paintings
The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here secondary spaces 09-13 are seen.
On the Genocide Memorial Day: at a stop on the pilgrimage, Armenian priests throw wreaths into the Euphrates to commemorate the victims of the genocide of 1915-17 who died in this very river
An agricultural field and poplar trees in Yabrud
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Ghuta of Damascus, aerial photograph of some orchards
Farmers in the Ghouta of Damascus have adopted a dense and mixed farming pattern of diverse vegetables, fruits, trees and aromatic plants. The residences are placed in the orchards.
General view of the city of Harim, Muhafazat Idlib
A fountain rich in geometric decorations in the northern arcade of the courtyard, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
An artificial irrigation canal, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Blick von der Abrutsch-Kante nach ~ Osten in die Euphrat-Auen.
Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas
Turbat az-Zahir Baybars, mosaic details covering the southern wall of the mausoleum
[ Description by author: Rechter Teil der ~ Westwand. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
Afamiya, a side of ruins
One of the towers of Damascus Citadel
View of a tower of the eastern façade of Damascus Citadel. The tower looks rectangular, topped by a set of machicolations.
Southwest side of the Byzantine Basilica, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: der byzantinischen Basilika. Sie dienten zur Erweiterung der Terrasse des römischen Tempels nach Südwesten. Hier zu sehen die Südwest-Seite. Sie ist eingestürzt, so dass man die gegenüberliegende Wand der ersten Halle mit den Ansätzen der Gewölbe-Gurte sieht. Gesehen von ~ Südwesten.- Für alle Burqush-Bilder gilt: die GPS-Tags sind nur approximativ, aber sicher sehr nahe am Punkt. ]
Dome from the outside, Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil
Afamiya, remains of colossal columns
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Busra - Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
The inner western facade of ad-Dumayr Temple
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0390: der Durchgang und die beiden "Kammern". ]
View to the village al-Awshariyya on the northern shore of the Sajur near the junction with the Euphrates river
In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure for calcination of gypsum (1st step), fuel is placed on a natural gypsum layer
(See also 2nd and 3rd step of calcination of gypsum)
Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall and the Qaytbay minaret
A passageway in Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, finds
Eastern West Palace; Arch above Frieze J-i, s.SW-Neg.85/267
View to the south-east of ʿAyn al-ʿArus lake
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; Palace D, ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: ensemble of parts, general ground floor plan
Ensemble of conserved parts of palais, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
Decorated wooden panels of the Aleppo Room, Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (1601-1603).
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration
Bas-relief on an arch in the church of Qalb Lawza
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami in his workshop in Malaysia
The Great Colonnade
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Izraʿ - Kanisat (chrurch) Mar Jirjis - plan
St. Georg
Bayt Wakil, reception hall - western wing
Krak des chevaliers (Qalʿat al-Husn), Gothic vaults
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
[ 87/ 58/ 1754] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
A view of the Mediterranean coast, in the back is the industrial sector, Baniyas
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Narthex of south basilica (south façade of church)
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, general view from northeast
Roman mosaic, National Museum of Damascus
[ Description by author: Die Bilder 0113 - 0116 sind eine durchgängige Folge links > rechts aus einem römischen Mosaik. Leider habe ich damals versäumt zu notieren, aus welcher Gegend Syriens es stammt. Hier: ein Bär attakiert Equiden. ]
During a sandstorm this photo was taken from the museum to the backside of the suq in Dayr az-Zawr
View during sandstorm, photo taken from the museum to the backside of the suq
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer niche
Bayt Ghazala, eastern facade - red hall (qaʿa)
Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam
View of Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph) and the Great Colonnade
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing
[Original: Moschee um Bab Antakiya}, on the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade
Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen - the dome from the inside
A carpet manufacturer from Al-Bab rolls out a finished felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Ruins of the wall of Qalʿat Shumaymis (castle)
Remains of ancient buildings in Shahba, partly inhabited
Bayt Junblat, western facade of the women hall (Haramlik)
Remains of Resheph Temple, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
So nach dem unteren Bild der Schautafel. Hier nach ~ Südosten / Süd-Süd-Ost gesehen. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Google earth- al-Husn Church 2017
The Mount Hermon covered by snow
[Original:'Hermon-Gipfel, mit Schnee bedeckt, rechts im Hintergrund der Antilibanon']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Preparation of mud for construction in one of Raqqa villages
Restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Hama, general view of the "Four Norias", the two Bischriyyat and two Uthmaniyyat
Blick von Südosten auf die vier Wasserräder. . ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
A side of al-Mudiq castle in Hama shows some of its towers
Chickpeas
Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Yabrud: A stone facade of a historic building
Maronite Cathedral, one of the cathedral pointed towers
Burj al-Ghanam, tower's southern facade with its machicolation
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Ad-Dumayr, view of the temple from the inside
[ Description by author: Blick von der Höhe der inneren ~ Ostwand nach ~ Westen. Unten die beiden "Kammern" und die Hofseite des Durchgangs, oben interessant die Verbindung des Giebels mit den beiden Ecktürmen. Vgl. Bild 0391 ! ]
Jabal ʿAruda, Maqam (shrine) ash-Shaykh 'Aruda
The inner harbor, Jabla
Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the suq to the west
Palmyra, View of the remains of Diocletian's Camp
[ Description by author: Blick vom Hang des Jabal al-Husainiya oberhalb des Fahnenheiligtums nach ~ Südosten. Ganz unten das Fahnenheiligtum, davor der Platz des Präteriums, davor ein Vestibül mit vier (nur eine steht) monolithischen Säulen, dann nach hinten die Via Praetoria, die hinter den Säulen in der Mitte von der Via Principalis geschnitten wird. Daran, links davon, der Allât-Tempel. Außerdem erkennt man ganz hinten gleich rechts der Mitte den Tetrapylon, weiter rechts den Bel-Tempel. ]
Palmyra, exterior view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn (castle)
View of western facade of the Cathedral, today Tartus Museum
[Original: Kathedrale Nôtre-Dame, 1123 beg., von Saladin 1188 weitgehend zerstört, Ende 12. Jahrhundert Neubau, Westfassade]
Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
Bab Antakiya, main gate
at-Takiyya ar-Rifaʿiyya (az-Zawiyaal-Ikhlasiyya ), inscription above the main entrance
Inscription_Separaiting Sheet. 82/II
A shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya, Old City of Damascus
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Warp threads of silk in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Horse harness manufacturer in the town of ar-Raqqa
A group of semi-nomads sitting on a felt rug (left and in the rear) and on a woven rag rug (right side)
Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of the Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Damascus citadel from the inside, round 1930
An old picture of Damascus Citadel from the inside showing two defensive towers protecting the southern side, where Suq al-Hamidiyya is situated. Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. (photographer unkown)
Nahiyat at-Tabqa, Euphrates Dam
Fixation of a horizontal loom in the ground
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq, after the destruction, near the Sabil Suq az-Zarb, view towards west
Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the western Iwan
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace, pottery
Eastern East Palace, SW.Neg. 84/500-501
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of the western facade and the entrance
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Interior view to the west showing the courtyard and the entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
[ Description by author: Innenseite, gesehen über den Innenhof nach ~ Westen. ]
An aerial photograph of the village of Shaykh Hilal
The picture shows the distribution of buildings according to a rectilinear plan, and it is possible to identify many of the domed houses and houses with flat roofs that contain gardens.
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall entrance
Stairs lead to the Ishtar Temple D? Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Im Vordergrund die Treppe von Bild 1185 hinten. Nach dem Gesamtplan Bild 1162 müsste sie zum Roten Tempel / Ishtar-Tempel D führen. Gesehen nach ~ Nordosten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - one of the lateral windows
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
Busra, a view into the Roman theater (3rd c), which was in Islamic times converted into a fortress
Part of the mihrab decorations, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mihrâb: Kapitellchen der kleinen Säulen im unteren Teil der Nische. ]
Ar-Raqqa, city wall, showing an arched gate and two towers
Motifs of quarter flowers in Kara Memi, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
The minaret of Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.
Bayt Junblat, southern Iwan - decoration detail of marble and ceramic tiles
The statue of Harun al-Rashid in Raqqa
Hanging dyed silk to dry after washing it in cold water
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, a side of the church
[Original: Dreischiffige Säulenbasilika, 2. H. 5. Jh., 18,5 x 13,8 m]
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
[original:' Raqqa, Große Moschee']. [84/27/322 a] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].
A group of domed houses in the village of Shaykh Hilal
In this scene, the workers coat the domes with mud as part of the restoration and maintenance work. These three domes seem to belong to one house.
Afamiya, columns in the ruins
shap_import_44106
Bedouin movement in al-Hawl area with donkeys, camels and a litter
Ebla (Tall Mardikh), basalt basin was often used for the purposes of worship
(Kult)Wanne. Sie erinnert an die aus Mishrifa, vgl. Bild 0968 ! Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Eating breakfast in the shop
Salkhad - The Ayyubid minaret
Destruction of the illegal shops in the outside part of the northern part to show the wall and a tower.
Camels in the Great Colonnade, Palmyra
[Original: Kamele in der Säulenstraße]
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
A flock of pigeons in the old city of Damascus
A scene of a flock of pigeons gathering over the rooftops
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), hall facade situated on eastern side of the courtyard
View at ar-Ruj plain from an orchard
In a small village on the Khabur: foreign visitors are welcomed
Processes of the contemporary ‘Ajami handcraft: the application of metal foil
Mohammad Haj Qab in his workshop in Damascus
Bayt Wakil, iwan - decoration above a room's door
General view of the monuments of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Der Hintergrund von Bild 0800. Links die Säulenstraße, 3. Abschnitt, dann der Tetrapylon, dahinter der Monumentalbogen. Rechts vom Tetrapylon das Theater, darüber die vier Säulen der Diokletiansthermen. Noch weiter rechts, nach der Kolonnade, die Agora mit ganz rechts dem Bankettsaal. Hinter all dem das Areal des Bel-Tempels, ganz im Hintergrund der Salzsee von Palmyra. ]
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs
A sculpture of a woman, showing clothes and jewelry details
Weekly market in Maskana, where the farmers of the region sell their fruit and vegetables
A distant view of the coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Main facade of Jamiʿ at-Tawashi mosque (stitched panorama)
Photograph of mosque's main, southeastern, facade during ongoing works of refurbishment and partly recovery work. Several pictures have been put together to a panorama.
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., south aisle
A grove with irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
Relief with vine tendrils
[Original: Bauornamentik]
Hiraqla victory monument
Hiraqla (near ar-Raqqa), (MM: DAI 93/158)
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, general view into the turba
Part of the ruins of Qalʿat Harim
Agricultural fields, cow and irrigation pipe on the coast of Baniyas
Peasants returning home from work in their palm grove passing by Bel temple
View along north western corner towards the oasis
Southwest wall of the Agora
[ Description by author: Südwestwand der Anlage, gesehen von ~ Südosten, von der Außenseite. Im Hintergrund die Säulenstraße. Vgl. Bild 0709 ! ]
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's southern facade
North-East Syria, the Upper Euphrates
Mushabbak, byzantine basilica
Al-Bara, oil mill, 5th-6th c.
The locally grown olives were pressed in oil mills. The well-preserved production site clearly shows the various work areas.
Aleppo, Bab al-Maqam city gate, general view from south, ca. 1932 during French mandate
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
In the outer courtyard of the ʿAzm-Palace, now the museum of the arts and popular traditions of Damascus
Waterfall of Zayzun in the Yarmuk valley in 1918
[Original: 'Wasserfall von Zezun im Jarmuktal']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Popular restaurants on both banks of the Barada River
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, inscription and decoration above the entrance of the prayer hall
part of the Muqarnaṣ cornice of the Aleppo Room, Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin
View of a side of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall (qaʿa) from the inside
![Arial view at Tall al-Bai'a from the north. [Kalla (1999) 131]: [Gßbor Kalla: Christentum am oberen Euphrat. Das byzantinische Kloster von Tall Bi'a. in: Antike Welt 30/2 (1999).]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_44697-1024x697.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Arial view at Tall al-Bai'a from the north. [Kalla (1999) 131]: [Gßbor Kalla: Christentum am oberen Euphrat. Das byzantinische Kloster von Tall Bi'a. in: Antike Welt 30/2 (1999).]
A central passage in the Castle of Harim
Port expansion in Tartus
Extension of port, working with cranes
A side of al-Mudiq castle shows some of its towers
General view of Baalshamin Temple, 2nd century AD
[Original: Tempel des Baal Schamin (beim Hotel Zenobia)]
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, prayer hall
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Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration
As-Sisi alley: southern entrance with gate
View of the alley seen from the southern end, where the former gate, built in a narrow place, is clearly visible. Such gates were common until the beginning of the twentieth century in many old town streets, and were closed every evening.
Barada River, near Victoria Bridge
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Ithriya Temple - Some archaeological finds
Palmyra Theater, central part (valva regia) of scaenae frons
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the trail around the two castles
Interior view of Basilika A, ar-Rusafa
[Original: 1945 Geschenk Prof. Friedrich Sarre]
A part of family wing (so called haramlik oder juwwani) in Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
A side of Krak des Chevaliers
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Part of the remains of Shayzar Castle
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
Suq Aslan Dada, general view of the reconstruciton of the suq and the eastern facade of Khan as-Sabun
Capital of column, portico of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Ein Kapitell des Portikus, vielleicht aus dem Nordost-Bereich. ]
Near Tall Tamir, an Assyrian village, courtyard of a house with two later flattened domes of the original building
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, ornaments on the facade
[ Description by author: Dekor links bzw. rechts des Eingangs-"Iwâns". ]
A colorful marble niche in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277. Mihrab-Nische mit Marmorinkrustationen]
Preparation of the design of a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
A group of doves in the old city of Aleppo
Some of the residents of the old city used to raise pigeons for fun and to enjoy them. Here we see a number of doves resting on the roof of an old building.
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, iwan
Khan Qurdbak, decoration details above a window in the iwan
Detail drawing of the relocated portal in al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami
Reusing a portal for the new facade of al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami after demolishing a part during enlargement of the street: detail plan drawings of the relocated portal from a demolished palace/ mansion, registered under 157A, 22A in Syrian monuments list, and originally located in cad. no. VII-1-1 3777. Scale 1:20.
Grazing sheep on the Euphrates
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima - the upper part of the minaret
Baking of bread in tannur near to a field of maize in the outskirts of ar-Raqqa
Muzayrib - Ancient mill
Kharbaqa Dam: One of the dams that were built to limit seasonal flood waters in the Badia
[ Description by author: Steiler Blick nach oben aus dem Flussbett. ]
In the living compartment of the semi-nomadic family's tent (from Maskana region)
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the mosque in the center of the Khan's courtyard
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), Mamluk Rank
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the main entrance
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Baking flat breads on the tannur wall (tannur deepened in the ground)
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Popular restaurants on both banks of the Barada River
Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway
[Original: Zitadelle, Haupttor, Vortor und Brücke]
Halabiyya, entrance to the Praetorium, which is integrated into the city wall and dates from the time of Justinian.
A villa under construction in the Ghuta of Damascus
A view of one of the groves of the Ghouta with a villa or a summer house under construction in the middle. In the last years of the last century, rich people, both residents of the city and the villages, began to build modern residential buildings in the groves of the Ghouta, for recreation and to enjoy the beauty of nature and the freshness of the air.
Details of decoration on the Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph)
[ Description by author: - wo genau ? ['Monumentalbogen, ??/??/2002'] ]
A private Aleppine house
A view of a courtyard corner in a private Aleppian house, where we can see two façades that contain several arched windows.
Busra, Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, known as "Jami ad-Dabbagha'
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
[Original:'Madrasa al-Firdaus, Halab / Aleppo. Mihrâb.].
Halabiyya; remains of Basilica and Eastern wall,
[Original: Blick vom Praetorium auf Basilika, Euphrat und Reste der Ostmauer]
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari, arcade
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, entrance of the prayer hall
A part from the ruins of Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
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The entrance into the castle of al-Marqab is framed by a stepped portal
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/977] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Village houses with courtyards in Mishrifa (ancient Qatna)
Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman), Mosaic
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, Bodenmosaik (4. - 7. Jh., aus den Toten Städten)]
A view from the Castle toward Harim city
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis, exterior view
Remains of the Byzantine Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Die Substrukturen von oben. Man steht am Rand des letzten erhaltenen Gewölbes, Blick nach ~ Südosten. Links sind vier Ansätze der Gewölbe-Gurte zu erkennen. Die Kathedrale liegt links außerhalb des Bildes. ]
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
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Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance
Orchards in the city of Harim
Bayt Wakil, fountain of the reception hall
Nature in spring, Raʾs al-ʿAyn
A typical Friday breakfast table in Damascus
View from northeast, Agora and commercial center
[ Description by author: der Agora, Blick von ~ Nordosten. Durch das Tor ganz rechts (es ist das selbe wie Bild 0704 links) sieht man in die Agora. Dieser Annex ist der eigentliche Handelsplatz von Palmyra und war wegen der Kamele auch nicht gepflastert. Hier wurde auch der berühmte (Zoll)Tarif vom April 137 n. Chr. gefunden. S. auch Bild 0707 ! ]
View the northeast corner of the Agora
[ Description by author: Blick von ~ Osten auf die Nordost-Ecke der Agora (Forum) und in den ihren Innenhof mit Resten von Säulen der Portikus. Links geht es zum Annex, zum hohen Portal rechts vgl. Bild 0705 ! ]
Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra - southern arcade
Aliya Alnuami
Habuba Kabira, construction of cantilever domes
Bayt Wakil, iwan
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Homs, Western entrance, Jamiʿ an-Nuri
![Arial view at the citadel. [S.151, Abb.168]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_50305-1024x697.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Arial view at the citadel. [S.151, Abb.168]
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior
The hall has a rectangular ground plan. Based on a square middle room, it is divided by 12 pillars, all spanned by pointed arches, into 20 compartments of two different forms: two narrow oblong ones each on three sides of the central area (see picture 5) and two smaller square ones each in the adjacent corner areas. Between the pillar pairs that frame an oblong compartment stands a column each with octagonal shaft and multifaceted capital, which is formed by small geometric cells (muqarnas). Towards the side of the windowed entrance wall, the hall is only one bay deep. The courtyard side with its second row of pillars functioned as a kind of entrance portico, being once opened by four high pointed arches within the outside wall. The central area is covered by a high dome. Supported by four massive pillars, it rests on muqarnas pendentives – triangular-shaped with tiered rows of geometric cells –, and is topped by a round lantern with small columns plus pointed cupola. The other parts are covered with elongated, flattened vaults and small domes according the respective compartment form
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), Central courtyard and chapel
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
Near Qa'alat ar-Rahaba, Shrin Shaykh Shibliy. [Original:'Bei QAL'AT ar-RAHABA, Grabbau = SAIH SIBLI']
An olive grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
A scenary in the Ghouta of a field filled with perennial olive trees. It seems, from the ladder leaning on a tree, that it is the harvest season.
A general view of the remains of Shayzar Castle
View at Qalʿat Shayzar with Qalʿat al-Madiq
Palmyra, Sarcophagus, Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: in der Nähe des Fahnenheiligtums. [' 26/03/2002 (?)'] ]
The Great Colonnade behind the palm trees
[ Description by author: Zum Standort s. Bild 0588 ! Zentralabschnitt: links, verdeckt, der Monumental-Bogen, rechts der Tetrapylon. Dahinter in der Mitte zwei Grabtürme, ganz hinten, an der Efqa-Quelle, das Hotel Palmyra Cham Palace. ['[Tetrapylon Hotel],'] ]
In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure of calcination of gypsum (2nd step): the fuel was lit
(See also 1st and third step of calcination of gypsum)
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Pottery from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus
Jurn Kabir, the only two school classrooms for children of the village
A modern residential neighborhood in Aleppo
A view of a modern neighborhood in the city of Aleppo on a cold winter day.
Jisr ash-Shughur, the ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
A road in a village in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Kitchen tent with fireplace of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region
Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (Arabic)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
Madrasat al-Firdaws, Decorative details of one of the arcade columns capital
Nomad tents on the outskirts of the Ghuta of Damascus
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
[ 87/ 59/ 1789] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. On the back of the photo: [87/59].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
50 piastres (silver), 24 mm, 1947
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Der hohe hinten ist der des Maliku (vgl. Bild 0820, der ganz rechts der des Jambliqu (vgl. Bild 0823 - 0830 !). Gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
Raqqa/Rafiqa, An old photo of the remains of al-Banat palace before restoration
[Original: Palast. Aufnahme von Westen/ 1945 Geschenk Prof. Friedrich Sarre]
Khan Qurdbak, courtyard and iwan
Hama, View of the courtyard, Great Mosque
Raqqa, Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Excavations
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, northern facade (library)
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from inside
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), General view - eastern and southeastern side
Busra, Part of the citadel wall
A photo of villagers in front of traditional building under construction, Raqqa
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glass pig from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.16024; R.45
Remains of the Praetorium from east, Balis (Barbalassos)
at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls
Muzayrib - Ruins of an historical bridge
Pilgerstraße, Brücke
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., decorative door of reliquary room in southern facade (east)
The relics of Symeon were located in the southern apse side room. This martyrion can be recognized from the outside by the third door in the south wall and by a tiny window next to the door through which the pilgrims could be supplied with holy oil. A direct door into the sanctuary suggests that the Symeon relic was also used during the service. The windows are bordered by a particularly elaborately designed cornice band. The façade also has oblique grooves and square depressions, probably from the base of a sloping roof and its purlins.
Remains of the western gate of the temple of Jupiter
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome
Bayt Junblat, ground plan
Remarks in german. Size of plan 42 x 30, no scale.
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, northern portico
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view from the outside
Bayt Ghazala, fountain in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
[Original: B88- Film II]
Khan al-Hallabat, General view from southeast
[ Description by author: des Forts, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Es liegt an der späteren Strata Diocletiana zum Schutz der Verbindung Palmyra - Damaskus. ]
Aleppo Citadel, entrance gateways and bridge
Relief showing an angel among fruits and pine cones, Temple of Baal
[ Description by author: Relief. In der Mitte ein geflügelter Genius, der mich irgendwie an die assyrischen erinnert. Links von ihm u.a. Pinienzapfen, ein Symbol der Fruchtbarkeit Die Früchte (?) rechts scheinen mir Granatäpfel zu sein, dagegen sprechen aber die Einkerbungen. Die Anordnung gemahnt irgendwie an die "Brüste" der Artemis von Ephesus ....... ]
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen - the dome details from the inside
Near Qa'alat ar-Rahaba, Shrin Shaykh Shibliy. [Original:'Bei QAL'AT ar-RAHABA, Grabbau = SAIH SIBLI']
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, entrance portal, building ornaments made of carved stones
Aliya Alnuami is applying the relief paste on her ‘Ajami-work
Busra, Decumanus maximus looking west from the nymphaeum
Aleppo, Ajiqbash House, courtyard and iwan damages in 2018
The former courtyard house of a merchant family served as Aleppo’s Museum of Folk Traditions. The house is severely damaged, especially the open living space facing the courtyard (Iwan).
Mosque, interior view with mihrab and minbar.
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and western facade - main hall's (qaʿa) facade
[Original: B86 /Film XV]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Daily life scene in the city of Raqqa
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the prayer hall
Khan al-Hibal, the southern facade from inside
General view of Euphrates valley at Dayr az-Zawr countryside
The main mihrab, which has mosaic in its dome. The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here wb.01 of the secondary space 07. is seen.
Ar-Raqqa, view of a side of city wall
Aghabani table cloths with gold and silver threads
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, the baptistery
[Original: Baptisterium mit oktogonalem Zentralraum]
In the courtyrad of the Umayyad Mosque - view to al-ʿArus minaret and northern arcade
Remains of Zeus Temple (Seraya), Qanawat
[Original: Perystlilhof mit einfachen Säulen mit Plattenkapiteller auf hohen Basen]
The Valley of Tombs - sculptures of the deads who are buried in a tower tomb
[ Description by author: Detail der Fassade. Im Bogen der Tote auf einer Kline, dahinter seine Familie. Unter der Kline Reste der Inschrift. ]
Archaeological find in the Eastern Palace, ar-Raqqa
Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak
The courtyard of a house in Shaykh Hilal
This picture shows one of the daily-life activities of hanging laundry in the courtyard of a domed house.
Palmyra, scenery in the valley of the tombs, showing a group of tower tombs
Prestige facade of the lower northern cardo (colonnaded axis) at Afamiya
"Säulenstraße, 1,8 km lang und 37,5 m breit, nördlicher Abschnitt (glatte Säulenschäfte mit korinthischen Kapitellen) nach 115 n.Chr."
Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves
Capitals of the Simeon monastery are often decorated with waving acanthus leaves as a northern Syrian peculiarity.
Citadel der Aleppo, main entrance gateway
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
A concrete irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
A view of the inner courtyard, al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
Palmyra / Tadmur, Tetrapylon, 3rd century AD
[Original: Tetrapylon mit Rosengranitsäulen aus Assuan (nur noch eine original)]
General view of the Krak des Chevaliers
[Original: 1150 - 1250 vom Johanniterorden erbaut, Außenansicht]
Muzayrib - Ancient mill
Khan
Raqqa, Tall Aswad, section drawing of a pottery kiln
Ceramic stove, section drawing with scale ruler
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; National Museum Damascus, from ar-Raqqa
Bimaristan Arghun, passageway
Afamiya, columns of colonnaded axis (Cardo Maximus)
[Original. "Säulenstraße, 1,8 km lang und 37,5 m breit, nördlicher Abschnitt (glatte Säulenschäfte mit korinthischen Kapitellen) nach 115 n.Chr."]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, dome of the prayer hall (qibliyya)
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Main Entrance, Courtyard
A view of the iwan of Dada house
Liwan
General view of Safita city
A view of Shayzar Castle from afar
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, northern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
The window topped by an inscription panel
Afamiya, The Great colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
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Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus
The Euphrates River near Tall Sabi Abyad
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Damascus, Minaret al-Qalʿi, 15 C.
One of the most important minarets from the Mamluk era in Damascus due to its rich ornamental elements of Muqarnas cells, geometrical panels.
Making pickles
General view of Qarqbiza remains
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, the upper part of the entrance - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
{Original: Maulbeerbaum }. on the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, osman. (heute Mosaiken-Museum)]
Stone carved panel on the ʿAyn Diwar bridge
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
Busra, Hammam Manjak, niche in the hot section
Habuba Kabira, plastering of the domes after completion of the shell
Al-Khabur region, a potter in the workshop, probably in al-Busayri
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
Minaret and exterior wall of the Great Mosque of ar-Raqqa/ar-Rafiqa, 8th/12th c.
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq after the destruction, view towards east
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
The lion was embedded in the outer wall of the Al-Lat temple. As a protector of an antelope it is a symbol of peacefullness. The stone statue was severely damaged by ISIS.
View from the portico towards the entrance of dome hall, al-ʿAzm Palace
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, the prayer hall's facade
Aliya Alnuami is finalising her ‘Ajami work
Pavilion, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
Mnin, general view of Qalamun mountain and the houses scattered on its slopes
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami: Preparation of a wooden dome
Camels and camel herder on way home after transporting cotton sacks in the fields of the Euphrates valley
View towards Notre-Dame de Saydnaya
A Kurdish woman spinning with a suspended spindle. She is wearing a traditional overgarment
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace - stucco decorations
Floral frieze decoration, Raqqa II; Eastern East-Palace
A photo of a residential quarter in the city of Tartus
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Gate of south-western side/ view from outside [Original: "Salihiyyah, Tor der Südwestseite / von Außen"]
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower
The dome hall in the upper floor of Qasr al-ʿAzm (Palace)
Near Tall Tamir, In a tannur deepened in the ground the flat breads are baked
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., Apse and south façade
[Original: Basilika, vor 469, SO-Seite]
Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
People near the historical city Wall of Raqqa
Habuba Kabira, Mud brick construction - connection of wall, belt arch and dome rounding
An arch in Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
[Original: Arch-k.K6/=HQ k.K 60,]
Spolia of crowns of columns for decorating a courtyard, ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Spolia in courtyard
Citadel of Aleppo, Great Mosque courtyard and arcades
Bayt Wakil, reception hall - western wing
Entrance door of the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Ruin of a double room house in the village Qalʿat Najm
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view of the northern facade
Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra - southern arcade
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Roman Gate (Peribolos) at the Straight Street, Old City of Damsacus
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten, mittlerer Durchgang. Die "Bürgersteige" der Geraden Straße wurden im Mittelalter zu Straßen, der alte Fahrdamm überbaut. Aber ab diesem Bogen für einige hundert Meter nach Osten besteht noch die alte Struktur: der Fahrdamm wurde ein offener Sûq, die "Bürgersteige" auch hier Straßen. Vgl. Bild 0322 ! ]
Yabrud: residential buildings as road-accompanying development
Street view with central hall house. This type of house is a local variation (of the Qalamun Mountains) of a house form known since mid of the 19th century, mostly from Lebanon. It has a shaded entrance with an arcade of three arches on round columns on the ground floor, above it on the upper floor a repetition as open seating area. Stone façade is made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. On the upper floor, a balcony extends over the entire facade. These houses might have been built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami: Preparation of a wooden dome
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, Ibshir Mustafa Pasha and bathhouse of Bahram Pasha facades
The facades of the coffeehouse of the Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (left part) and the earlier bathhouse of Bahram Pasha (right side) have an extensively decorated exterior, facing one another on the street that runs east-to-west at the south of the waqf complex, which became the most decorated public street space in Aleppo.
Fruit and vegetable growing in the Ghuta of Damascus
General view showing the remains of city wall
[ Description by author: Blick vom Gipfel, etwa hinter dem Fahnenheiligtum, nach ~ Südosten. Vorn unten das Fahnenheiligtum, davor das Prätorium und die Treppe. Dann schaut man durch die Via Praetoria nach hinten. Links das Allât-Heiligtum. Zu den Gebäuden im Hintergrund s. Bild 0801 ! ]
Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.
In some places, buildings were found, that consist only of a huge room and a multifunctional ground-floor space. They were likely community houses (Andron).
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, a groin vault in the entrance
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Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
Aliya Alnuami
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
Qalʿat (castle) Yahmur, Main entrance of the fortified tower
The courtyard of an-Nuri Mosque
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad, s.SW-Neg.85/735-6;738
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis from the inside
Al-ʿArus minaret of the Umayyad Mosque
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and northern facade
Raising camels in the western part of Badiyat ash-Sham
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Salah ad-Din statue at the western facade of Damascus citadel
A herd of sheep in one of the streets in Raqqa
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Madrasa al-Hallawiyya: interior view at the former Byzantine apse
Parts of the Byzantine cathedral (5th c.) were integrated into a religious college (Medrese) in the 12th century. During the war, the monument was damaged and plundered.
Suq Aslan Dada, rebuilding of northern entrance, view towards south
Suq Aslan Dada, general view of the suq damages, view towards south
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard- entrances to single rooms
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
A photo of two towers, Jaʿbar castle
Tombe carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Tele-Konverter-Ausschnitt, eindeutig auf das rechte Grab von Bild 0406 / 0408. ]
The historic alley leading to al-ʿAzm Palace
[Original: Azem-Palast, von Asad-al-Azem 1740 begonnen, unter seinem Neffen Nasuh Pascha al-Azam Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts erweitert]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall showing the minbar
Bridge over the Euphrates, ar-Raqqa
[Original: Euphratbrücke]
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the entrance from the interior
Palmyra, general view of the Tetrapylon
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Süden aus dem Gelände zwischen Agora und Tetrapylon. ]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minbar (pulpit) - inscription
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, courtyard and arched arcade
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Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south east of al-Mayadeen - plan
Sketch (Skizze), scale approx. 1:50
Busra, Hammam Manjak before the restoration work
Palmyra / Tadmur, view from afar to Ba‘alshamin Temple
[Original: Baal-Schamin-Tempel, 60 - 150 n.Chr. Im Vordergrund Bad der Zenobia]
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, view of the courtyard and the hall iwan
[Original: B63 Film-VI]
A side of architectural remains, Ugarit
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Bimaristan Arghun, entry portal detail
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font.
Wakil House, dome of qaʿa (reception hall)
view at the dome on top of the representative reception hall (Qaʿa). It is standing on a polygonal drum (tambour) with windows for lighting.
A Jacquard-loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
General view of Masyaf Castle
Bimaristan Arghun, muqarnas vault behind entrance portal
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, view on the roof
Large central dome, surrounded by small domes and cloister vaults.
A view of the remains of Harim Castle
Application of the relief paste of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Raqqa - Remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, entrance and courtyard of the kitchen
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, exterior view of northern facade - entrance and minaret
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - Pottery
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, SW-Neg.89/658-699
A grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Olive groves near Harim
A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra
A view of part of the southern Roman baths in Bosra dating back to the 2nd century AD. A series of well-preserved columns topped with ionic capitals appear here. This type of capitals appeared in the Greco-Roman Period and is characterized by spiral motifs.
Jurn Kabir, a travelling horse-drawn cart dealer supplied the villages with vegetables and fruit
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance
Wakil house, dome of the reception hall
A view of the hall’s dome from the outside, where the rectangular windows appear clearly on the neck of the dome.
A view of the Orontes river near Darkush
Entrance of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, as-Salamiyya
zum Gebetssaal - s. die Schuhe ! Er erinnert an mittelalterliche Kirchen - für eine gotische fehlt nur ein richtiger Tympanon ... Es ist mir aber nicht bekannt, dass die Moschee auf der Stelle einer Kirche errichtet worden wäre. Dennoch scheinen mit die "Kapitelle" rechts und links nicht islamische Kunst zu sein, der Türsturz, bei dem man gleich an eine Spolie denkt, trägt eine arabische Inschrift - er könnte aber gedreht worden sein .......- Da ich nicht mehr weiß, ob dieser Eingang sich auf der West-, Süd- oder Ostseite der Moschee befindet, habe ich keinen GPS-Tag gesetzt. Es gibt noch ein weiteres Problem: ich könnte mich irren, und dieses und das nächste Bild sind nicht von der Jâmi' al-Kabîr, sondern von der Masjid al-Imâm Ismâ'îl ! Dann wäre der Eingang im Norden oder Süden. [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Khan al-Hibal, the northern facade from inside
Busra, al-ʿUmari Mosque, eastern facade
General view of the Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: und rechts die Unterkünfte für "Suchende". Gesehen von der Anhöhe ~ nördlich des Klosters. Im Vordergrund der "Aufweg" vom Parkplatz am Austritt des Wadi in die Ebene. ]
Decorations on an arch in the Church of Qalb Lawza
A metal workshop in the city of Raqqa
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, angle niches below the dome in the mausoleum
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A view of the Mosque of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya with Qasyun mountain in the background
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Raqqa, the archway of Baghdad Gate
Exterior view of Krak des chevaliers (Qalʿat al-Husn)
Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the North Gate
Symetrical gate composition: higher middle gate, topped with semi circular arch. View from south.
Damascus, Muqarnas above the gate of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
An alley in one of Damascus's old neighborhoods
Church of the monk Buhayra, the oldest church in Busra
{Original: Katdraʾiyyat}
Busra - Hammam Manjak - the fountain of the cold section (barrani)
At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle , one of the Castle's towers.
Courtyard of the monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Innenhof, rechts die Kirche.- Das Kloster geht auf Mönchsgrotten in der Umgebung aus dem 6. Jh. zurück, die ältesten Gebäudeteile stammen aus dem 10. Jh., die Fresken (vgl. Bild 0480 - 0490 !) - in drei Lagen übereinander ! - aus der Zeit bis zum 15. Jh.. Gegen Ende des 17. Jh. wurde das Kloster verlassen. Sein Patron soll der Sohn eines äthiopischen Königs sein und das Kloster gegründet haben. ]
Courtyard and mosque, at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya
[ Description by author: und Innenhof mit Wasserbecken, gesehen von ~ Nodwesten. Links ein Ausstellungsstücke der Armee: irgendeine MIG ....... ]
An abandoned rural noria on the Orontes river
In the rural area of an-Nasiriyya, north of Hama, there are remnants of a noira on the Orontes River, where its stone base and remnants of the aqueduct with its pillars appear.
Entrance and minaret of ad-Darwishiyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1574. Eingang und Minarett, gesehen vermutlich von ~ Osten. ]
A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building
Afamiya, View to the north- the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
shap_import_70676
Bayt Ghazala, the iwan
Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the connection bridge between the two castles
Qalʿat Jaʿbar, vaulted loophole
Aliya Alnuami is applying the relief paste on her ‘Ajami-work
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window
The window has rectangular shape and decorated by ablaq style (black and yellow masonry) on the sides and joggled voussoir. All combined inside a large flat niche with two spiral columns on the lower section and topped by a cornice of muqarnas. The niche top part framed by double muqarnas plates and carved serrated border. Also, there is upper small niche above the big windows.
Baalshamin Temple - cella, 2nd c. AD
[ Description by author: Oberer Teil des Thalamos in der Cella, gesehen durch das Portal. ]
Cows in a grove, the Ghouta of Damascus
View from Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Südwesten. Der hohe Turm rechts der Bildmitte ist der des Elahbel. ]
Tomb tower of Elahbel, the Valley of Tombs
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Assyrian Corner Stairway Trough, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: "Assyrische Eck-Treppenzinne", von einem der Türme des Tempels (vgl.Bild 0629 !) . Die Struktur ist orientalisch, der Dekor römisch. ]
Khan al-Wazir, northern facade and the internal facade of the khan's entrance
Garbage on the edge of an orchard in the Ghouta of Damascus
General view of Jaʿbar castle on the left bank of the Euphrates
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, facade of the hall entrance
[Original: B63 Film-VI]
Telegraph column, topped with a miniature of a mosque, Sahat (square) al-Marja
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Ziad Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to west showing the destruction
This lane of the Great Bazar was specialized in spices, herbs, and essential oils. It burnt down in December 2012.
A side of Kharbaqa Dam, spring
Public street life in Raqqa
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, star-shaped fountain in centre of the courtyard
An arch topped a niche in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277. Mihrab-Nische mit Marmorinkrustationen]
ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the farm yard behind the house with stables made of basalt stones
Khan Qurdbak, detail of a window in the iwan
Big stairs lead to the upper floor, Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Die große Rampe im Nordwestteil des Palastes (nach rechts geht es zur großen Treppe). Auf einem Internet-Bild wird sie als (Rampe einer) "Ziggurat" bezeichnet, dann stünden wohl der Rote Tempel / Ishtar-Tempel D auf dieser Ziggurat. Arber: wie passt das mit dem Palast zusammen ? Oder stammt diese Ziggurat aus der zweiten Blütezeit von Ebla und hat den Palast (teilweise) überlagert ? [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)
The unique wooden minbar, or pulpit, belongs to the Mamluk era as indicated by the inscribed name of the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, son of Qalawun (d. 741 AH / 1341 AD). The carpenter’s name is Muhammad ibn ʿAli al-Mawsili.
Column capital on the terrace of the northern riwaq.
Burj as-Saʿa, mechanical clock
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the current prayer hall was part of ِAleppo's Byzantine cathedral
The damage of al-Hallawiyya prayer hall that contain an exedra of the Byzantine cathedral of St. Helena (5th CE.). During the war, the monument was damaged and plundered.
Habuba Kabira, view over cantilever domes during construction
Sacrophagi decorated with sculptures of the dead
A staircase and an entrance leading to two halls within the Roman religious complex, Mnin
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0397: Freitreppe zur großen Halle und Eingang der kleinen Halle. ]
Bayt Wakil, interior facade of the upper floor
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Bayt Dallal, decorated stone at the iwan stair
[Original: Steingitter d. Kellerfensters v.d. Liwan]
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
South-Thermae, view from the colonnade
The apse of eastern cathedral, Afamiya
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - exterior view
Interior view of a grave carved in the rocks, Maʿlula
[ Description by author: auf dem Kloster-Plateau: Rückwand und Teil der rechten Seitenwand. Vgl. Bild 0460 ! ]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, facade and entrance of the prayer hall
Hiraqla victory monument
Photo (MM: DAI 93/156)
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan
[ G 88/ 19/ 236] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].(ref. http://www.esyria.sy/eraqqa/index.php?p=stories&category=todayimg&filename=201003152100042)
Busra, Theater and Citadel - Aerial photograph
Citadel al-Qa'la, Aerial view Fl.305, Nr. 194, segment
Carved giant footprints at the threshold of the entrance of ʿAyn Dara temple
View to the Proscenium of Palmyra Theater, 2nd c. AD
A little boy from a resettlement village is drawing water from a tap embedded in the ground
The village was resettled in the 70s to Northeast Syria due to the construction of the Al-Furat dam of the Euphrates. Typically, these houses were covered with a corrugated iron roof and had their water source in the court instead of inside the house.
A local bakery in the old city of Aleppo
A picture of croissants pieces in a local bakery in the historic neighborhood of al-Jallum.
Exterior view of ad-Daydariyya cave
shap_import_44193
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, courtyard with a rectangular basin
Khan Qurdbak, iwan of the Mamluk palace
Busra, Interior view of the Roman Theatre and Ayyubid Citadel
Orchestra und Scenae Frons, gesehen von ~ Süden. Das Theater stammt aus dem 2. Jh. und ist eines der größten und besterhaltenen der römischen Welt. Es fasste ca. 15000 Zuschauer. Vgl. Bild 3802 !
A façade of the Shahba baths
The Shahba baths are one of the largest known baths in of the third 3rd century AD, built by Emperor Philip al-the Arabi. The picture shows a façade of one of the bath’s sections. It has a central entrance with a semi-circular arch, with two rectangular niches and on the sides two rectangular niches ending with a semi-circular arch.
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
Baalshamin Temple, view from east
General view of Bel Temple among the palm trees
[ Description by author: Morgendlicher Fernblick aus einem der beiden Hotels, also von ~ Nordosten.. ['Hotel Villa Palmyra (Heliopolis ?)'] ]
The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus
Main entrance, muqarnas, wall relief
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), Painted wooden panel, Mary and Jesus
One of the most famous Christian themes in the hall of Wakil house is a painting of the Virgin Mary carrying her child, surrounded by plant and blossom drawings.
Maʿbad ad-Dumayr (temple), locally known as "the castle"
Remain of City Wall, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Blick nach ~ Nordwesten. Vor der Mauer ganz rechts der Annex, zwischen den beiden Mauern liegt die Agora, bei der Säule ist der Eingang zum Bankettsaal, darüber die Burg. Im Verlauf der Mauer erkennt man ganz hinten das Diokletians-Lager.- Die Mauer wird bald als Diokletianisch, bald als Justinianisch bezeichnet: vermutlich unter Diokletian (rund 300 n. Chr.) erbaut und unter Justinian (ca. 550. n. Chr.) erneuert / verstärkt. ]
Citadel of Aleppo, a view from the main entrance showing the Gate Tower
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, muqarnas decorationg a niche on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Aghabani table cloth with gold and silver threads
View of the town of Halbun in the 1960s with gardens
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden cells inside the prayer hall's iwan
Near Habuba Kabira, a family trip by boat to their former village, that was flooded in 1973 by the Tabqa-Dam
Qasr (palace) al-Hayr al-Gharbi, view of the ruins
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
The Cave Monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Trotz der völlig anderen Landschaft musste ich an das Höhlenkloster Dair Mâr Marûn am 'Assi in der Nähe von Hirmil im Libanon denken (Bilder dort !). ]
A side of the Cavea, Palmyra Theater
[ Description by author: linker Teil. Die Cavea soll ursprünglich etwa dreimal so viele Sitzreihen gehabt haben: das Theater von Palmyra war eines der größten im Nahen Osten. Es wurde allerdings niemals vollendet ....... Im Hintergrund ganz links die Burg, weiter rechts und näher der Tetrapylon. Der Bogen rechts in der Kolonnade markiert den nordwestlichen Durchgang zur Rundstraße ums Theater. Gesehen nach ~ Nordwesten. ]
Balcony above main portal of Khan al-Harir
Jabla, Remains of the Roman Theater
Aerial view of the desert in Badiyat ash-Sham
Busra, Hammam Manjak, frigidarium or cold room (barrani)
Remains of tower tomb
[ Description by author: Blick in die Cella von ~ Südwesten. ]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin
Remains of arches of the Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, courtyard
[Original: al-Burj al-Ayyubi]
25 piastres (silver), 20 mm, 1958 (union with Egypt)
The ceiling of the guest room (qaʿa), al-Quwatli House
Decke der Ataba in der Qa'a
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
Salkhad - The Ayyubid minaret
Dada House, a view of courtyard seen from the Iwan
Hof vom Liwan aus gesehen
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, prayer niche decorated with geometric patterns
ar-Rusafa, remains of the arches of the so called building with two apses
[Original: k.K6/=HQ k.K6]
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome
Damascus Gate on the south eastern side of the City Wall, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
~ Ostseite, Abschnitt zur Stadt. Gesehen von der ~ Westseite nach ~ Osten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Bayt Ghazala, fountain in the main hall (qaʿa)
General view of the Valley of the Tombs
Habuba Kabira, view into a plastered cantilever dome with openings and decorative layer
Corinthian capital of a pillar, Agora
[ Description by author: Kapitell des Pfeilers mit vorgelegter Halbsäule von Bild 0711. ]
al-Husn Church, remains of basilica's wall, which constitue the boundary of an agricultural field
Making of burghul in Yabrud during the sixties
A man stirs with a shovel in a large vat during the production of the Burghul (Bulgur). In this process, the wheat grits of durum wheat or common wheat pass through the stages of paraboiling (hydrothermal pre-treatment), subsequent drying, mechanical removal of the exposed bran, cutting of the grain with a grit cutter and subsequent sieving into various grain sizes. Here we see a rural scene of traditional production by precooking the wheat in a large copper vat.
Part of the noria wheel
['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
![[Institut Français du Proche Orient]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_74685-1024x699.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
[Institut Français du Proche Orient]
Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla
Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wooden panels of Bayt ad-Dahhan (Funduq Qasr al-Mansuriyya), 18th century
Khan Qurdbak, Ground floor plan, reduced copy with ruler
Ground floor, [14]. size of plan 60 x 40 .with ruler (no scale) .
Bayt Wakil, facade of the reception hall (qaʿa)
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, zig-zag pattern
Preparation of the design of a felt carpet in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main northern facade
A gathering of people around a rolled out woven Kilim tapestry
The rug consists of strips, that are sewed together
Madrasat al-Firdaws, back iwan
Courtyard,
Approximate
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior, dome and muqarnas squinches
Mosaic of Orpheus, Shahba Museum
A field in a village nearSafira in Aleppo province
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Upper part of the gate tower,
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - aerial photo of the West Palace
A capital decorated with wavy acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites
[Original: k.K6/=HQ k.K25]
The prayer hall, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Blick aus der Nordostecke durch die Osthalle nach ~ Südwesten. Hinter den Säulen der Pavillon mit dem Kopf Johannes' des Täufers. ]
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, interior of the prayer hall
An old photo in ʿAyn al-Fija, Wadi Barada
[Original:'Militär-Transport im Taurus'].. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Umayyad Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Umawi), an exterior view of the ʿArus minaret at the northern facade
The lower part dates to the 9th century, and the upper structure is reconstructed from the late 12th century.
Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam
Tall Bdiri, A simple opening in a clay brick wall with clay plaster - probably in a stable
Madrasat al-Firdaws, courtyard and western arcade
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Baking flat breads on the tannur wall (tannur deepened in the ground)
reconstruction al-Husn Church
General view of Shumaymis Castle
Teleausschnitt aus Bild 1038, gesehen entweder von dem dortigen Standort oder von dem hier angezeigten aus ~ Südosten. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
Exterior view of ʿArbin watermill in Rif Dimashq
General view of the ruins of Palmyra
[ Description by author: vom Bel-Tempel, also von ~ Südosten, her. Rechts der Monumentalbogen, von ihm ausgehend nach hinten links der 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße bis zum Tetrapylon. Von dort zweigt eine weitere Säulenstraße nach links ab. Im Hintergrund die Burg des Fakhru d-Dîn al-Ma'ni. Die hohen Säulen vorn gehören zur Exedra des 1. Abschnitts der Säulenstraße (vgl. Bild 0657 - 0660 !). ]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance
View from Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas
General view of ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Auf dem linken Hang. Zu dem links oben und in der Mitte s. Bild 0408 ! Ob sich unter dem Felsüberhang weiter nach unten und rechts auch ein Grab befindet ? Die Felswand gleich über den Bäumen links wirkt auffallen geglättet, in Petra würde ich sagen "vorbereitet" ....... ]
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard and iwan
Jurn Kabir, whitewashing with chalk milk
View of the Orontes River with forested river banks
Jamiʿ Sharaf, the old mihrab
Remains of a building in the Hellenistic city of Afamiya
Mosaic in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken]
Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
shap_import_70674
Palmyra, Tetrapylon, rose granite columns from Aswan, 3rd century
[Original: Tetrapylon mit Rosengranitsäulen aus Assuan (nur noch eine original)]
Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall is covered with golden and colored mosaic
Originally, the entire courtyard façade was covered with mosaics. They show fantastic landscapes, which are interpreted as a representation of paradise.
Bayt Dallal, the basin and the iwan
[Original:'Judaida-Viertel, Halab / Aleppo. Sofern Bild 1296 tatsächlich die Decke des Iwâns von Bait Sâyigh darstellt, könnte dies hier der Iwân sein.].
A couple a day after their wedding
The woman is wearing a Habari (screen-printed head-scarf) over which she has laid an Abaya (coat)
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates in Dayr az-Zawr
Jurn Kabir, a hedgehog child
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Al-Marqab Castle from the inside
Bimaristan an-Nuri, small iwan
Interior view with fresco paintings, Tomb of the Three Brothers
Al-Kilaniyya neighborhood in Hama
A general view that shows the historic an-Nuri Mosque and in front of it the set of al-Kilaniyya norias on the left bank of Orontes River.
View of the Barada Valley in the 1960s
Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet, ceramic tiles Zakariya
shap_import_60397
ِAleppo, Khan as-Sabun, partial view from eastern arcade in the first floor
![[S.156 Abb.170]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_48714-1024x697.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
[S.156 Abb.170]
Valley of the Tombs, Tomb of Jambliku - decoration of the door lintel
[ Description by author: Linke Volute vom Türsturz, gesehen von ~ Osten. ]
A Kurdish woman with a prayer rug made of wool with embroidery
Artificial pool in the south of Mushannaf Temple
Maʿlula, the procession to the Holy Cross celebration also passes through the narrow alleys of the old town.
A view in Wadi Barada
[Original:' Jarmuktal'].. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Bayt Wakil, iwan - decoration above a room's door
An irrigation canal in the Eastern Ghouta
Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard
Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq
The Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'' from the inside, Damascus
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, al-Midan entrance
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, ground plan
Size of plan 50 x 20, with ruler (no scale).
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
Khusrawiyya, view of complex from the citadel, Khan ash-Shuna in foreground, in 2000
Suq az-Zarb, view towards west of the suq after the destruction
The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar
Burj as-Saʿa, General view
Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription on top of the citadel entrance.
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
The Byzantine Tower in Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
[Original: "Heir al-Garbi"]
Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain), agricultral area
[Original: Südsyr. Ackerebene im Hauran mit Hermon]
Hiraqla victory monument - plan of ground level
Reconstruction drawing of gound level. Plan showing walls. (with ruler)
Excavation work, Madinat al-Far
A seller of diesel fuel, Raqqa
Villages and the fertile floodplain of the Euphrates valley, that were flooded by the Tishrin-Lake
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance
Man with fresh bread
Jabal al-ʿArab, Camel
The tower of Qalʿat Yahmur (Yahmur Castle)
Plastic tools shop in ar-Raqqa
Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (English)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
![Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2Fshap_import_44759.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]
shap_import_44759
Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard
Bimaristan an-Nuri, inscription above the entrance
Tomb of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs, facade
[ Description by author: Oberer Teil der Fassade. Im Bogen eine Kline für den Toten, dessen Hochrelief allerdings fehlt. Unten in einer Tabula ansata eine zweisprachige Inschrift. Gesehen von ~ Süden. ]
A Bedouin family in one of the villages of the Euphrates Valley
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Islamic inscription
Remains of Busra cathedral
Aleppine Soap
The picture shows a section of the cubed laurel soap bar after drying. It is green on the inside.
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, general view from south-west
Hiraqla victory monument: reliefed fragments
Waterwheels of Kilaniyya
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Khan al-Jumruk, general view of the mosque in the center of the Khan's courtyard
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, view of the rectangular minarett above the main entrance
Part of Damascus city wall topped by a house balcony
[ Description by author: aus ayyubidischer Zeit mit neuerer Überbauung. Im Hintergrund das Minarett des Bâb Sharqi. ]
Warp threads in a mechanical loom, textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damasus
Afamiya, a side of ruins
shap_import_44111
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
View from the Philippeion to the city, Shahba
Raqqa - Qasr al-Banat, inner courtyard
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, windows on the tambour of one of the domes
Bucket wheel (noria) and aqueduct in 1930
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the southern hall
South part of the east side, Hammam al-Qaramani
[ Description by author: Südteil der Ostseite. Der obere Teil "modern" mit Beton ausgebaut. ]
Bedouin girl with saddle bag, that was weaved by her mother
Husn Sulayman, Cella of the temple
Excavation in the citadel of Damascus
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the west of prayer hall
Bimaristan Arghun, general view of the southern courtyard - fountain and iwan
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
The prayer hall's arches of the Umayyad Mosque
Jabal ʿAruda on the right bank of the Euphrates
Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus
General view of the hillside houses of Maʿlula town
[Original: Maalulla, Ländliche Siedlung]
Entrance towers on the west side, Harim Castle
South Temple in ʿAtil, remains of the main façade (partially distorted at present by the transformation of the building into a residence)
Great Mosque of Aleppo, view at courtyard, from 1907
View in eastern direction with the citadel in the background and the pavilions for ritual washing (Abolutionary) visible in the inner courtyard (Sahn). Out of a group of glass-plate photographs from a donation by Prof. Friedrich Sarre to the Museum für Islamische Kunst in Berlin in 1947!
Jabla, Pond in the courtyard of as-Sultan Ibrahim Mosque
Bayt Dallal, a part of courtyard and iwan
Blick auf den Liwan u.d. Diwanchane
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Remains of Harim Castle
ʿAyn Dara Temple, Colossal basalt lion
Jurn Kabir, a typical old house of the Euphrates valley near Qalʿat Najm with a large log (willow) transverse to the longitudinal axis.
Graves carved into the rocks, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author (German): Links oben wohl entweder ein Felssaal ähnlich dem in ('Ain) Manîn (s. Bild 0397 und 0402) oder ein Grab mit zerstörter Fassade. In der Bildmitte ganz unten ein recht verwittertes Grab des Ädikula-Typs ähnlich dem von Bild 0411 - 0413. ]
![Tall Brak, one of the earliest and largest cities in northern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC [Original photo name:eye temple4]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2Fshap_import_44758.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Tall Brak, one of the earliest and largest cities in northern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC [Original photo name:eye temple4]
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Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, general view of the site
Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex
Mosaic from monastery Dayr Zakka, upon Tall Bi'a; 86:22, Raq19900047.tif
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inscription
Khan al-Jumruk, exterior facade of the Khan's entrance
View of the roofs of houses in the old city of Aleppo
One of the poor neighborhoods in the old city of Aleppo, showing modest, informal rooftops filled with satellite receivers.
Afqa spring, sulfuric water of the historic bath
[Original: Efqa-Quelle]
The Great Colonnade in Palmyra, View to the south east
Palmyra, View from hilltop towards the Valley of the tombs and the palm groves
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the west section of the great hall
A manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Bayt Dallal, iwan with a wooden canopy
Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, decorative niches on the wall of a room
Neg. Nr. 83/5-33A/34
Bayt Ajiqbash, traditional furniture in the guest room (qaʿa)
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Qal‘at Shayzar (citadel), Archery road.
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, prayer hall
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
Basalt sphinx at the main entrance of ʿAyn Dara Temple
Windows above the western entrance of the Cathedral, today Tartus Museum
[Original: "Kathedrale Nôtre-Dame, zwei Fenster über dem Portal und ein krönendes drittes Fenster werden von eingestellten Säulen und Archivolten gerahmt"]
Remains of a courtyard at Ibn Mʿan Castle
Bimaristan Arghun, southern courtyard - view the dome pendantives and the iwan
At-Tabqa , Minaret of the Mosque at Jaʿbar Castle.
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Great Mosque, top of the minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
A crowd in the 'Afrin, at the time of the cotton harvest
Qanawat, Remains of the Temple of Zeus (Saraya)
Sarcophagus at Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman Museum
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, Weinspende-Grabreliquar, 6. Jh. (?)]
The village of Jurn Kabir before the region was flooded by the Tishrin dam
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Jamrin - The ancient bridge over Wadi az-Zaydi
View from the monastery entrance, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Blick etwa vom Klostereingang. Zu sehen ein Wasserkanal und hinten rechts davon ein Becken, vgl. Bild 0896 ! ]
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Throne Hall
North-East Syria: Weaving in a tent
A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
General view in Suq al-Hamidiyya, Old Damascus
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, prayer hall
Entrance of a hall in the religion complex of Mnin.
[ Description by author: Die große Halle und ihre Freitreppe, gesehen von ~ Westen. ]
Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat, an octagonal basin in the centre of the courtyard
Habuba Kabira, upper part of a cantilever dome construction
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace, stucco decorations
Floral frieze decoration, Raqqa II; Eastern East-Palace
Madrasat al-Firdaws, general view of the courtyard and the arcades
Damascus, Hammam al-Qaramani
A door - originally a high-lying window? Hammam al-Qaramani
Aerial photograph of Palmyra mountain ranges
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., view from nave, facing east to apse
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
The most decorated facade of the mosque which can be seen from afar.
Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus
[ Description by author: des Períbolos des ehemaligen Tempels des Jupiter Damascenus, gesehen von ~ Osten (= Innenseite). Am Tympanon ist rechts zu erkennen, dass es sich um einen "Syrischen Bogen" handelte. Vgl. Bild 0151 und 0152 ! ]
Bayt Ajiqbash, wooden decorated (ʿajami) ceiling in the iwan
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
[86/190/1240a] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. [Original on the back: 'ar-Raqqa, Grabüng Ost (1986), Westpalst'. 'Alt:10/86/39']
Installation of dyed warp threads for weaving in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a view of the courtyard and the southern arcade
Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)
Side of the Excavation
Mountains around Palmyra (parts of Palmyra Chains)
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain
View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque
View from far to the Monastery of Mar Taqla, Maʿlula
A picture of workers doing restorations in the Umayyad Mosque
Corridor, column
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
Great Mosque, Minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
Maqam Ughulbak, general view from the outside
The minaret of Balis Mosque, rebuilt near Maskana
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, section east-west, view to south
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
Hammam al-Bayyada, general plan
ʿAbd al-Qadir al-Jazaʿiri cenotaph, beside the Mausoleum of Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi
[ Description by author: Der Kenotaph für 'Abd al-Qâdir al-Jazâ'iri. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex (in situ)
Mosaic from monastery Dayr Zakka, upon Tall Bi'a; 70:16, Raq19900048.tif
Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription above ad-Darih
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs
Neg. Nr. 83/5-36A/37
Remains of the Praetorium, Balis (Barbalassos)
Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations
Palace D; Inst.Neg. 86/1426 Floral frieze decoration
A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Tower north of Bab Antakiya, a side of the defensive tower after the removal of infringements
The Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'' from the inside, Damascus
One of the Basilica aisles, is separated from the central courtyard by a row of arches based on columns, Basilica A, ar-Rusafa
[Original: 1945 Geschenk Prof. Friedrich Sarre]
In the storage and living area of the Bedouin tent in ad-Duwaym
The old woman is wearing a belt of tablet weaving.
Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani)
Rapid Condition/Damage Assessment File
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, Rapid Damage Assessment File, suggesting a recommendation class "RC" (acc. to European Norm EN 16096), including a condition assessment and proposed interventions
Daily scene in front of some shops in Raqqa
A side of Agora
[ Description by author: Gesehen nach West-Süd-West. Ist das hier der Altar, und der Mauerdurchbruch die Nische für das Götterbild / den Betyl ? ]
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
Details of Qashani tiles: floral and geometric designs, Mausoleum of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Dekor der Eck-Pilaster, vgl. Bild 0228 ! (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
Afamiya Theater, remains of the scaenae frons
Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations
Palace D; Inst.Neg. 86/1428 Floral frieze decoration
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, inscription
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
Qanawat, women in traditional dress at a well
Exterior northern facade and the entrance of at-Taynabiyya Mausoleum-Mosque
[ Description by author: mit dem Ersatz-"Minarett". ]
Decorated wooden door of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Damascus,Umayyad Mosque, pigeons in the courtyard
Pigeons in the courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque
Agricultural terraces in The Anti-Lebanon Mountains
View of the artificial pool and the Temple of Mushannaf
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Jacquard-cartons with holelines for weaving design patterns
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, Arabic inscription
Drawing of Maria and Jesus on the decorated wooden panels of the Aleppo Room, Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (1601-1603)
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico - Mamluk rank
General view over al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Ostabfall des Ansariyengebirges u. Ghab-Niederung]
A boy is presenting a woven Kilim tapestry made by his mother
General view of Husn Sulayman
Ar-Raqqa - Islamic coins discovered in the site of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Numairidian Coin; approx. 450 h.; Ra91-GrMo-8146 (B)
Eastern side of Damascus Gate, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
~ Ostseite, äußerer Abschnitt, gesehen von der Westseite nach ~ Süden. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Temple of Bel, 1st c. AD
This center of religious life was dedicated to the Mesopotamian weather god Baal. ISIS bombed he temple in 2015 .
Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Entrance gate to al-Kahf castle
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, general view
Part of the northern wall of the Damascus Citadel
Khan at-Tutun, courtyard
Summerrestaurant in Bludan
ar-Rusafa, Goat hair tent erected for a funeral service
Bayt Dallal, general view of the courtyard
Aghabani with customized geometric design combining leaves, flowers and branches
Habuba Kabira, mixture of sifted raw loam, chaff and water to produce clay bricks therefrom
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
Aleppo, Khan as-Sabun, view at eastern arcade in the first floor
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of eastern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, exterior facade
The street facade of the coffeehouse is unique for this kind of building regarding its openness, size and large-surface decoration.
The main mihrab of the mosque with mosaic decoration. The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here the mihrab in secondary space 07 is seen.
Citadel of Aleppo, Great Mosque - dome of the prayer hall
Decorated door lintel, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Der Türsturz der Anlage.- Die Farbe ganz rechts ist nachträglich eingesetzt: diese rechte Seite war grellweiß überstrahlt ! ]
Bab al-Hadid, south-west facade of the gate tower
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
ʿAyn al-Khadra, Village school from mud bricks, not used any more
Palmyra / Tadmur, General view of Baalshamin Temple
[Original: Baal-Schamin-Tempel, 130 - 150 n. Chr.]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - one of the windows on the northern facade
Upper part of the western facade, Maʿbad ad-Dumayr (Temple)
[Orignal: Wasserheiligtum, Dreiecksgiebel über Schmalseite]
VW-"beatle" in the center of the Ghab Plain
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), entrance of the prayer hall
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Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope
The altar of Nabu Temple, Palmyra
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
[1985/24/393] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.] . ["s.a. Dias"]
The window of cella, Baalshamin Temple, 2nd century AD
[ Description by author: Das Cella-Fenster von Bild 0786, gesehen von Nordosten. ]
Busra, Roman Theater
Khan Qurdbak, portico, facade of the northern portal and east-west cross-section
Size of plan 34 x 32. with ruler (no scale).
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - eastern facade
The foothills of Antilibanon- Mountains overlooking the Zabadani plain
Covered small alley in Halbun with traditional houses
Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
Remains of vaults in Halabiya-Zalabiya
A photo of archaeological remains belonging to the castle of Shayzar
Afamiya, the colonnaded axis (Cardo Maximus)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the dome of prayer hall (qibliyya)
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Starkes Tele, vielleicht sogar Tele + Konverter. Zum Standort s. Bild 0592, der Blick wäre dann von ~ Ost-Nord-Ost.. ['Zenobia Hotel (?),'] ]
Paintings in Hananiya church in Bab Tuma quarter
Paintings on the walls of a room in the church, that tell the story of Paul's missionary journeys between 46 and 62 AD.
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall, door of the khatib (orator) room
Busra, Hammam Manjak, niche in the hot section (juwwani)
Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
General view of the Great Colonnade (Shariʿ al-Aʿmida)
[ Description by author: 3. Abschnitt. Ganz links das Tempelgrab, ganz rechts der Tetrapylon und dahinter der Monumentalbogen. Unterhalb des Tempelgrabes ein Stück der Stadtmauer. Gesehen nach ~ Südosten. ]
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, section north-south, view to west
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window
The lower window is decorated with black and yellow masonry (ablaq) and joggled voussoirs. Two slim spiral columns flank the ablaq-masonry to each side. The window niche above has a rectangular shape and is surrounded bycarved palmette leaves and a zig-zag frieze. The small upper window is topped by a double row of muqarnas.
Excavation work, Madinat al-Far
View of the dam of the Assad reservoir of the Euphrates with its park
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
Khan Qurdbak, entrance - stone bench
Tall Dahab, Central hall house , sleeping platform in the foreground
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arched entrance built according to the ablaq system
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, small iwan - detail view of archway
Qunaytra, A general view shows remnants of destroyed buildings
Preparing dinner in the courtyard of a mud brick house in the outskirts of Raqqa
The upper part of the minaret, Qashani tiles, as-Sinaniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Der "Korb" für den Mu'azzin. ]
Badiyat ash-Sham, a small road
Traditional houses in Halbun
Tall al-Mishrifa (Qatna) within its geographic area
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas details
Damascus, an Arabic inscription on the gateway top of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Main entrance of the south facade of the church, Qarqbiza
[Original: "einschiffige Kirche, Haupttür der Südfassade (Villa des 3. Jhs. kurz vor 313 in Hauskirche umgewandelt - frühester datierbarer Sakralbau Syriens)"]
Irrigation fields of ʿAyn at-Tina in Qalamun (mountainous region in southwest Syria)
The village itself lies in the middle ground above the level of the irrigated field terraces: In the background, the Eocene limestone layer of the Jebel Maaloula with up to 1913 m above sea level.
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the east of prayer hall
Women wearing screen-printed headscarfs (Habari)
Part of archaeological remains, Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the main hall (qaʿa)
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Khan Qurdbak, western portico
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, portal gate
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Mosaic Aphrodite and Ares, Shahba Museum
Khan Dannun - Courtyard
A self-manufactured fulling machine at work producing a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription on the wall of Qastal
Afamiya, Remains of Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
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Zabadani Plains with trees and agriculture
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Restoration works
The Baths of Diocletian
[ Description by author: - aber was sollen dann die Säulen vorn ? Im Hintergrund der mittlere Abschnitt der Säulenstraße, die Bögen markieren den südlichen Eingang in die Rundstraße ums Theater. Die Außenseite von dessen Scaenae Frons erkennt man rechts hinter den Säulen. Gesehen von ~ Nordosten. ]
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Al-Madrasa ar-Rukniyya al-Barraniyya - the dome from inside
Habuba Kabira, construction of the base of a mud brick house
Al-Khubra lake in Jabal Says
The door of the qaʿa (guest room), Dada House
Tür v. Liwan zur Qa'a
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The minaret and the courtyard
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Decoration
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade - al-Midan
Cooling bread in the street before storage
General view of as-Sabuniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: mit Minarett und Eingangs-"Iwân". Die Madrasa stammt aus dem Jahre 1458 (1464 ?). Gesehen (wohl) von ~ Osten. ]
Face sculpture, Zenobia Hotel
[ Description by author: Eingelassen in einer Wand des Hotels. Vermutlich handelt es sich um ein Stück der Verschlussplatte eines Loculus, vgl. Bild 0857 ! ]
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila
Romam Gate (Peribolos) at the Straight Street, Old City of Damascus
[ Description by author: von Bild 0321, gesehen von ~ Osten. Der alte Fahrdamm ist heute ein "Park". ]
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - entrance blocked by a wall with a door opening surmounted by an arch
On the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
Bimaristan Arghun, inscription
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Relief decorated Frieze; National Museum Damascus from ar-Raqqa
Remains of walls and pillars, Mari (Tall al-Hariri)
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila, courtyard and ablution fountain
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Painting on the large wall cupboard door (samandāra) of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum of Ethnology
Raqqa countryside, a traditional wedding ceremony in Suwaydiyya Kabira village
Computer modeling of the Mount Hermon
[Original: Hermon Computeraufn.]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
Raqqa X; West Palace, aerial photo prob. taken by a crane
At-Taynabiyya Mosque, the upper part of the entrance is decorated with muqarnas and geometrical decorations
[ Description by author: Dekor. ]
Astrological relief panels on the ʿAyn Diwar bridge
Agriculture on a mountain slope in Jabal al-ʿArab
View from southwest, Agora
[ Description by author: Blick von ~ Südwesten diagonal über den Platz mit Resten der Portiken. Ganz rechts ein Durchgang zum Annex., vgl. Bild 0711 ! ]
Gold Dinar of the Kingdom of Syria, 21 mm, 1920
Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
[1985/50/750] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
A view of al-Marqab castle located on a high hill
Roman grave behind the monastery of Notre Dame de Saydnaya
[ Description by author: aus byzantinischer Zeit im Felssockel der Klosteranlage. Die Figuren erinnern an die der sog. "Hochzeit von Kana" in Qânâ / Libanon. ]
Altar of Nabu Temple from the northeast corner, Palmyra
[ Description by author: Gebälk-Dekor von der ~ Nordost-Ecke. ]
Busra Citadel - tower
General View of al-Bahramiyya Mosque
View at al-Hariqa district showing the south-western tower of Damascus Citadel
Spinning with a suspended spindle
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Palmyra, Remains of Allat Temple- Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-Ost: rechte Seite und Rückwand. Ganz links das Temenos-Tor. ]
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, general view of the vaults and pendentive
Cross vaults carrying domes, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
General view of Shumaymis castle (Qalʿat Shumaymis)
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain (restaurant)
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, general view from the minaret
Euphrates dam and Assad lake, Nahiyat at-Tabqa
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
Busra, Hammam Manjak, north wing with hot water reservoir during the restoration
North wing with hot water reservoir
Woman in the outskirts of Raqqa presenting an embroidered cushion sitting on the houses terrace
Tourist camels, Palmyra
[Original: Palmyra. Touristenkamele]
Çintamani motifs, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
The cathedral of Busra from the inside
HQ-k.9 Interior view, Arch,
Remains of the mosque of the western enclosure, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
[Original: Pavillon]
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view from the Citadel
al-Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya, Decorative details in the eastern facade
[ Description by author: und Schriftband an der Ostwand der Madrasa, vgl. Bild 0235 ! ]