Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan
[ G 88/ 19/ 236] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].(ref. http://www.esyria.sy/eraqqa/index.php?p=stories&category=todayimg&filename=201003152100042)
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Baking flat breads on the tannur wall (tannur deepened in the ground)
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Aerial photograph of Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains) with Barada valley
Ghuta of Damascus, an alley in one of the villages
The minaret of Great Mosque of ar-Raqqa/ar-Rafiqa, 8th/12th c.
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, a groin vault in the entrance
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The village al-ʿAmarna, with the tall (left) and the Euphrates plain in the back
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the main facade with muqarnas and rich decorations
Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman), Mosaic
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, Bodenmosaik (4. - 7. Jh., aus den Toten Städten)]
Main entrance of Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
Orchards in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi mausoleum on the foot Qasyon mountain
Turbat ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi written on the photos back ['F 80. Wulzinger-Nachlaß WU F80']
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the red hall (qaʿa)
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the Great Iwan)
Palmyra, Baal Temple - Temenos wall with propylaeum and view towards the oasis
Remains of the entrance of al-Walid palace, Qasr Says in Jabal Says
Architectural remains of Dayr (Monastery) Subat, al-Bara
Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations
Palace D; Inst.Neg. 86/1428 Floral frieze decoration
Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus
![Painting of Euphrates river at Tibne. Dated 15.02.1899 [Original: Euphrat bei Tibne]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_6692-1024x649.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Painting of Euphrates river at Tibne. Dated 15.02.1899 [Original: Euphrat bei Tibne]
Habuba Kabira, water reservoir for field-irrigation, in the background motor pump of the well
Afamiya, a side of ruins
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Jamiʿ al-Maydani, the minaret
At-Taynabiyya Mosque, the upper part of the entrance is decorated with muqarnas and geometrical decorations
[ Description by author: Dekor. ]
Women and children (of a family of former nomads) in one of the Upper Euphrates Valley villages
Madrasat al-Firdaws, mausoleum - inscription above wall cabinet
General view of the monuments of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Der Hintergrund von Bild 0800. Links die Säulenstraße, 3. Abschnitt, dann der Tetrapylon, dahinter der Monumentalbogen. Rechts vom Tetrapylon das Theater, darüber die vier Säulen der Diokletiansthermen. Noch weiter rechts, nach der Kolonnade, die Agora mit ganz rechts dem Bankettsaal. Hinter all dem das Areal des Bel-Tempels, ganz im Hintergrund der Salzsee von Palmyra. ]
Women wearing screen-printed headscarfs (Habari)
Pointed arch in the Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Drought in the Barada River, Old Damascus
One of the towers of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Ghuta of Damascus, olive trees in a grove
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, section east-west
Size of plan 70 x 50 . with ruler (no scale).
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, the baptistery
Fortification of Halabiyya
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
General view of Safita city
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay
[ Description by author: der Umayaden-Moschee, gesehen durch zwei Säulen des Períbolos des ehemaligen Jupiter-Tempels. Die Bögen links sind arabisch unter Verwendung antiker Säulen und Kapitelle. Gesehen vom Ostende der Haupstraße vom Sûq nach ~ Südosten. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font.
Street vegetable hawker, ar-Raqqa
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure for calcination of gypsum (1st step), fuel is placed on a natural gypsum layer
(See also 2nd and 3rd step of calcination of gypsum)
View of Masyaf Castle
Khan al-Jumruk, view of the mosque in the center of the Khan's courtyard
Habuba Kabira, entrance side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)
Remains of fortifications in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Hubert Mezannar, son of Antoine Elias Mezannar. In the background is the certificate of a gold medal, the family won in 1936 on an international fair
At the beginning of the 20th century, Antoine Mezannar brought mechanical looms from Lyon with electric motors to Damascus and became one of the first consumers of electricity in Damascus.
Raqqa - excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace
Raqqa VII; Eastern East Palace
Loopholes in the fortifications of Halabiyya
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
Near Tall Tamir, an Assyrian village, courtyard of a house with two later flattened domes of the original building
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Busra, Roman Theater surrounded by the Islamic Citadel
Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations
Palace D; Inst.Neg. 86/1426 Floral frieze decoration
Ar-Rusafa, Decoration details on the inner facade of the North Gate
The Byzantine basilica, view from the south, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: der byzantinischen Basilika, gesehen von ~ Süden. Links ein Stück der Südwestwand, rechts schaut man durch die eingestürzte Südost-Wand in die Gewölbe. Der Stein unter dem Bord links entspricht in seiner Höhe genau dem Stein rechts: der ganze Zwischenraum ist als Mauer zu denken. ]
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - eastern facade
An aerial photograph of the village of Shaykh Hilal
The picture shows the distribution of buildings according to a rectilinear plan, and it is possible to identify many of the domed houses and houses with flat roofs that contain gardens.
Al-Bara, pyramid tomb A, 6th c. AD
The Mausoleum A with its pyramid-shaped roof lies in the middle of oil plantations. The wealth of the region was based on the production of olives.
Decorated wooden panels of the Aleppo Room, Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin (1601-1603).
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades
Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard
A shepherd with his herd and tourists
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Bayt Ajiqbash, the splendid decorated iwan
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Busra - Hammam Manjak - bathing niches in the hot section (Juwwani)
Afamiya, Architectural component with showing ionic elements
A staircase in Ibn Maʿn Castle
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Remains of Harim Castle
Great Mosque, view at courtyard in 2018
View of the inner courtyard during the restoration works and the rubble processing, especially the rubble of the destroyed minaret.
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, an inscription above the entrance gate
Bedouin movement in al-Hawl area with donkeys, camels and a litter
In the chruch Saint Simeon Stylites, 5th century AD
Garbage and dirt accumulation in a canal, the Ghouta of Damascus
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, double arcade front of the prayer hall
Remains of the Byzantine tower incorporated into the Umayyad complex at Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (Palace)
[ Description by author: und rechts Eingang in den Innenhof, gesehen von ~ Südosten. Der "Balkon" am "Turm" ist eine Toilette - zumindest ist das so bei den Eremiten-Türmen des Kalksteinmassivs in Nordsyrien. Und bei den alten Dhaus in den Emiraten und 'Omân habe ich ganz ähnliches gesehen ....... ]
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the east section of the great hall
A distant view of Masyaf castle and town
A herd of sheep drinks near the Barada spring
Maʿlula, traditional hillside houses with galleries during the 1960s
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, decoration details in the double arcade
Maps of Aleppo: Sectoral concentration of trade and craft, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Sectoral concentration of trade and craft in the area of ancient city. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend. [Original in German: Aleppo: Branchenkonzentration von Handel und Gewerbe im Bereich Altstadt | Karte 4] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 /2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
General view of the complex constisting of a church and a palace of Qasr Ibn Wardan
[Original: sakraler Zentralbau und Palast, Palast, 564]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, details of lobed octagonal basin
General view of the architectural remains, Sirjilla
Prestige facade of the lower northern cardo (colonnaded axis) at Afamiya
"Säulenstraße, 1,8 km lang und 37,5 m breit, nördlicher Abschnitt (glatte Säulenschäfte mit korinthischen Kapitellen) nach 115 n.Chr."
ʿAyn Dara Temple, Colossal basalt lion
Hiraqla victory monument - plan of ground level
Reconstruction drawing of gound level. Plan showing construction system. (with ruler)
A woman in a rural area with traditional clothes
Burj as-Saʿa, inscription
Aleppo: Citadel, Palace, 13 C.
Khan Qurdbak, detail of a window in the iwan
Topographical map collection "UAR North (Syrian) region, district El Furāt" of 1960
Photographic reproduction of a topographic map of ar-Raqqa area, scale 1:25.000 (Partley corrected by hand into scale 1:20.000). Based on combined contour/ stereo-topographic survey of 1959. Clarke's ellipsoid of 1880. Lambert's coordinates system (Levant's zone). Mediterranean height system (Beirut's)
The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel
Shahba, View to the historic center of the town
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), Mamluk Rank
A colorful marble niche in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277. Mihrab-Nische mit Marmorinkrustationen]
Production of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration in a Syrian workshop
Mohammad Haj Qab decorates the arch of the Syrian embassy in Bonn in 1992
Raqqa, Northeast Complex, coin found during the excavation
Tahir; Coin; approx. 199 h.; Ra-83-NO-06
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (English)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
A Jacquard-loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette
View from Masyaf Castle towards the city
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, eastern Qaʿa, section north-south, view to east
"Small" qaa, view to east, double window partly reconstructed in drawing. Size of plan 70 x 50, with ruler (no scale).
Lower basin of the waterfalls of Tall Shihab
Restaurant with terrasse and fountain in Mnin
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance
Jabal ʿAruda on the right bank of the Euphrates
Making falafel sandwiches
Fresco on the western wall of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Jüngstes Gericht an der Westwand, Details. Drei Register der linken Seite, in der Mitte vier Mal "Abrahams Schoß". Interessant ist die Figur unten rechts, die etwas "von oben" empfängt: ihre Harartracht erinnert sehr an die von Bild 0483 ! Dort vermutete ich eine Dornenkrone, das trifft hier aber gewiss nicht zu ! ]
General view of Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: sakraler Zentralbau und Palast, Palast]
Mari (Tall al-Hariri), The Archive Hall in the Palace of Zimri lim
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, damage mapping (Arabic)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Church of Saint Simeon Stylites is composed of four churches forming a cross
Khan Qurdbak, Ground floor plan, reduced copy with ruler
Ground floor, [14]. size of plan 60 x 40 .with ruler (no scale) .
In the storage and living area of the Bedouin tent in ad-Duwaym
The old woman is wearing a belt of tablet weaving.
Excavation work in Tall Brak
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
Tall Aswad; relief decorated pottery
The entrance of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya is richly decorated with ablaq masonry, a muqarnas vault and inscriptions
View of the Mediterranean Sea, Tartus
Windows above the western entrance of the Cathedral, today Tartus Museum
[Original: "Kathedrale Nôtre-Dame, zwei Fenster über dem Portal und ein krönendes drittes Fenster werden von eingestellten Säulen und Archivolten gerahmt"]
At the peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
Hand printed fabric combining plant and animal motifs
Funerary temple, Palmyra
Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall
[Original: Ausgrabung Kai Kohlmeyer]
Tomb of the three Brothers, 2nd c.
The colourful fresco of the subterranean burial chamber present mythological creatures. Local and Roman artistic traditions were joined together.
Piece in the courtyard, terrace of the northern riwaq.
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall - octagonal neck of the dome
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, Hama
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Innenseite, gesehen von ~ Nordosten. Vgl. Bild 1607 !
Wedding party in a street in Mukhayyam al-Yarmuk in Damascus
Afamiya, Northern Roman baths
Krak des Chevaliers, courtyards
Sirjilla, two-storeyed andron
[Original: Andron mit doppelgeschossiger Vorhalle, von Konsolenkapitellen getragen, 6. Jh.]
General view of al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya (the coastal mountains) covered by forests
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Ceiling ornament, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the east section of the great hall
Suq Aslan Dada, rebuilding of northern entrance, view towards south
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
Upper Barada valley in Jibal Lubnan ash-Sharqiyya (Anti-Lebanon Mountains)
The north western corner of the peribolos wall, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Aber welche ? Die Form des Mauerwerks und des Porikus sprechen für die Nordwest-Ecke und nachmittags / abends wäre eine derartige Beleuchtung möglich.- Wenn diese Überlegung stimmt, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
View of a village on the slopes of mountainous hill, al-Furat al-Aʿla (Upper Euphrates Valley)
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco on the ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.
Small river in Baniyas
A herd of sheep in one of the streets in Raqqa
Raqqa, Raqqa, Bedouin family in their tent
The Bedouin family lived in their tent next to the excavation of the German Archaeological Institute, as they were initially the official guards.
Ebla (Tall Mardikh), basalt basin was often used for the purposes of worship
(Kult)Wanne. Sie erinnert an die aus Mishrifa, vgl. Bild 0968 ! Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, interior view of the prayer hall dome
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Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, entrance portal, building ornaments made of carved stones
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, decorative niches on the wall of a room
Neg. Nr. 83/5-33A/34
Building the walls of the example dome house in Taanayel (Libanon)
The picture shows the ready mud bricks and the first stage of building the walls of the traditional Syrian dome house in Taanayel
Old rural house, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: mit Dekor, irgendwo im Ort (der GPS-Tag soll nur den Ort angeben). ]
ʿAyn al ʿArus, Stone arcades
Face sculpture, Zenobia Hotel
[ Description by author: Eingelassen in einer Wand des Hotels. Vermutlich handelt es sich um ein Stück der Verschlussplatte eines Loculus, vgl. Bild 0857 ! ]
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the outer entrance and the minaret
Preparing dinner in the courtyard of a mud brick house in the outskirts of Raqqa
Stonework in the Citadel of Damascus
Graves carved into the rocks, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author (German): Links oben wohl entweder ein Felssaal ähnlich dem in ('Ain) Manîn (s. Bild 0397 und 0402) oder ein Grab mit zerstörter Fassade. In der Bildmitte ganz unten ein recht verwittertes Grab des Ädikula-Typs ähnlich dem von Bild 0411 - 0413. ]
Drawings of an Ikat design
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Bayt Ghazala, interior view - dome of the main hall (qaʿa)
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - view of dome pendentives
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the dome from outside
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Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
A road in a village in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
The Mihrab of at-Taynabiyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Der Mihrâb oder ein Mihrâb der Moschee. Vermutlich konnte ich ihn nur sehen, weil sich die Moschee in Restauration befand. ]
Traditional house in neighborhood "al-Almaji"
Traditional two-storey house from the late Ottoman period (19th century?): the main stonework façade on the upper floor is symmetrically accentuated by a leap forward wooden oriel, the "Kishk".
Busra, Interior view of the Roman Theatre and Ayyubid Citadel
Orchestra und Scenae Frons, gesehen von ~ Süden. Das Theater stammt aus dem 2. Jh. und ist eines der größten und besterhaltenen der römischen Welt. Es fasste ca. 15000 Zuschauer. Vgl. Bild 3802 !
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, prayer hall (old Midan)
A typical Friday breakfast table in Damascus
Ash-Shaykh Hasan Mausoleum
Photo of Mausoleum des Gouverneur Ahmad Pasha, in Maidan
The donjon and the corner tower of Yahmur Castle
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, apse of east basilica
Columns belong to the Great Colonnade
[ Description by author: bis zum Monumentalbogen, linke Seite. Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. Alle Zuordnungen sind hypothetisch ! ]
Signboard of Afqa bath in Palmyra
[Original: Straßenschild, Schwefelquelle]
Windows on the monastery's facade, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: in der "Fassade" - ein gewisses ästhetisches Bemühen ist unverkennbar, leider haben Felsabbrüche viel vernichtet. ]
East part of suq al-Nuri (?)
Habuba Kabira, mixture of sifted raw loam, chaff and water to produce clay bricks therefrom
Great Mosque, damage mapping
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - aerial photo of the West Palace
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
Maronite Cathedral, main entrance
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Wakil house, dome of the reception hall from the inside
The room drew light through a series of windows surrounding the dome's neck, as well as from the colored openings in the dome, which are shaped like circles and stars.
Qal‘at Shayzar (Citadel), the upper part of the entarnce.
A door of room beside the Iwan of Quwatli House
Liwan. Seitentür
Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says
Part of the remains of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Zayzun waterfalls of a tributary to Yarmuk river, which is there the border between Syria and Jordan
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, ablutions fountain
Nahiyat at-Tabqa, Euphrates Dam
Baalshamin Temple - cella, 2nd c. AD
[ Description by author: Oberer Teil des Thalamos in der Cella, gesehen durch das Portal. ]
Engraving on copper in Suq Midhat Basha
View of an orchard in the Ghuta of Damascus
Two workshops for the manufacture and sale of iron tools in Raqqa
Qalb Lawza, Basilica, 5th c., view of main facade from south-west
Here we can see the main façade, the central part of which, with its large round arch, has collapsed, giving a view of the narthex (vestibule). The imposing church has a raised central nave and wide arcades that open onto the side aisles. This basilica suffered relatively little damage.
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, prayer hall
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Painting on the large wall cupboard door (samandāra) of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum of Ethnology
A view in Suq al-Buzuriyya, Old City of Damascus
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
The monastery of Mar Taqla
ar-Rusafa, general view of Basilica B, cisterns and city wall
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
South-Thermae, Forecourt before Renewal
General view from outside, Jamiʿ Manjak
Remains of a house, Qarqbiza
View of the Euphrates River, Raqqa
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance
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Threshing in Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain): farmers are separating wheat from chaff
Salkhad - The Ayyubid minaret
Az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum in al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
[ Description by author: ~ Südwand mit dem Mihrâb. Unten links ein Stück des Grabes. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
Sulphurous karst spring of the Khabur at Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Busra Citadel and the railway of the Hijaz line
In the Euphrates valley in Jurn Kabir, shepherd herding the flocks of his village
Bab al-Maqam, general view
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan
General view to the lower parts of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
View from the portico towards the entrance of dome hall, al-ʿAzm Palace
A woman showing a woven saddle bag with embroidery
Hinterland of Yabrud in the early sixties: Ploughing with wooden plough, pulled by two horses
Capital of column, courtyard of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Kapitell. Auch von der Höhe her der ideale Gartentisch ....... ]
Exterior view of Hammam al-Qaramani, dome of frigidarium (barrani)
[ Description by author: Süd- oder West-Seite. Vgl. Bild 0139 ! ]
Bayt Wakil, iwan - decoration above a room's door
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, horizontal sundial
A fountain rich in geometric decorations in the northern arcade of the courtyard, Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Courtyard with fountain in the family wing (so called haramlik or juwwani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Qalʿat al-Marqab, Fresco in ceiling of chapel sacristy, 12th C.
Mosque, interior view with mihrab and minbar.
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The minaret of Jamiʿ (Mosque) ash-Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din Ibn ʿArabi
[ Description by author: Da dieses Bild von der Filmnummer zwischen dem Darwîsch-Kloster (Bild 0356) und der Moschee Shaikh Mûhi d-Dîn al-'Arabi (Bild 0358) steht, dürfte es sich um das MInarett eines der beiden Gebäude handeln. ]
Busra, Decumanus maximus looking west from the nymphaeum
Remains of the city wall of Halabiyya fortress on the bank of the Euphrates
Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction
Al-Asad artificial lake, view to the Tabqa dam
Boats trip on the Euphrates River, near Jabal ʿAruda
A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, prayer hall (qibliyya), window above the prayer niche
Khan Dannun, arcade
Shard of colored pottery, ar-Raqqa Museum
Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the North Gate
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
Exterior view to east
Afamiya, remains of colossal columns
shap_import_44109
Lintel of the main entrance of the Church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Tympanon der südlichen Tür]
Hand carved wood block used for printing fabrics
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
Hama, The historic alley leading to al-ʿAzm Palace
A view from Jabal ʿAruda toward the plain of Manbij
Hadrian’s Arch, 3rd century AD, view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street
Jamiʿ(mosque) al-Hanabila - north-south section with the prayer hall, courtyard, and the minaret
Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation
Raqqa II; capitals (found near city wall or in debris?)
Great Mosque, Minaret
The minaret of the Great Mosque was commissioned by the judge (qadi) of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk dynasty in Syria. The beginning of its construction is indicated in the inscription at the base and the completion date is found at the top: 483 and 489 AH[11] / 1090 and 1096 AD. It existed until 2013. The minaret is a square shape, its shaft is approximately 45 m high and made of limestone. On its upper edge, there is a cornice formed by two rows of flat arched niches lavishly adorned by floral elements. This is topped by an open wooden gallery for the muezzin (prayer caller) and a short tower with cupola. Between the base and the top, the minaret is divided into four zones of varying height. Those are, except for the second one, decorated with blind arches formed by profiled mouldings each running uninterruptedly around the minaret’s shaft. Each zone is separated by friezes with calligraphic, artistically written, Arabic inscriptions. These exquisitely carved inscriptions are written in floriated Kufi – a script style distinguished by bold letters adorned with floral motifs – and in Naskhi script. At the base of the minaret is the signature of the architect Hasan ibn Mufrih al-Sarmani written inside a cartouche. The inscription from the minaret’s base shows that the local Aleppine judge and the Seljuk governor shared power in the city, as their names are mentioned together: “The mosques of God are only to be maintained by those who believe in God and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakat [(alm-tax); Quran 9:18]. It was started to be built by the High Judge Ibn al-Khashshab Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khashshab, may God have mercy on him. In the days of al-Amin al-ʿAjal al-Muzaffar Qasim al-Dawla wa-Nasir al-Mila Abi Saʿid Aqsunqur Bak, the slave of the Commander of the Faithful, may God enhance his supporters”. The upper inscriptions indicate the names of the then ruling Seljuk sultans Malikshah I and Tutush, and of Barakat ibn Faris, commander of the urban militia.
View from Temple of the Standards
[Original: Blick von der Principia auf die Ausgrabungen (Principia = official places of the army officers)]
Remains of the Byzantine church at Qarqbiza
[Original: einschiffige Kirche, Südseite]
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in al-Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Palmyra, Colonnaded axis and Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan in the back
A crowd in the 'Afrin, at the time of the cotton harvest
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the east of prayer hall
Jarada, tower
An irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - entrance and Qastal
Other names are Mosque of Shields or Mosque of Bab-Antakya,
A boy in a metal workshop in Raqqa
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Stadttor]
A photo of a residential quarter in the city of Tartus
Bayt Ajiqbash, window stone decoration of the courtyard facade
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Luster ceramic bowl from ar-Raqqa; National Museum Damascus; Mus.Nr.13076
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, interior view of az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
Jurn Kabir, children at the sabil of a private house, where people passing find potable water
The western entrance of Maʿbad (temple) ad-Dumayr
[ Description by author: ~ Westseite. Sehr schön ist der in islamischer Zeit zugemauerte und mit einer Schießscharte versehene Eingang zu erkennen. Vgl. Bild 0380 ! ]
Jamiʿ ad-Darwishiyya, framed window with a decorative strip, topped by an ornamental arch
[ Description by author: mit Bordüre. ]
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Upper part of the gate tower,
Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, muqarnas decoration on the prayer niche
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, exterior view of northern facade - entrance, minaret and garden
The view of a wall in Shayzar Castle shows three tipped arched niches, each with an entrances and a window.
Masbanat al-Jubayli, the soap cubes after cutting
The arranged and cut-out Aleppo soap in the upper floor of the soap manufactory which is located in a historic building.
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), entrance of the prayer hall
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Madrasat al-Firdaws, the southern hall
Busra, the Roman theater stage is surrounded by the Islamic citadel
On the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, portal gate
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
Tomb of Az-Zahir Ghazi and his family.
The façade of the cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa, the museum of Tartus today
![Tall Brak, one of the earliest and largest cities in northern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC [Original photo name:eye temple4]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2Fshap_import_44758.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
Tall Brak, one of the earliest and largest cities in northern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC [Original photo name:eye temple4]
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Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Castle), Inscription
Traditional houses near as-Sajur river
Doppelraumgrundriss
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Stucco panels on the walls of an Abbasid building in Kharab Sayyar
Dome of the mausoleum (turba) and madrasa of Amat al-Latif daughter of the an-Nasih al-Hanbali
[Original: ( mm 84 )]
A side of Krak des Chevaliers
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, small iwan - detail view of archway
Bayt Junblat, the large courtyard and iwan
A view of the large courtyard of Junblat house, and in the center there is a large water basin built from the outside in the style of Ablq, in which stone rows alternates between yellow and black color. The iwan in the picture is one of the highest in traditional Aleppo houses. The iwan is covered with blue and white glazed ceramic tiles.
East side of the old suqs.
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, Building ornaments at the entrance
Suq Aslan Dada, view of the Mamluk coat of arms (rank) at the north entrance after completion of the rebuilding work
Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara
View towards Qalʿat al-Qadmus (al-Qadmus Citadel)
Big stairs lead to the upper floor, Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Die große Rampe im Nordwestteil des Palastes (nach rechts geht es zur großen Treppe). Auf einem Internet-Bild wird sie als (Rampe einer) "Ziggurat" bezeichnet, dann stünden wohl der Rote Tempel / Ishtar-Tempel D auf dieser Ziggurat. Arber: wie passt das mit dem Palast zusammen ? Oder stammt diese Ziggurat aus der zweiten Blütezeit von Ebla und hat den Palast (teilweise) überlagert ? [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Northwest corner of Nabu Temple
[ Description by author: ~ Nordwest-Ecke. In der Mitte das Podium des Tempels, vorn zwei Säulen und viele Basen der ~ West-Kolonnade des Tempelhofes. Hinten rechts die Propyläen, ganz hinten links die arabische Bastion des Bel-Tempels. ]
Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit, view from al-Jisr al-Abyad square
Decorated wooden door of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Halabiyya, entrance to the Praetorium, which is integrated into the city wall and dates from the time of Justinian.
Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak
(Bath) Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit - plan
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
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Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, general view of the madrasa from the Great Mosque minaret
ʿAyn Diwar, The Zengid bridge on the Tigris
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance
Stone coffins in the Southern Palace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Wie Bild 1175, diesmal nach ~ Osten gesehen. Man beachte die "Becken" (Särge ?) zwischen den Orthostaten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Jaʿbar castle, southern side of the castle
Vaulted entrance, Qalʿat Harim from the interior
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
Qalb Lawza Basilica, illustration of the assumed construction method
Drawing of a perspective section of the basilica showing an idea of its former construction.
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace
[86/190/1240a] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. [Original on the back: 'ar-Raqqa, Grabüng Ost (1986), Westpalst'. 'Alt:10/86/39']
Bimaristan Arghun, passageway
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Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq
Yabrud, Residential house with covered terrace (riwaq)
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, The courtyard with vaulted arcades
Habuba Kabira, the new dome house has received its first plaster layer
Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Zumindest Rückwand des Raumes rechts der Apsis: Fresko eines Heiligen, Ich wäre geneigt, die Buchstaben als "Abraham" zu lesen - aber wird der so recht jugendlich mit Heiligenschein dargestellt ? ]
Euphrates dam and Assad Lake in at-Tabqa
Qanawat, view of the nymphaeum
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tomb with arabic inscription
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, the prayer niche (mihrab)
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This view of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya shows the dome with two drums
Safita, The Donjon of the Templars with a chapel in the ground floor
A side of Damascus Citadel during the restoration works
Habuba Kabira, screening of barley as seed by the grandmother
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, portal gate
An abandoned rural noria on the Orontes river
In the rural area of an-Nasiriyya, north of Hama, there are remnants of a noira on the Orontes River, where its stone base and remnants of the aqueduct with its pillars appear.
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq after the destruction, view towards east
Feast of the excavation with musicians playing the local music with mizmar (local oboe) and big drum
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, northern facade - marble plaque dated 1315 AH and sealed by the Sultan Abd al-Hamid Khan (Tughra)
Fruitful trees and corn in the Ghouta of Damascus
Roman capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
Spolie am größeren Bau im Hof. Auch hier zweifle ich - wegen der Assymmetrie - ob es sich ursprünglich um ein Säulenkapitell handelt. Und die "Flachheit" des Dekors - kein Akanthus-"Korb", sondern eher ein "übergezogenes Netz", läßt an frühe arabische Kapitelle (z.B. 'Anjar) denken ....... [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
At that time the Bedouin tent was in the village ad-Duwaym in Nahyat al-Yarabiyya
The family belongs to the famous old Tayy-tribe.
Euphrates valley south of Qalʿat Najm as it looked before the flooding of lake Tishrin
Details of Qashani tiles: floral and geometric designs, Mausoleum of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Dekor der Eck-Pilaster, vgl. Bild 0228 ! (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
A boat trip in the Euphrates, near Jabal ʿAruda
Habuba Kabira, in the courtyard clay bricks are lying out to dry
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
Bayt Dallal, decorated stone of the well
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - fountain
Balcony above main portal of Khan al-Harir
Palmyra, Grave in Diocletian Camp
[ Description by author: Eingang zu einem Grab in der Nähe des Fahnenheiligtums. Vgl. Bild 0760 ! ['~ kein Datum !] ]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, muqarnas decorating a niche on the right side of the prayer hall's entrance
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the hall dome
Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018
The modern city was heavily destroyed by bomb attacks on the "capital" of the IS in 2017.
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, prayer hall - the muqarnas squinch of the dome
ʿIsa minaret in the south-eastern corner of the Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: gesehen von ~ Norden und römische Reste an der Ostseite der Moschee. Die Tür Bild 0161 befindet sich, wenn ich mich richtig erinnere, hinter dem Betrachter in der rechten Mauer. ]
A grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
The Royal Palace G, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Mittlerer und oberer Teil. Gesehen nach ~ Südwesten [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Panel with flower bouquet, from an unknown house near Bab Saghir, Damascus, presumably first half 18th century
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, minaret
The minaret is of the Anatolian style, with a square base, octagonal drum, and cylindrical shaft ornamented with zig-zags and blind arches. It dates to later in the 14th/8th century and was not constructed as part of the original mosque. the minaret reconstrued in 1946.(archnet.org) The minaret had suffered severe damage during the conflict in Aleppo (2012-2016) and eventually collapsed.
The Straight Street with Roman Arch and Minaret Al-'Umari
Nomad tents on the outskirts of the Ghuta of Damascus
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
Shops for buying traditional utensils in Raqqa
Parking spaces infront of the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
View of courtyard facade [Original: Privathaus, Innenhof] Pl. Nr. Aufnahme Enderlein, Foto-Verz. Nr. 11028 A 18
Habuba Kabira, master builder and his helper constructing the walls of a mud brick house
A view of Royal Palace G, Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, facade and entrance of the prayer hall
An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel
[ Description by author: auf der Ostseite des Nordost-Turms (vgl. Bild 0143 !). Mit der Inschrift habe ich Probleme: nach dem Rahmen scheint sie mir aus späterer türkischer Zeit, ca. 19.Jh., zu stammen - aber der Text scheint mir Arabisch und nicht Osmanli zu sein. Auf jeden Fall steht sie unter einem älteren - mamlukischen ? - Relief(band). Zu erkennen sind zwei - gegenständige ? - Löwen, unter dem rechten ein junger Löwe. Darunter eine Art Muqarnas. ]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
[1985/24/393] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.] . ["s.a. Dias"]
Forests in the Syrian Coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
[Original: Ansariyengebirge]
Jamiʿ ar-Rumi, general view from the minaret
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Gate Tower
Jabʿadin, the rock wall at Sinnir mountain
Jurn Kabir, in the center of a traditional double-room house (areas for living, sleeping, supplies, kitchen)
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites - Jabal (mountain) Samʿan
Terrace of Ishtar or Lions Terrace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Davor ein Teil des Gebäudes PS. Im Hintergrund links das Fort V (vgl. Bild 1194 - 1199 !) und rechts das Gebäude (Palast ?) Z (vgl. Bild 1193 !). Der Blick geht von ~ der Akropolis nach ~ West-Nord-West. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Khan Qurdbak, entrance
Tower north of Bab Antakiya, a side of the defensive tower after the removal of infringements
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view from Saray
Aghabani table cloth
Palmyra, scenery in the valley of the tombs, showing a group of tower tombs
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, entrance with half-dome and muqarnas
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of the prayer hall showing the minbar
Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the west of prayer hall
Palmyra, Sarcophagus, Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: in der Nähe des Fahnenheiligtums. [' 26/03/2002 (?)'] ]
General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
[ Description by author: Tele + Ausschnitt. Blick von ~ Südosten. Der Standort muss nicht der angegebene sein: jeder Punkt auf dieser Linie zwischen Hauptstraße und Stadtmauer ist möglich ....... ['Zenobia Hotel (?),'] ]
Afamiya, remains of the colonnaded street (Cardo Maximus)
A building belongs to Qal‘at Shayzar
The barrani (frigidarium) section of Hammam Manjak, Busra
Domed room of the reception wing, view from east
Shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya, currently selling candles for the Palm Sunday procession
Dayr Zakka (monastery), porch (narthex) of the church with mosaic floor, 6th C.
This mosaic dates back to 509 AD. [von 509 n.Chr.]. [Kalla (1999) 134]: [Gabor Kalla: Christentum am oberen Euphrat. Das byzantinische Kloster von Tall Bi'a. in: Antike Welt 30/2 (1999)].
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, muqarnas decorating the upper part of the entrance
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, osman. (heute Mosaiken-Museum)]
Diversity of vegetation and protruding rocks in the Syrian coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Bayt Ghazala, fountain in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
[Original: B88- Film II]
Palmyra, Valley of the tombs
at-Takiyya ar-Rifaʿiyya (az-Zawiyaal-Ikhlasiyya ), inscription above the main entrance
Inscription_Separaiting Sheet. 82/II
Khan al-Wazir, main entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr, Halab / Aleppo. Er stammt aus dem Jahre 1682. Hier die Außenfassade. Vgl. Bild 1250 ! Ob sie wirklich auf der Westseite der Anlage ist, ist mir nicht (mehr) ganz klar, aber die Beschreibung im Guide Bleu "Middle East" (Eingang an einem kleinen Platz mit Moschee am Ende) macht es wahrscheinlich.'].
Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani)
½ piastre, 21 mm, 1921 (French Mandate)
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, caves
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate (Bab) as seen from outside the fence
Raq19820005.tif
The historical sulfur Afqa Spring
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten bei der Ankunft in Palmyra. Diese Quelle war die wichtigste des Ortes und bewässerte bis in die 1990er - seither ist sie versiegt - die Oase mit dem Palmenhain. Die Palmyrener legten an ihr unterirdische Bankettsäle an (Eingänge sichtbar auf den folgenden Bildern !) und stellten viel Altäre und Ex-Votos für die Gottheit der Quelle auf (ibidem). Das Wasser war leicht schwefelig. ]
Hammam Bahram Basha, the entrance facade
Tall Tamir, Mews of a huge farmstead
Maronite Cathedral, general view of the main entrance
Restoration of a part of a decorated wooden panel with ‘Ajami decoration of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat Shugr wa Bekas from the inside.
Habuba Kabira, plastering of the domes after completion of the shell
Installation of dyed warp threads for weaving in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard and western facade - main hall's (qaʿa) facade
Hof mit Bahra und Qa'a-Front
Minaret of the great mosque, (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman
und Bauten aus Spolien im Innenhof. [Original: Ma'arat an-Nu'mân (Arra)']
Entrance towers on the west side, Harim Castle
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, Ibshir Mustafa Pasha and bathhouse of Bahram Pasha facades
The facades of the coffeehouse of the Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (left part) and the earlier bathhouse of Bahram Pasha (right side) have an extensively decorated exterior, facing one another on the street that runs east-to-west at the south of the waqf complex, which became the most decorated public street space in Aleppo.
Traditional production of animal glue
General view of Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
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An aerial view of Ibn Maʿn's castle located on one of the highest mountains of Palmyra
صورة أقمار صناعية تظهر موقع كنيسة الحصن في البارة، 2021
In the living compartment of the semi-nomadic family's tent (from Maskana region)
Aerial photograph of the Bel Temple and old village houses in front of the temple
al-Lajat region, Basalt stone into agricultural area
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the current prayer hall was part of ِAleppo's Byzantine cathedral
The damage of al-Hallawiyya prayer hall that contain an exedra of the Byzantine cathedral of St. Helena (5th CE.). During the war, the monument was damaged and plundered.
Palmyra, Hadrian’s Arch, , 3rd century A.D., view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street
The triumphal arc was constructed in honour of the Roman emperor Hadrian and linked the colonnaded street to the Temple of Baal. In 2015, ISIS destroyed the arch.
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
Bayt al Haj Musa (cad. no. VII 2060 and 2056)/ Reduced ground plan with ruler
Built structures under a mamluk qa'a that was destroyed before 19th century, Size of plan 28 x 38 . with ruler (no scale).
Busra, Hammam Manjak, waterpipes
Orchards in the city of Harim
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
General view in the Limestone Massif, near al-Bara
ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica
General view of the Shumaymis Castle
auf ihrem Vulkankegel (oben als Fels und im Mauerwerk Basalt !). Gesehen von entweder Südwesten (so der GPS-Tag) oder von Südosten, von der Straße Hamâ - Salamiya. [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, the great iwan dome
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Throne Hall
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, Piles of wheat before its package in bags
Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy,
Bayt Ajiqbash, carved stone at the courtyard
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
Plan of The Baths of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Extremer Ausschnitt aus einem Stadtplan. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, column with its capital
Khan Qurdbak, general view of the courtyard and the porticos
Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Neg. Nr. 83/5-31A/32
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Remains of Ayyubid arch in the western enclosure
Bayt Ghazala, 17th c. ground floor plan
The only private house that includes a private bath (hammam) and six courtyards. It suffered structural damages and the loss of unique interior decorations (ʿajami).
A self-manufactured fulling machine at work producing a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Decoration detail on the Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian)
Houses of stone and concrete in Mnin
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Detail aus Bild 1284: die rechte Säule des Fensters.'].
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., south aisle
Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments
Raqqa IV; Eastern West-Palace, s.SW-Neg.85/412
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Today empty domed houses in an Assyrian village seen from the street side
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Khan Qurdbak, detail of a window in the iwan
Ash-Shaykh mountain, distant view of 'Arna village
View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama
Parts of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm), view on the Euphrates River
Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, Glazed pottery
West Palace; Glazed pottery, waster pottery
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, interior view of the prayer hall (qibliyya) showing the niche (mihrab)
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), a scene of a peacock from Wakil house’s wooden panels
Birds occupy the bulk of the woodwork of Wakil house, headed by peacocks with their feathers under the branches of blooming trees.
Jabla, Entrance of the Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim
Modern painted panels with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
Remains of the Byzantine Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Die Substrukturen von oben. Man steht am Rand des letzten erhaltenen Gewölbes, Blick nach ~ Südosten. Links sind vier Ansätze der Gewölbe-Gurte zu erkennen. Die Kathedrale liegt links außerhalb des Bildes. ]
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Bayt Dallal, the basin and the iwan
[Original:'Judaida-Viertel, Halab / Aleppo. Sofern Bild 1296 tatsächlich die Decke des Iwâns von Bait Sâyigh darstellt, könnte dies hier der Iwân sein.].
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Habuba Kabira, maintenance of the house by a further exterior plastering
Aleppo in the 1930s, aerial view in northwest direction with the citadel and the old town in the background
On the left side of this picture you can see the areas of the bazaar with the big mosque. On the gate of the citadel you can still see the remains of the domes of the throne hall. On the back of the photos: [1988/144]. On the back of the photos: ['1988/203']. [Objekt: Reproduktion SW-Fotos, 24.Juni 1988, Peter Grunwald, Film 1 (2), Ende Film 2]
A general view of the remains of Shayzar Castle
View at Qalʿat Shayzar with Qalʿat al-Madiq
A cart dragged by a young horse to transport goods in ar-Raqqa
Busra, Hammam Manjak, niche in the hot section (juwwani)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Kapitell einer Säule des Konchos.'].
Jabal al-ʿArab, natural landscape of volcanic mountain
A photo showing tomb towers, part of modern city and the oasis
Damascus, Hammam al-Qaramani
A door - originally a high-lying window? Hammam al-Qaramani
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, interior of the prayer hall
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's southern facade
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al-Mihmandar Mosque, general view from south-east
Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq
Maronite Cathedral, the nave
Khan al-Wazir, decorations and windows on top of the internal facade of the khan's entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr, Halab / Aleppo.Ausschnitt auf die Fenster der Innenfassade von Bild 1250.'].
Damascus,Umayyad Mosque, pigeons in the courtyard
Pigeons in the courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque
Damascus citadel, the prison courtyard in the north-east part
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
Livestock in a byzantine building, Qarqbiza
A herd of sheep grazing in front of Shayzar Castle
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of marble and faience tiles
![The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني 3_SYRHER]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_75456-1024x768.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني 3_SYRHER]
Inside the city wall, excavation work, Qatna
. [Original: Al-Mishrifa / Qatnâ']
Raʾs al-ʿAyn, streetview of a late ottoman residential house and a warehouse beside, situated on a slope
Behind the stone building in the front of the photo is situated the garden of the late Ottoman house.
Palmyra / Tadmur, view from afar to Ba‘alshamin Temple
[Original: Baal-Schamin-Tempel, 60 - 150 n.Chr. Im Vordergrund Bad der Zenobia]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Islamic inscriptions
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - interior view of the dome
Tall al-Biʿa, view from afar
[Original: Blick auf Tall al-Biʿa]
Mausoleum az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall
Great Mosque, damage mapping
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing
[Original: Moschee um Bab Antakiya}, on the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), details of the hall facade situated on the eastern side of the courtyard
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Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, prayer niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
Barada River in Old city of Damascus
A side from Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle)
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, western entrance gate
Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance
Fluted column- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, wooden prayer niche in the iwan
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Geschnitzter Mihrâb von 1245, steht heute im Iwân des Hofes. Vgl. Bild 1239 !'].
Entrance gate to the city of Ugarit
View from airplane to the upper reaches of the Sajur (mainly on Turkish territory, border strip of Syria visible at upper right)
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, one of the pendentives carrying the dome
Part of fortifications in Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
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One of the inner part of Ibn Maʿn Castle
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/405] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of one of the towers, flanking the gate
[Original: Turm links]
View into a vaulted room of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, prayer niche
Jurn Kabir, inside a traditional living room, equipped with wooden door and window, water basin and felt carpet (lubbad)
Vaulted room in the Citadel of Damascus
Mosaic in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken]
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Ruin of a double room house in the village Qalʿat Najm
An apse in Hananiya church in Bab Tuma quarter
The stone vaulted niche contains three paintings that tell part of the stories of Paul the Apostle
Salkhad - historical pond (birket)
A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus
The Ghuta consisted of a large number of groves separated from each other by walls or mud fences. There was often a small road between a grove and another, where it was accessed through a gate. The walls were built of rammed earth, an old tradition of rural architecture in the region.
Noria (water wheel) with aqueduct in ar-Rastan in 1930
An old vintage print (postal card? Labeled Photo ARCHO) of one of the norias of Orontes River near the city of ar-Rastan. The aqueduct, made of stone vaults, receives water from the noria’s buckets.
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view of the northern facade
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, view from west
General view of the Tetrapylon
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, niche (mihrab) in the prayer hall
View to the village al-Awshariyya on the northern shore of the Sajur near the junction with the Euphrates river
Tourists with a local resident at the Peak of Mount Hermon (Jabal Haramun)
Dayr Zakka (monastery), detail of a mosaic, showing the palm
Raq19930001.tif
Khan Qurdbak, ground plan, first floor, reduced copy
First floor, Hotel Balit, iwan (mamluk.) Uzdemir [15]. size of plan 60 x 40. with ruler (no scale) .
Vegetation with rocks in the coastal mountains
A robust 4 cm thick felt carpet made of wool in the manufacturing facility in Al-Bab
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts
The Great Mosque of Aleppo has moderate damage, except for the complete destruction of the minaret in April 2013. The degree of damage is around 30%. The western wing shows two large circular holes in the roof. There are currently no photographs available which clarify the extent of the interior damage. Several fires have affected parts of the main prayer hall causing damage especially to the southern gate and the wooden doors of the northern facade. The northern arcade was burned and its main gate partially damaged. The eastern part of the courtyard floor is torn out.
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, small iwan - detail view of archway
View over the floodplain of the Euphrates valley to the village on the eastern steep bank
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, windows on the tambour of one of the domes
Khan Qurdbak, southern and eastern porticos
Chinese cloud motifs on the top side of the panel, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Excavation of Abbasid ruins in Kharab Sayyar
A Bedouin family in one of the villages of the Euphrates Valley
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - plan
Suq Aslan Dada, reconstruction of northern entrance and eastern wall of Khan as-Sabun, view towards southwest
Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall is covered with golden and colored mosaic
Originally, the entire courtyard façade was covered with mosaics. They show fantastic landscapes, which are interpreted as a representation of paradise.
Nahiyat at-Tabqa, Euphrates Dam
Ruins of the wall of Qalʿat Shumaymis (castle)
Al-Marqab Castle from the inside
Afamiya, Ruined building
Remains of the Great Colonnade
Inscription on the Damascus wall
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel
General view of the Barada spring close to the eastern Mountains of Lebanon
Habuba Kabira, back side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)
View of a niche inside the Castle of Harim
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the trail around the two castles
Terrace with portico in the upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the southern section of the great hall
Damascus, Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, 1st CE. AD
The west gate of the Jupiter Temple lies in the middle of the historic old town. Today it marks the transition between the bazaar area and the Umayyad Mosque.
Villages and the fertile floodplain of the Euphrates valley, that were flooded by the Tishrin-Lake
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall - one of the windows on the northern facade
View from the Zayzun waterfalls into Yarmuk river, which there the border between Syria and Jordan
A view into the main road of Raʾs al-ʿAyn
A view of the iwan of Dada house
Liwan
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, door of the prayer hall - decoration details and door handles
Remains of an ancient minaret in Khirbat as-Sarayij
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, dome of the prayer hall
Remains of arches in Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Habuba Kabira, Milking a goat in the courtyard: Grandmother and granddaughters
Aliya Alnuami is finalising her ‘Ajami work
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, the main entrance
Maronite Cathedral, the nave
The upper part of the minaret, Qashani tiles, as-Sinaniyya Mosque
[ Description by author: Der "Korb" für den Mu'azzin. ]
Bimaristan Arghun, general view of the southern courtyard - fountain and iwan
Bayt Junblat, courtyard and northern iwan
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription and decoration above the entrance
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The dome house in Taanayel: building the dome
A view of two workers inserting flat stepping stones between the bricks, an old technique to help plastering the dome houses.
Temple of Bel, ceiling decorations
[ Description by author: des Peristyls oder des Naos. Die alte Karteikarte sagt Naos, ich denke jetzt aber eher Peristyl: am "Bacchus"-Tempel in Ba'labak gibt es ganz ähnliche Peristyl-Platten.- Es gibt hier zwei Typen von Rosetten: eine "normale" und eine "rotierende". Letztere lässt an die "windzerzausten" Kapitelle ind Qal'at Sem'ân und in Halab denken. ]
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen - the dome details from the inside
Near Qa'alat ar-Rahaba, Shrin Shaykh Shibliy. [Original:'Bei QAL'AT ar-RAHABA, Grabbau = SAIH SIBLI']
Valley of the Tombs, Tomb of Jambliku - facade decoration
[ Description by author: Linke Seite des Fassadendekors: der bärtige Kopf als Träger der unteren und die Nike (Sirene / Harpye) als Träger der oberen Konsole. Gesehen von ~ Osten. ]
Khan al-Wazir, internal facade of the khan's entrance
[Original:'Khân al-Wazîr,Halab / Aleppo. Innenseite des Tores von Bild 1248.'].
Darat ʿAzza, city located along the St. Simeon Monastery road
Harim Castle, view into an entrance
Hiraqla victory monument: isometric reconstruction
Suq az-Zarb, new beginning after the destruction. View from the entrance to the west
Volcanic stones and behind it the Khubra lake, Jabal Says
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
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Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
In the courtyrad of the Umayyad Mosque - view to al-ʿArus minaret and northern arcade
General view of Notre Dame de Saydnaya
[ Description by author: von ~ Südosten. In dem Felssockel rechts befindet sich das Grab mit den Figuren von Bild 0420.- Trotz obiger Zuordnung (nach den wichtigsten Ausbau-Stufen): die Ursprünge der Anlage gehen in byzantinische Zeit zurück und sollen in Zusammenhang mit einem Erlebnis des Kaisers Justinian stehen: eine von ihm verfolgte Gazelle verwandelte sich in ein Marienbild (des Lukas ...), das die Erbauung einer Kirche an dieser Stelle verlangte und seither Wunder tat. ]
Noria (water wheel) axis
The wooden axis of the noria is called the heart. It stands on wooden bases that are placed on steady stable stone foundations at the bottom of the river.
Bayt Wakil, qaʿa, front elevation of the hall's facade
Elevation drawing. No scale
Bayt Dallal, iwan ceiling and canopy
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration
Courtyard of Khan Murad Basha (Museum of Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman)
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, osman. (heute Mosaiken-Museum)]
Raqqa, Tall Aswad, section drawing of a pottery kiln
Ceramic stove, section drawing with scale ruler
Damascus citadel from the inside, round 1930
An old picture of Damascus Citadel from the inside showing two defensive towers protecting the southern side, where Suq al-Hamidiyya is situated. Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. (photographer unkown)
Arches in a house, the Ghouta of Damascus
Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
The suspension bridge over the Euphrates River, Dayr az-Zawr
An artificial canal, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
General view of the Great Mosque of Hama
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya
The shrine room of the Prophet Zakariya – the father of the Prophet Yahya, or, in the Christian tradition, John the Baptist – lies to the left (east) of the main niche forming the front of the centrally positioned nave of the prayer hall. It is shielded by a copper screen and topped by a small dome. The shrine room of the Prophet Zakariya was renovated and decorated according to the long inscription above it dated 1120 AH / 1708 AD. The shrine room of Zakariya shows a characteristic Ottoman feature. It is covered by several types of ceramic tiles. First, there is a unique type of hexagonal tiles, based on an early Iznik blue and white prototype from the 16th century with plump peony motifs. A second group of tiles are of the ‘Dome of the Rock’ type. Also, there are two types of rectangular border tiles decorated with cruciform ogival medallions amongst scrolling arabesques and foliage and two different colour schemes: one in black on a turquoise ground, the other in apple green outlined in brown on a white ground.
A side from Shumaymis Castle, as-Salamiyya
Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard
Ghuta of Damascus, aerial photograph of some orchards
Farmers in the Ghouta of Damascus have adopted a dense and mixed farming pattern of diverse vegetables, fruits, trees and aromatic plants. The residences are placed in the orchards.
Busra, Theater and Citadel - Aerial photograph
Citadel al-Qa'la, Aerial view Fl.305, Nr. 194, segment
The wheel hub of a water scoop wheel (arab. noria)
Khan Dannun - Courtyard
Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the hall dome - octogonal tambour on squinches
Punch cards for jacquard looms with woven sample for silk fabric in the Mezannar textile factory in Damascus
Aleppo's Great Mosque, renovation of the north entrance in 2018
Destroyed and damaged parts of the north portal are scaffolded for restoration
Habuba Kabira, construction of a dome house (foreground: room, that will have a flat roof)
As-Sabuniyya Mosque, the upper part of the entrance, muqarnas and rich ornaments
[ Description by author: Dekor des oberen Teiles, wohl von ~ Osten gesehen. ]
Habuba Kabira, View from the inside of the room while constructing the dome
Tall Dahab, Woman carrying firewood
Jamiʿ Sharaf, Mamluk rank
Hama, Waterwheels of Kilaniyya, al-Tawafira and al-Jaʿbariyya
View of Eastern Palace, ar-Raqqa
Busra, Part of the citadel wall
Busra, Hammam Manjak, exterior view
Wakil house, courtyard
A concrete irrigation canal in the Ghouta of Damascus
As cement became as an easy-to-use building material, farmers began building irrigation channels using that material. The concrete canal in the picture seems to be missing the aesthetic element, unlike the old canals that were corresponding to the surrounding environment.
In the light of the missing central dome of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
A side of the Salah ad-Din Castle
Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat, an octagonal basin in the centre of the courtyard
View on the Euphrates river from Dura Europos
[Original: Ruinen von Dura Europos]
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, prayer hall
Tower north of Bab Antakiya. The inscription indicates a restoration by the Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh between 820/1417 and 823/1420
Badiyat ash-Sham, a small road
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/24/401] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]. ["s.a. Dias"]
Bayt Junblat, western facade of the women hall (Haramlik)
Picnic on the Euphrates bank, al-Furat al-Aʿla (the Upper Euphrates Valley)
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch
An alley in Halbun town
The Mediterranean coast of Baniyas city in 1960s
Bayt Mustafa al-Jabiri (Bayt cad. VII 2056) before belonging to waqf al-Jabiri
Size of plan 55 x 45. with ruler (no scale)
Part of the main façade of Roman South Temple in ʿAtil
Roman temple
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), cross section of the facade
The village of Jurn Kabir before the region was flooded by the Tishrin dam
View from the courtyard towards the northeastern side of the valley, Dayr Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Blick vom Innenhof auf die ~ nordöstliche Talseite mit modernen Bauten für Leute "auf der Suche". Die teil-vermauerten Höhlen könnten die der ursprünglichen Mönche sein. ]
Raqqa - Remains of the southern arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq (Great Mosque)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, courtyard and western arcade
Near Tall Tamir, In a tannur deepened in the ground the flat breads are baked
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
Cooling bread in the street before storage
Qal‘at Shayzar (castle), The stairs leading to the entrance
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inner courtyard with eastern arcade
Port expansion in Tartus
Extension of port, working with cranes
Stairs lead to the Ishtar Temple D? Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
Im Vordergrund die Treppe von Bild 1185 hinten. Nach dem Gesamtplan Bild 1162 müsste sie zum Roten Tempel / Ishtar-Tempel D führen. Gesehen nach ~ Nordosten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Sahl Hawran (Hawran Plain), agricultral area
[Original: Südsyr. Ackerebene im Hauran mit Hermon]
Suq Aslan Dada, view of the Mamluk coat of arms (rank) at the north entrance after completion of the rebuilding work
General view of Halabiyya ruins
Bayt Wakil (Aleppo-Zimmer), Painted wooden panel, Mary and Jesus
One of the most famous Christian themes in the hall of Wakil house is a painting of the Virgin Mary carrying her child, surrounded by plant and blossom drawings.
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south east of al-Mayadeen - plan
Sketch (Skizze), scale approx. 1:50
Dome under maintenance in the village of Shaykh Hilal
Picture of a worker standing on the stone protrusions projecting from the dome to carry out maintenance and restoration works.
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the prayer niche
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, decorations at the top of tower gate
[Original: Turm links]
A woman spinning with a suspended spindle
Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ and Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
Khan al-Jumruk, doorway
Wadi az-Zaydi, Ancient bridge
near Busra, Bridge
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main hall (qaʿa)
Children from the region, Krak des Chevaliers in the background
Bimaristan Arghun, inscription
Interior view of Qadmus Castle
View of the city of Saydnaya with its monastery
Traditional houses in Halbun
View over city, Jamiʿ Halab al-Kabir
A shepherd-boy with his herd, on the edge of al-Ghab Plain
[Original: Junge mit Schafe am Rand des Ghab]
Al-Bab, the upper part of al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir (the Great Mosque) minaret
Kitchen tent with fireplace of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region
Tall Abyad, House decoration to welcome the house owner after the pilgrimage to Mekka
Kitbugha mausoleum on the foot of Qasyun mountain
Details of decoration on the Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph)
[ Description by author: - wo genau ? ['Monumentalbogen, ??/??/2002'] ]
The facade of the church, Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen, Innenraum)]
Village of Tall Hamidiyya with excavation house (left)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: Qaʿa, section east-west, view to south
Qaʿa of Matbakh al-ʿAjami, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
Traditional house in neighborhood "al-Almaji"
Photograph of house's main, southern, fassade during beginning works of refurbishment and after the loss of woodden oriel "Kishk". The image is a panorama composed of several images
Agriculture in the Coastal Mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
[Original: Bewässerte Zitruspflanzung im Vorland d. Ansariyengebirges]
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance
The western vaulted arcade of al-Jamiʿ al-Umawi (Umayyad Mosque)
Hypogeum of the Three Brothers from the inside - mural paintings
[ Description by author: Linke Wand, Rückwand und Decke der freskierten Halle. In der Lünette Achill auf Skyros, in der Decke die Entführung des Ganymed. ]
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Der hohe hinten ist der des Maliku (vgl. Bild 0820, der ganz rechts der des Jambliqu (vgl. Bild 0823 - 0830 !). Gesehen von ~ Nordwesten. ]
A woman in a rural area with traditional clothes
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
Souq al-Abba/Souq ad-dra????
General view of Shumaymis castle (Qalʿat Shumaymis)
Ar-Rusafa, general view of the remains of Basilica A
An arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
View of al-Kilaniyya Norias
Tele-Ausschnitt aus Bild 1007. (original date 03/03/2001 (?)) .['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Al-Khabur region, a potter in the workshop, probably in al-Busayri
Bab as-Salam, portal with coloured stone layers (ablaq)
Children are preparing themselve for a wedding procession. The two small children are still wearing their school uniform
Citadel of Aleppo, the Great Mosque - inscription
Tall Mumbaqa, Women prepare food for the banquet of the excavation
A side of Hiraqla victory monument, built by Harun ar-Rashid, near Raqqa
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: in der rechten Bildhälfte. Ich habe den GPS-Tag nach der Angabe auf der Karteilkarte "vom Südwest-Hügel" (damit könnte der Hang des Jabal al-Mantâr gemeint sein) gesetzt. Eine andere Möglichkeit wäre: aus der Gegend des Turms des Jambliqu, denn auch dieser Hügel (und ist eher ein "Hügel" !) liegt südwestlich in Bezug auf die Stadt. Die Blickrichtung jedenfalls muss nach Nordwesten oder Westen sein. ]
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Kharab Shams, central nave of the basilica
[Orignal: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, Mittelschiffarkaden nach Osten]
View the northeast corner of the Agora
[ Description by author: Blick von ~ Osten auf die Nordost-Ecke der Agora (Forum) und in den ihren Innenhof mit Resten von Säulen der Portikus. Links geht es zum Annex, zum hohen Portal rechts vgl. Bild 0705 ! ]
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from the outside
In the tent of a semi-nomadic family from the Maskana region, with storage bags in the background.
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, ground plan
Size of plan 50 x 20, with ruler (no scale).
Suq al-Hamidiyya
Seller of traditional refreshing drinks in the city's most famous bazaar. It was built at the end of the 19th century in the European style.
Khan Ujkhan، main entrance
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, wooden cells inside the prayer hall's iwan
General view of the Valley of the Tombs
Bimaristan Arghun, view of main courtyard
shap_import_60891
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Pottery manufacturing in the Khabur region, probably in al-Busayri
Assyrian Corner Stairway Trough, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: "Assyrische Eck-Treppenzinne", von einem der Türme des Tempels (vgl.Bild 0629 !) . Die Struktur ist orientalisch, der Dekor römisch. ]
Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, General view
A view of the walls and the castle, Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
View to the excavation in Tall Shaykh Hamad in 1984
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Entrance of a bastion with loopholes
The Monastery of St Sergius, Maʿlula
Bayt Wakil, iwan - decoration above a room's door
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, interior view of the prayer hall
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, historic photo of the prayer niche
Mihrab
Part of golden and colored mosaic, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Mittelgang, Südwand, Mittelteil.- Die Bilder 0179 - 0192 wurden mit einem High-Speed-Film gemacht, daher die mäßige Qualität ! ]
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade - al-Midan
Bayt Wakil, floor tiles
A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn
Decorated wooden door of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Entrance of Suq al-Hamidiyya in the eighties of the 20th century, Damascus
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the entrance
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Remains of the Ummayad Palace in Jabal Says
Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami: Preparation of a wooden dome
Rich decorations in Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Innenraum
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, exterior windows
A renovated Aleppine house in al-Jallum neighborhood
The courtyard of one of a traditional Aleppine house on one summer night filled with music.
Reverse side of the ceiling of Bayt Ḫazīna-Kātibī / Niẓām with ‘Ajami decoration
View from above on the construction of the šīša-ceiling
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs
Afamiya, View to the north- the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)
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Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, details of the entrance muqarnas
ar-Raqqa - Qasr al-Banat, the courtyard surrounded by four iwans
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Raqqa VIII; North-East Complex, s.SW-Neg.89/551
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
"Größeres Grabmal (im Grundriß quadratischer Raumkubus mit pyramidalem Dach), sp. 6. Jh."
Bayt Junblat, northern iwan
Part of the remains of Shayzar Castle
A view at the Mediterranean Sea, Baniyas
Conservation of the Grape Room made in 1835, house Nizam, Damascus
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, western facade from the inside
Great Mosque, people in the courtyard
Busra - Birkat (pool) al-Hajj
The facade of prayer hall overlooking the courtyard, Umayyad Mosque
[Original:'Damaskus, Omajjaden-Moschee, vom Friedhof aus gesehen']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East.
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
50 piastres (silver), 24 mm, 1947
Remains of the mosque of the western enclosure, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
[Original: Pavillon]
Ghuta of Damascus, artificial irrigation canal system
Suq Aslan Dada, general view of the suq damages, view towards south
1 pound, 27 mm, 1968 – restrike 1971
Khan as-Sabun, inner northern facade after widening the street
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard
A side of Ibn Maʿn Castle
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the cold section (barrani)
Byzantine decorated basalt stone reused in the construction of Qal‘at Shayzar
Church of the Armenians in ar-Raqqa
![The eastern part of the building. This photos is of two ones, one of them is dated to 2011 and the other is taken from the net but not clear from where or when, therefore was put as no year. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني3_SYRHER]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_75457-1024x386.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
The eastern part of the building. This photos is of two ones, one of them is dated to 2011 and the other is taken from the net but not clear from where or when, therefore was put as no year. [Original photo name: as-i-محمع قصر الحسيني3_SYRHER]
Bayt Wakil, iwan
Ar-Raqqa - Islamic coins discovered in the site of al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Numairidian Coin; approx. 450 h.; Ra91-GrMo-8145 (A)
Traditional production of animal glue
Aghabani with customized geometric design combining leaves, flowers and branches
Part of the city wall of ar-Raqqa after the restoration
View to the east.
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
Bridge over the Euphrates, ar-Raqqa
[Original: Euphratbrücke]
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window
The upper part of the middle window of the exterior western facade.
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Khan al-Hibal, the northern facade, upper floor
Bayt Wakil, iwan
A shepherd with his herd on the arch bridge which leads to Shayzar Castle
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, prayer niche
Syriac tombs in Jabal ʿAruda
A photo of the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Blick ü.d. Hof auf den Liwan
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - excavations
[ 87/ 59/ 1772] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. On the back of the photo: [87/59].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
The northwest corner of the portico, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Die Nordwest-Ecke des Portikus. gesehen von ~ Südosten / Süden. ]
Al-Khusrawiyya: Explosion crater where the mosque once stood, 2016
The first Ottoman mosque in the city was designed by the famous architect Sinan. An explosion in 2014 destroyed the mosque completely, nothing but a huge crater is left.
Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard
Palm trees in Palmyra oasis
[Original: Palmen in Palmyra]
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Beim Austritt des Kanals, Blick nach ~ Nordosten. Vorn rechts die "Treppe", links ein Altar, hinten die Säule und links von ihr noch ein Altar. ]
Remains of the pendentifs carrying the dome of the church at Ibn Wardan Palace
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen)]
Bayt Ghazala, eastern facade - plant ornament above the main entrance from the inside
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, facade and entrance of the prayer hall
Traditional production of animal glue
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain (restaurant)
Old aerial photo of at-Takiyya as-Sulaymaniyya, Damascus
[Original:'Damaskus, Großes Derwisch-Kloster (Luftbild)']. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Capital, Umayyad Mosque
[Original: Omayyaden-Moschee (705 - 725), Aktanthuskapitell]
A village on the foothills of the coastal mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Aliya Alnuami
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, finds
Eastern West Palace; Arch above Frieze J-i, s.SW-Neg.85/267
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, modern and re-used portal (spolia)
One of the Basilica aisles, is separated from the central courtyard by a row of arches based on columns, Basilica A, ar-Rusafa
[Original: 1945 Geschenk Prof. Friedrich Sarre]
Hiraqla victory monument: reliefed fragments
Capital of a column- Temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: einer der drei Säulen. Zumindest auf zwei Seiten ist es sehr gut erhalten. Vgl. Bild 0373 ! ]
Tiles of blue Qashani, Mausoleum of Salah ad-Din al-Ayyubi
[ Description by author: Die Inschrift über die Restaurationsarbeiten von Wilhelm II. Eine ähnliche Inschrift befindet sich im Bacchus-Tempel von Ba'labak. (The year of the photo is not sure according to Peter Heiske ) ]
Bayt Ghazala, fountain in the main hall (qaʿa)
Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis, exterior view
Aleppo: Khan al-Wazir, 17th C., interior facade
Naʿurat al-Muhammadiyya (waterwheel), the biggest noria in Hama
Artificial irrigation, al-Ghab Plain
The Seljuk watermill ''Bab as-Salam watermill'' from the inside, Damascus
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
[Original:'TALL SAIH HAMAD']
A horizontal loom
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
[ Description by author: Detail, vom Eingang des Temenos der Allât. Sie symbolisiert den beschützenden Aspekt - siehe die "glückliche" Antilope - der Herrin der Tiere. Die Statue soll um die Zeitenwende entstanden sein. Eine Kopie - oder doch das Original ? - steht im Garten des Nationalmuseums in Damaskus. Vgl. Bild 0752 und 0754 ! ]
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Baking flat breads on the tannur wall (tannur deepened in the ground)
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Blick nach Süden auf Grabtürme: links hinten der des Maliku, rechts der des Jambliqu. ]
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the southern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Minaret of an-Nuri Mosque
1172 erging der Erlass zum Bau dieser Moschee.- Gesehen von ~ West-Nord-West. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Damascus, an Arabic inscription on the gateway top of Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
General view of Masyaf Castle
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila - courtyard and ablutions basin
Ruins of the wall of Qalʿat Shumaymis (castle)
Busra, The cold section (Barrani) of Hammam Manjak
Interior View, Arch, Fountain,_Separaiting Sheet 86/XV
The Theater of Palmyra, upper part of the gateway
[ Description by author: Rückseite des Tores Bild 0721. Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-West. ]
The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD
The lion was embedded in the outer wall of the Al-Lat temple. As a protector of an antelope it is a symbol of peacefullness. The stone statue was severely damaged by ISIS.
Habuba Kabira, to make burghul (wheat grits) the wheat is cooked in a huge pot and then carried to a drying place
Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from inside
Az-Zahir Baybars Mausoleum in al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya
[ Description by author: mit dem Grab des mamlukischen Sultans Baibars, gestorben 1277. Er war ein bedeutender Feldherr und hat den Kreuzrittern den Kraq des Chevaliers (Qal'at al-Husn) entrissen und die Mongolen 1260 besiegt. Rechts die ~ Nordwand mit dem Eingang, links die Westwand. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds
85-AS-loc. 03. [ 87/ 65/ 1938] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos ['87/65']
Bayt Dallal, general view of the courtyard
The remaining upper part of Shumaymis Castle
Nach dem Licht und dem, was auf dem Satellitenfoto zu erkennen ist, muss dies die Südmauer sein. Man sieht gut, wie ein Stein-Mörtel-Kern mit Basaltquadern verblendet wurde. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
The mihrab is another fine example of marble marquetry, with recessed panels bordered by a relief molding in the central half-cylinder, horizontal coursing in the niche head, and a well developed interlace occupying the spandrels. Columns, capitals, and bases are again contemporary. (Allen, Terry. "Madrasah al-Sultaniyah". In Ayyubid Architecture. Occidental, CA: Solipsist Press, 2003. http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch8.htm#alep.msul)
The Roman Theatre and the Ayyubid Citadel, Busra
[Original: Theater, Bühnengebäude (wahrsch. spätes 2. Jh.)]
Masbanat al-Jubayli, soap preparation before the stage of arranging
General view of Krak des Chevaliers in an-Nasara valley area
Corner of a Bedouin tent from goat hair during the desert festival in ar-Rusafa
Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, bastion with loopholes.
A view at the town of Maʿlula
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, interior view of eastern facade - Iwan
Courtyard of a rural house in the Ghouta of Damascus
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Busra, general view of the old city.
Excavation work at Tall Afis
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance of the prayer hall
Sancturies graved into the rocks, Roman period, Mnin
[ Description by author: Blick auf die Anlage von (wohl) ~ Südwesten. Ganz rechts das Tor, links daneben die große Halle mit monumentaler Freitreppe zu einer Plattform davor. Links hinter ihrer Balustrade die kleine Halle mit reich dekoriertem Eingang: danach (vgl. Bild 0401 !) wird die Anlage ins 3. Jh. n. Chr. datiert. Irgendwie macht das Ganze einen "nabatäischen" Eindruck, der durch weitere Details auf den folgenden Bildern (insbesondere Bild 0401) verstärkt wird. ]
Museum of Arwad - Arwad citadel
Tall al-Bi'a, Excavation at Dayr Zakka (monastery)
Raq19900043.tif
Waqf Ibshir Mustafa Basha, south western corner with former sabil
Khan Qurdbak, southern portico - Mamluk rank
A view of an-Nuri mosque and the Kilaniyya norias (water wheels), Hama
[Original: Nuri-Moschee am Orontes (unter Nur ad-Din 1162/63 errichtet) und Norias]
Narrow hidden alley in the city of Halle, Germany
Habuba Kabira, building a cantilever dome house - in the foreground clay bricks, which are to be used soon
General view of the city of Harim, Muhafazat Idlib
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, entrance of the tomb
A tablet-loom
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Afamiya Theater, remains of the scaenae frons
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, northern portico
One of the towers of Damascus Citadel
View of a tower of the eastern façade of Damascus Citadel. The tower looks rectangular, topped by a set of machicolations.
View to the south from the battlements of the citadel to the city in 1916
In the foreground the Khusrawiyya complex is partly visible, as is the mosque as-Saffahiyya and parts of the districts al-Jallum and Sahat Bizza.
Remains of a building from the extensions of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
General view of Shumaymis Castle
Teleausschnitt aus Bild 1038, gesehen entweder von dem dortigen Standort oder von dem hier angezeigten aus ~ Südosten. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
A street scene in one of the suqs of Dayr az-Zawr
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall, door of the khatib (orator) room
Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Hanabila
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - Pottery
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, SW-Neg.89/658-699
Eastern side of Damascus Gate, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
~ Ostseite, äußerer Abschnitt, gesehen von der Westseite nach ~ Süden. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
Aghabani table cloths with gold and silver threads
The foothills of Antilibanon- Mountains overlooking the Zabadani plain
A building under construction in the President's Square in Raqqa
Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, western facade
North-East Syria, the Upper Euphrates
View of the Barada Valley in the 1960s
A female Kurdish tribe leader wearing a screen-printed headscarf called Habari
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - decoration of faience tiles
[Original:'Qasr Jumblât, Halab / Aleppo. Dekor in der Wand oberhalb der Tür von Bild 1303.].
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
View from the palm groves to the south-eastern corner of Bel Temple
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
View from the outer northwest edge of the ditch, Shumaymis Castle
Der innere Teil, gesehen nach ~ Südosten vom äußeren Nordwest-Rand des Grabens. . [Original: Qal'at ash-Shamîmîs']
Camels in the Great Colonnade, Palmyra
[Original: Kamele in der Säulenstraße]
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration
Maronite Cathedral, upper pointed part of one of the cathedral towers
Palmyra, view from the south, valley of tombs in foreground, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn in background
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
Bayt Ajiqbash, wooden decorated (ʿajami) ceiling in the iwan
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The minaret and the courtyard
Kafra, in the courtyard behind a huge central hall house
Yabrud: A stone facade of a historic building
Aleppo, Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (English)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
Courtyard of guest wing (so called selamlik oder barrani), Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm Palace
Storage vessel made of mud-clay slurry in the niche of a transversal arch house
General view of Maʿlula town
[Original: Malulla bei Damaskus, orientalischer Grundriss]
A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
[Original: Grabturm in Palmyra]
General view of the Mediterranean sea in Baniyas
Front view of a Hummus shop
The gate of the citadel seen from the east in the evening light
General view of the town of Maʿlula
[ Description by author: Gesehen vom linken Berg - GPS-Tag approximativ - nach ~ Nordosten auf den Ortskern. Unten links die Masjid Ma'lûlâ, oben links das Kloster Mâr Takla und links davon der Eingang zum Fajj Mâr Takla. Hinter dem Ganzen der "rechte" Berg und das Plateau. ]
Rastan, Urban agglomorations on ridges
Excavation work, Madinat al-Far
Qasr al-ʿAzm, terrace with portico in the upper floor
Terrasse mit Portikus vor dem Kuppelsaal. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Bel Temple, column with Ionic captial on the south facade of the cella
[ Description by author: Tele-Aussschnitt aus Bild 0614: das jonische Kapitell der linken Halbsäule der Cella-Südwand. ]
Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade
Al-Madrasa ar-Rukniyya al-Barraniyya - view from the south
View to the proscenium and scaenae frons of Palmyra Theater
[Original: Theater, 2. Jh. n.Chr.]
Interior view of the Hypogeum of Artaban in the south-eastern cemetery area
[ Description by author: Die Exedra mit dem Grabinhaber auf seiner Totenkline, umgeben von seiner Familie. Außerdem sind in diesem Grab einige der Platten mit den Reliefbüsten der Verstorbenen erhalten, die die Loculi nach vorn abschlossen. ]
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, corbel with muqarnas supporting an arch in the inner portico
Qasr al-ʿAzm, decorative niche in the dome hall
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
The way to the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: zum Fels-"Balkon". ]
Khusrawiyya, view of complex from the citadel, Khan ash-Shuna in foreground, in 2000
A general view of a part of monumental buildings
[ Description by author: dahinter das Areal des Bel-Tempels. Vorn links die Säulenstraße, 3. Abschnitt, dann der Tetrapylon, dahinter die Säulen der Diokletians-Thermen und dann der Monumentalbogen. Man sieht deutlich, dass die Säulentraße auch im Tetrapylon einen Knick aufweist. Rechts vom Tetrapylon das Theater, ganz rechts die Agora mit Annex und Bankettsaal. Gesehen nach ~ Südosten. ]
Afamiya Theater, remains of Cavea
An old photo showing the main western entrance of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs
The main western entrance to the courtyard.
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
Ar-Raqqa, view of a side of city wall
Hand printed table cloth from Hama at Hassan's Shop, Old Damascus
A side of archaeological remains in Khirbat as-Sarayij
View of the Khabur River with willow-trees in the 1960s
Monumental Arch and Colonnaded Street in Palmyra
Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.
The main mosque was built in 772 AD and renovated in the 12th century. Monumental witnesses of this history are the 25 m high minaret and the arcade wall.
Palmyra Theater, central part (valva regia) of scaenae frons
Two Kurdish women. The woman on the right is wearing a traditional woven overgarment
In the tent of a Bedouin family with the living area in the foreground and behind the partition the storage area of all goods
Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat
Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the northern iwan
Small iwan in the north of the courtyard. Size of plan 50 x 20, with ruler (no scale).
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The prayer hall
Interior view of Tomb Tower of Elahbel, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Erdgeschoss, Inneres. Links und rechts zwischen den Pilastern die Loculi für die Toten. Im Hintergrund die Familie des Grabinhabers, vgl. Bild 0836 ! Zur Decke s. Bild 0837 ! ]
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, the entrance from the inside
Habuba Kabira, view into a plastered cantilever dome with openings and decorative layer
Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the western Iwan
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - minaret, northern-eastern corner
The minaret of the Mosque of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
Introducing the blue dye in boiling water to the silk threads. This process is repeated several times until the silk absorbs the blue dye effectively
Tomb carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Ädikula-Typ. Eigenartig der unsymmetrische Bogen: war der Platz links für eine Statue vorgesehen ? Vgl. Bild 0412, 0413 ! ]
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, the iwan facade
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Islamic Museum
View from the top towards the oasis and the ruins of Palmyra
[ Description by author: Ganz vorn unten ein Stück der Stadtmauer. Hinten das Areal des Bel-Tempels, vgl. Bild 0811 ! Ganz rechts, hinter der Mauer, ein Teil des Hotels Sham Palace. Blick nach ~ Osten. ]
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance
shap_import_64338
Raqqa - remains of the southern arcade of the Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq
Suq az-Zarb, view towards west of the suq after the destruction
Mediterranean Sea in Tartus
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
Ground plan drawing. Scale ruler
General view of Abu al-Fidaʾ Mosque on the Orontes river
Jami' al-Haiyaya, [Original: 'Jâmi' al-Haiya']. Gesehen von Südosten über den 'Âsi. Unter der rechten, kleineren Kuppel ist der Politiker, Historiker und Geograph Abû l-Fidâ' begraben. ['Original: Hamâ (Epiphania),']
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, general view of central dome
View from the minaret to the lead-covered dome, which was placed on a short cylindrical wall (tambour). The eight short buttresses at the corners of the roof above the prayer room, which are supposed to compensate for the transverse forces of the dome, are clearly visible.
At the upper reach of the Khabur near Raʾs al-ʿAyn
General view of ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Auf dem linken Hang. Zu dem links oben und in der Mitte s. Bild 0408 ! Ob sich unter dem Felsüberhang weiter nach unten und rechts auch ein Grab befindet ? Die Felswand gleich über den Bäumen links wirkt auffallen geglättet, in Petra würde ich sagen "vorbereitet" ....... ]
Qalb Lawza, Basilica 5th c., view of main facade from south-west
Turbat az-Zahir Baybars, mosaic details covering the southern wall of the mausoleum
[ Description by author: Rechter Teil der ~ Westwand. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 18/10/1998] ]
Kharijat ad-Drisiyat, guest house
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, documentation sheet of courtyard with northern Iwan
The palace called "Girls' Castle" has a courtyard surrounded by four open halls (Iwan). This type of groundplan is known above all from Iran.
Jisr ash-Shughur, the ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle
Outlining and shadowing of motifs of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Abdelraouf Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
General view of Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)
Tartus, museum in the former cathedral, view at western facade
Qanawat, Remains of the Temple of Zeus (Saraya)
Remains of 'Ayn Dara temple built of basalt stones
General view of the Orontes valley in the 1960s
An arch in Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
[Original: Arch-k.K6/=HQ k.K 60,]
Jurn Kabir, the only two school classrooms for children of the village
View of the Khabur River with a small noria
Raqqa, Western Palace, aerial view of excavation site
The aerial picture shows how the site looked during its excavation. At the edge of the excavation site, clay bricks are laid out for drying. [Original on the back: '86']
Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard- entrances to single rooms
Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - one of the wall tower
[original: Stadtmauer / Innenseite. Turm 80']. [83/72/12] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. on the back of the photos: [83/72]
an-Nabi Huri (Cyrrhus), View from inside the Roman mausoleum
Preparation of the design of a felt carpet
Photographs of a manufacturing facility for felt carpets in Al Bab as part of the "Aleppo Stadtarchivprojekt" of GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation) in 2008
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital
[Original:'Al-Madrasa al-Halâwiya, Halab / Aleppo. Kapitell von der äußersten Säule rechts des Konchos.'].
Al-Bara, oil mill, 5th-6th c.
Facade of the turbine house of Assad dam of the Euphrates, whose supplies large parts of Northern Syria with electricity
Modern painted panel with ‘Ajami decoration in Ziad Baydoun´s workshop in Malaysia
Painting of a calligraphy work of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Mohammad Haj Qab in the age of 17 working with the craft of ‘Ajami
Madrasat al-Firdaws, west wall of iwan opposite the prayer hall
View into tent of nomadic family of Tayy-tribe
Exterior view of Krak des chevaliers (Qalʿat al-Husn)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, dome of the prayer hall
A view shows monasteries and residential buildings, Saydnaya
As-Sa'a roundabout in the city of Raqqa
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, western facade
Jabla, Remains of the Roman Theater
The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar
Agriculture in ar-Ruj plain
Capital in the Byzantine Cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush
[ Description by author: Ein anderer Typ der byzantinischen Kapitelle. Im Hintergrund Trommeln von Halbsäulen. ]
Corner pilaster topped by Corinthian capital, Ithriya Temple
und sein Kapitell, vermutlich an der ~ Nordwest-Ecke (?). [Original:'Ithriya (Seriana),']
General view of of Damascus city with the Umayyad Mosque
View from northeast, Agora and commercial center
[ Description by author: der Agora, Blick von ~ Nordosten. Durch das Tor ganz rechts (es ist das selbe wie Bild 0704 links) sieht man in die Agora. Dieser Annex ist der eigentliche Handelsplatz von Palmyra und war wegen der Kamele auch nicht gepflastert. Hier wurde auch der berühmte (Zoll)Tarif vom April 137 n. Chr. gefunden. S. auch Bild 0707 ! ]
Raqqa countryside, Men in a traditional tent in Suwaydiyya Kabira village
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - The minaret seen from the street
A sculpture of a woman, showing clothes and jewelry details
General view of the Umayyad Mosque, Damascus
Inner courtyard, vault, corridor, minaret, dome
Mushannaf, Small Roman Temple
Al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus
[ Description by author: [Original: Gesehen von ~ Südwesten. Es bildete das östliche Ende der Geraden Straße, deren ursprüngliche Struktur hier noch gut zu erkennen ist. Alles Drumherum ist modern.- Khâlid Ibn al-Walîd betrat Damaskus bei der Eroberung 634 durch dieses Tor. Vgl. Bild 0324 !] ]
Habuba Kabira, how three cantilever domes are connected (two cantilever domes are posed on a relieving arch)
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Entrance corridor in front of the collapsed cupola house
The Assyrian villages on the Khabur with their domed houses were built by the French Mandate Government for Christian refugees from Turkey and Iraq.
People near the historical city Wall of Raqqa
Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway
Palmyra, Palm grove, view at Bel Temple
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade- decoration on the top part of a window niche
A top part of a window niche framed by double muqarnas plates and carved serrated border
A stand selling sandwiches in Damascus
A photo of archaeological remains belonging to the castle of Shayzar
An olive and vegetable grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
General view of Hiraqla victory monument, near Raqqa
Pre-drawn patterns of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
New buildings still empty for agricultural purposes in the Ghab-plain
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the eastern side facing Hammam Manjak
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
Remains of a courtyard at Ibn Mʿan Castle
Rural life in Qalamun mountains (Antilibanon): peasants returning home from grape harvest
An abandoned building in Circassian district, Raqqa
[Original: Tscherkessenviertel]
Umayyad Mosque, the facade of the prayer hall and the Qaytbay minaret
Bab al-Maqam, gate's arch
Remains of the western gate of the temple of Jupiter
An orchard in the Ghuta of Damascus
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, view of the western facade and dome of the mausoleum
The sanctuary (cella) of Bel Temple
[Original: Baal-Heiligtum, Cella, ca. 17 - 32 n.Chr.]
Examples of embroidery stitches
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
The Byzantine Tower in Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
[Original: "Heir al-Garbi"]
An aerial photograph of the city of Raqqa, showing the wall and the old mosque (original photo: Mohamad Al-Roumi)
View from southwest, Agora
[ Description by author: Blick von ~ Südwesten diagonal über den Platz mit Resten der Portiken. Ganz rechts ein Durchgang zum Annex., vgl. Bild 0711 ! ]
General view of Jabal Haramun (Mount Hermon)
Bayt Wakil, detail of windows and courtyard decoration
Decoration of the qaʿa (guest room) in the Quwatli House
Kämpferkonsole in der Qa'a
The nord thalamos in the cella, Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Cella: Nord-Thalamos für die Götter-Triade Aglibol (Mondgott) - Bel (oberster Himmelsgott) - Yarhibol (Sonnengott). ]
Khan al-Jumruk, general view showing the mosque's dome and the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - stone carved Arabic inscriptions
The entrance contains inscriptions on three bays.
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, damage mapping (English)
The waqf (endowment) complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha has suffered serious damage in several areas. This includes the khan on the north side and the eastern and western qaysariyya. Without removing the rubble, no final statement can be made about the extent of damage. Most likely, there was a total loss in the areas affected by the April 2015 tunnel bomb explosion. The western portion of the waqf complex, including its front facade, is still standing but is noticeably damaged. Two of the most important buildings of the waqf complex of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha survived: the mosque and the coffeehouse at the south. The uniquely decorated facade of the hall of the coffeehouse, as well as its first row of vaults, were destroyed. The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Dar'a, al-Jamiʿ (mosque) al-ʿUmari, arcade
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami wall panels decorating the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
Bayt Wakil, courtyard (restaurant)
scan 1996 الشعيبية
A small noria (water wheel) on the Orontes river
One of the small norias in Hama which appears to be very similar to the large norias with its wheel of trunks and stone base.
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, stone arches
A woman with her children and a spindle in her left hand
In the background lies a self-woven rug
Jurn Kabir, Well on the shore terrace, overlooking the wide flood plain of the Euphrates, which was flooded in the Tishrin reservoir
A side of al-Mudiq castle shows some of its towers
View of the Orontes River with rapids
Horse harness manufacturer in the town of ar-Raqqa
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., Apse and south façade
[Original: Basilika, vor 469, SO-Seite]
Palmyra, Remains of Allat Temple- Camp of Diocletian
[ Description by author: Gesehen von ~ Nord-Nord-Ost: rechte Seite und Rückwand. Ganz links das Temenos-Tor. ]
Outside of the surrounding wall of Halabiyya fortress
Al-Khubra lake in Jabal Says
Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves
Capitals of the Simeon monastery are often decorated with waving acanthus leaves as a northern Syrian peculiarity.
(Dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
Photos of Qubbat as-Sayyar ['Saiyer'], No. 96[B]
The Buwayda pond at the foot of the Ayyubid citadel in Salkhad
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Courtyard of the Great Mosque, Hama
Temple of ad-Dumayr from the inside
[ Description by author: Gesehen nach ~ Nordwesten. Man blickt auf die innere Schmalwand mit rechts und links den beiden "Kammern" (deren Rückwand die originale äußere ~ Westwand ist) und in der Mitte dem Durchgang, dessen "Rückwand" die islamische Zumauerung bildet. Vgl. Bild 0384 - 0386 ! ]
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, view to the west across the courtyard
View to the west. The space is 02 in general, according to the ground plan. Here the minbar 14 and secondary spaces 08-01 are seen.
Hama, General view of al-Madiq castle from the southern side
Raqqa, Northeast Complex
A photo of villagers at the entrance of traditional building under construction, Raqqa
One of the square towers of Masyaf Castle
A traditional house in Jabʿadin
Jurn Kabir, wooden door bar lock, seen from the interior side
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the great iwan)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the main entrance
Roman grave behind the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), details of the hall facade situated on eastern side of the courtyard
A photo from the beginning of 20th century in Badiyat ash-Sham
Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway
[Original: Zitadelle, v.a. vom Ayyubiden-Sultan Zahir Ghazi (reg. 1193 - 1215) umgestaltet. Haupttor mit achtbogiger Brücke]
Columns with Corinthian capitals- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya
Tall Halaf with the Khabur-valley, seen from the northeast during the rainy season
Sacrophagi decorated with sculptures of the dead
the damage of the minaret and the west-south part of the mosque.
Damascus Gate on the south eastern side of the City Wall, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
~ Ostseite, Abschnitt zur Stadt. Gesehen von der ~ Westseite nach ~ Osten. [Original:Tall Mardîkh (Ebla)']
One of the towers of Shayzar Castle
A chamber in the bath of Harim Castle
Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen
Some of inner parts, Qalʿat Salah ad-Din
Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Khan al-Wazir, general view
Al-Kilaniyya neighborhood in Hama
A general view that shows the historic an-Nuri Mosque and in front of it the set of al-Kilaniyya norias on the left bank of Orontes River.
Yabrud: residential buildings as road-accompanying development
Street view with central hall house. This type of house is a local variation (of the Qalamun Mountains) of a house form known since mid of the 19th century, mostly from Lebanon. It has a shaded entrance with an arcade of three arches on round columns on the ground floor, above it on the upper floor a repetition as open seating area. Stone façade is made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. On the upper floor, a balcony extends over the entire facade. These houses might have been built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Suq al-Buzuriyya: shops with candied fruit, sugar-coated nuts and other sweets
Shop
Ajiqbash house, view of the courtyard, south-east corner
The former courtyard house of a merchant family served as Aleppo’s Museum of Popular Traditions. The house is severely damaged, especially the open living space facing the courtyard (Iwan).
Tomb tower of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs
Bab Antakiya, general view of the gate with the city's wall
The interior of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya
A mechanical loom in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance
shap_import_61539
Maʿlula, St.Tekla Convent during the Holy Cross feast on september 14th
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, the upper part of the entrance - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
{Original: Maulbeerbaum }. on the photo was mentioned: date of creation between 1985-86
Village of ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the living room of the central hall house of a Kurdish family
Mosque of as-Sayyida Zaynab, Nahiyat Babbila
[ Description by author: Sayyida Zainab ist eine Tochter von 'Ali und Fatima, somit Schwester von Husain und Hasan und Enkelin des Propheten, außerdem Tante der Sayyida Raqîya, einer Tochter Husains, die ebenfalls in Damaskus begraben ist (vgl. Bild 0251 - 0253 !). laut sunnitischer Tradition ist Sayyida Zainab allerdings in Kairo begraben ....... Die Anlage wurde ab 1990 errichtet, vermutlich weitgend mit Geld aus Iran.- Gesehen von ~ Norden. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, general view of the madrasa from the Great Mosque minaret
Habuba Kabira, the plastered new dome house and its garden
Jisr ash-Shughur, the ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle
al-Husn Church, Remains of the basilica after its demolition and turning the site into an agricultural field
ThMap of the irrigation oasis of Damascus in 1969
The irrigation oasis of Damascus - attempt a summary display. Ledend and ruler. [Original: Die Bewässerungsoase von Damaskus - Versuch einer Überblicksdarstellung]
General view of Maʿlula
[ Description by author: Gesehen bei der Anfahrt von ~ Süden. Auf dem Berg hinten links Kirche und Kloster der Heiligen Sergios (Mâr Sarkîs) und Bacchos.- Ma'lûlâ und eine Nachbargemeinde sind die einzigen Orte, in denen noch bis ins 20. Jh. Aramäisch gesprochen wurde, heute ist es praktisch ausgestorben.- Der GPS-Tag ist approximativ. ]
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, interior view of prayer hall dome
al-Malikiyya - ʿAyn al-Khadra, Basalt Tombs
View to Jabal ʿAruda on the right bank of the Euphrates
al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, northern facade - marble plaque dated 1315 AH and sealed by the Sultan ʿAbd al-Hamid Khan (Tughra)
General view of Maʿlula town in 1930s
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Khan Qurdbak, courtyard and iwan
Fresco above the apse of the church, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: Triumphbogen über der Apsis, linker Teil und Mitte (Fortsetzung s. Bild 0488 !). Phase III. ]
Bayt Ghazala, courtyard - northern facade
Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a general view of the the valley around the twin castle
The wooden pulpit (minbar) in the prayer room of an-Nuri Mosque
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, hall dome - squinch and muqarnas
Hubert Mezannar, son of Antoine Elias Mezannar. In the background is the certificate of a gold medal, the family won in 1936 on Damascus International Fair.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Antoine Mezannar brought mechanical looms from Lyon with electric motors to Damascus and became one of the first consumers of electricity in Damascus.
View from south to the church of Kharab Shams
[Original: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, von W]
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minaret
[Original:'Jâmi' at-Tawâshi, Halab / Aleppo. Oberer Teil des Minaretts.'].
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, western facade - al-Midan
25 pounds (Commemorative coins: twenty-fifth anniversary of Corrective Movement), 25 mm, 1995
At-Tabqa , Minaret of the Mosque at Jaʿbar Castle.
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, southern part, ground floor plan before demolition
Before destruction of southern part in 1950, copy. Size of plan 42 x 30. no scale. [Original on plan: الجبهة بحالتها الراهنة]
Hillside houses of Armanaz on a mountain slope
General view of al-Qadmus Castle on a natural rocky hill
25 piastres (Commemorative coins: 25th anniversary of al-Baath Party), 20,3 mm, 1972
Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)
[Original: Apsiden der Ostbasilika von außen]
Maps of Aleppo: functional zoning in the ancient city, 1982
Thematic map of Aleppo ancient city-center: Functional zoning. Scale 1:2000, ruler and legend: - Retail I (higher level, western style), - Retail II (more simple/ traditional), - Retail III (basic level), - Retail IV (for rural customers), - Quarter suq I (rich assortment), - Quarter suq II (simple & handycrafts), - Wholesale I (offices & delivery/higher standard), - Wholesale II (warehouse/ lower standard), - Wholesale III (warehouse for purchase/ agricultural materials), - Warehouse (basic for retail, wholesale and crafts), - Basic usage I (storage, garbage, cattle), - Basic usage II (housing in non-housing buildings), - Crafts I (modern western), - Crafts II (traditional+technolgy), - Crafts III (traditional, basic), - Religious building, - Hammam, Schooll, - Traditional Coffeehouse, - Public authority-health-military use. [Original in German: Aleppo: Funktionale Gliederung | Karte 3] Inventory no. stamp: Museum für Islamische Kunst Isl 85/31 2 Berlin-Dahlem. Part of TAVO Reihe B Nr. 58
Khusrawiyya,detail of the ornamental paneling of the Mosque in 2008
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, ground plan and sectional drawings through the large hall
In the ground plan, the parts demolished in the fifties of the 20th century for a road extension were added. On the right, a north-south section through the large domed hall (above) and another from west to east. The plans have been redrawn as a CAD file by the BTU Cottbus, based on a draft by Jean-Claude David and Thierry Grandin.
Qanawat, General view of the nymphaeum
Roman mosaic, National Museum of Damascus
[ Description by author: Die Bilder 0113 - 0116 sind eine durchgängige Folge links > rechts aus einem römischen Mosaik. Leider habe ich damals versäumt zu notieren, aus welcher Gegend Syriens es stammt. Hier: ein Bär attakiert Equiden. ]
Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior
Aleppo Great Mosque, prayer hall interior
A Bedouin woman is weaving with a horizontal loom
Terraced grain fields on the western slope of the coastal mountain range (Jabal Ansariyya)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, inscription above the entrance of additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)
B63 Film-VI Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (Hijaziyya)
Motifs in Saz style, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Olive groves near Harim
Weekly market in Maskana, at the end of a sales day
At-Takiyya al-Mawlawiyya, prayer hall (old Midan)
al-Burayj, General view of the Monastery of Saint Daniel, 6th c. AD
Natural view near the village of ʿArna on Jabal ash-Shaykh
Raqqa/Rafiqa, Wall decoration in the Iwan of Qasr al-Banat
[Original: Detail vom Palast Iwan/ nach Sarre-Herzfeld]
Khan Qurdbak, iwan, first floor plan
First floor with iwan [22], size of plan 60 x 40 . with ruler (no scale ).
Al-Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard
A view of the Mediterranean coast, in the back is the industrial sector, Baniyas
Engraving at the left of the portal of northern thalamos, cella of Bel Temple
[ Description by author: Cella, Nord-Thalamos, links vom Portal: Ädikula, darüber eine Art Obelisk (oder ein Altar ?). ]
Busra - (pool) Birkat al-Hajj
Palmyra, View from hilltop towards the Valley of the tombs and the palm groves
Bayt Wakil, entrance
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, entrance - inscriptions surround the iwan and above its arch
Khan al-Wazir, decorations and windows on top of the entrance's internal facade
Ploughing at a grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Khan al-Jumruk, internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall entrance - floral motifs decorating a column
Jamiʿ Sharaf, inscription above ad-Darih
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
Arched window of perforated stucco, al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
[ Description by author: zum Innenhof. ]
ِAleppo, Khan as-Sabun, partial view from eastern arcade in the first floor
Temple of Bel behind palm trees
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, view of southern window of al-Malik az-Zahir Ghazi tomb
The window topped by an inscription panel
Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance
Sarcophagus at Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman Museum
[Original: Khan Murad Pascha, Weinspende-Grabreliquar, 6. Jh. (?)]
Inner face of the southern walls of Halabiyya, tower 3
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) Fatima, exterior view
Arwad, Ayyubid fort, entrance
[Original: al-Burj al-Ayyubi]
In the sleeping compartment of the tent of a semi-nomadic family from Maskana-region
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex
Women wearing screen-printed headscarfs (Habari)
Madrasat al-Firdaws, inner iwan and courtyard with lobed octagonal basin
ar-Rusafa, Goat hair tent erected for a funeral service
Bayt Wakil, reception hall
Eastern entrance of Suq al-Hamidiyya, Old Damascus
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
Near Qa'alat ar-Rahaba, Shrin Shaykh Shibliy. [Original:'Bei QAL'AT ar-RAHABA, Grabbau = SAIH SIBLI']
Busra - Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Mabrak from the outside
Part of colored and golden mosaic on the courtyard facade, Umayyad Mosque
[ Description by author: Von Norden: Mosaiken am großen Bogen, linker Teil. ]
Near Habuba Kabira, a family trip by boat to their former village, that was flooded in 1973 by the Tabqa-Dam
Krak des Chevaliers in West Syria, 12th C.
Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration
Ziad Baydoun in his workshop in Malaysia
Fixation of a horizontal loom in the ground
Aerial view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn (castle) from the west
Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum
A side from the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Tür zum Hof
Khan al-Jumruk, decorations and windows on the internal facade of the Khan's entrance
Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Interior view of Qanawat theater
Khan Qurdbak, eastern portico
Amrit, Melqart temple (Eshmoun), central shrine
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., West and south facades from southwest
The tower tombs, Valley of the Tombs
[ Description by author: Links der Turm des Maliku (vvgl. Bild 0576, 0815, 0822 !), rechts der des Jambliqu. Davor in der Mitte das Tempelgrab, links davon der untere Teil eines Turmes der Justinianischen Stadtmauer (Nordseite). Gesehen von ~ Nordosten. ]
A small window in the middle of a niche- upper floor, Qal‘at Shayzar
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Floral frieze decoration; National Museum Damascus, from ar-Raqqa
Madrasa al-Hallawiyya: interior view at the former Byzantine apse
Parts of the Byzantine cathedral (5th c.) were integrated into a religious college (Medrese) in the 12th century. During the war, the monument was damaged and plundered.
Citadel of Aleppo, courtyard of the Palace of al-Malik al-ʿAziz Muhammad
View to the east, courtyard of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs
The courtyard of the mosque: to the left is the riwaq (arcade hall), opened to the north, and to the right the northern facade of the courtyard.
Jabla, Sultan Ibrahim Mosque, Interior view of a dome
A grove in the Ghouta of Damascus
Bayt Ajiqbash, view of the courtyard interior
shap_import_63540
Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, entrance to the prayer hall
Eating breakfast in the shop
The entrance of the Tomb (Hypogeum) of the Three Brothers
A view of the main facade, the Convent of Our Lady of Saydnaya
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
in der Westmauer, gesehen von ~ Nordwesten.
Upper part of the western facade, Maʿbad ad-Dumayr (Temple)
[Orignal: Wasserheiligtum, Dreiecksgiebel über Schmalseite]
Jurn Kabir, Woman demonstrating the production of a rod mat (arab. zarb) with the help of stone weights
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing
Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, cross surrounded by decorations
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
Tall Aswad
View of the old town from Maʿlula with its traditionally light blue painted facades
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minbar (pulpit) - inscription
Tall al-Biʿa - Aerial photograph
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., South facade, decoration detail of the central doorway
A photo of stairway with arches, Busra Citadel
HQ-k.K7 Aside from the Citadel, stairwell
Balcony above main portal of Khan al-Harir
Fortification tower north of the Bab Antakiya, view during the removal of historical annexes
A photo of two towers, Jaʿbar castle
View of Qaws Hadrian (Arch of Triumph) and the Great Colonnade
![[Lanzenreiter] . [The date can be 1913 according to Oppenheim reference: Reisen 1911 – 1939, Bd. 9: Djebel Abd el Aziz 1913]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_47044-1024x697.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
[Lanzenreiter] . [The date can be 1913 according to Oppenheim reference: Reisen 1911 – 1939, Bd. 9: Djebel Abd el Aziz 1913]
Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Arched niche in al-Kahf Castle
![The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-مجمع قصر الحسيني 1_SYRHER]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2Fshap_import_75454-1024x768.png&h=230&q=90&f=.png)
The South-western part of Bayt al-Husainin with the minrat of its mosque. [Original photo name: as-i-مجمع قصر الحسيني 1_SYRHER]
Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - view of dome pendentives
shap_import_60896
Bimaristan an-Nuri, small iwan
Temporary title for Image 44445
Aside of the Ruins
Bimaristan an-Nuri, door puller of main wooden entrance door
Deserted houses in Jabal al-Hus south of Aleppo
View at a group of abandoned, deserted dome houses appear to be in a poor condition.
Busra - Hammam Manjak - Restoration works
Bayt Wakil, fountain of the reception hall (qaʿa)
ʿAyn Dara, Bas-relief motif decorating some steps of the main entrance, southern façade of Ishtar Temple
Exterior northern facade and the entrance of at-Taynabiyya Mausoleum-Mosque
[ Description by author: mit dem Ersatz-"Minarett". ]
Minaret and dome of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, Salamiyya
Gesehen vermutlich vom Dach des Hauses der Ghâli (Hishâm und Amjad) nach ~ Westen, vgl. Bild 1049 ! - Salamiya ist der (syrische) Hauptort der Ismailiten (Zweig der Shî'a) unter ihrem (derzeitigen) Oberhaupt Karîm Aga Khân. [Original: 'Salamiya (Salamias)']
Tombe carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Tele-Konverter-Ausschnitt, eindeutig auf das rechte Grab von Bild 0406 / 0408. ]
Khan al-Wazir, view of the arcade
Yabrud: Streetlife with shops and residential houses, townspeople and peasants
Street view with houses and a village scene of a farmer with cart and draught animal. The buildings along the road show a local architecture (of the Qalamun Mountains): one to two-storey stone facades with triple openings in the upper floors. Middle door and side windows, all with round arches and a balcony in front. A symmetrical stone façade made of cleanly carved limestone and slender arched windows. These houses will probably be built in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations
Bimaristan Arghun, view of side portico of main courtyard
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, the upper part of the entrance
Busra, view of the Westgate of the Decumanus Maximus
Bâb al-Kandîl (Laternentor), Hauptstraße, von Süden aus der Straße zum Theater. Man erkennt gut die Sockel der ehemaligen Südfassade.
Tall al-Biʿa - general view
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, entrance
A minaret rises above al-Bab ash-Sharqi
Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, courtyard and the southern portico
Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum
Glass cup and drinking glass from ar-Raqqa ; National Museum Damscus
Habuba Kabira, the stacked bricks under the relieving arch are removed by the master bilder
Mausoleum Ahmad Basha, general view of the facade
[ Description by author: Erbaut 1316. Zwei Kuppeln auf achteckigem Tambour, Eingangs-"Iwân". Die Nische rechts neben dem "Iwân" ist möglicherweise ein Brunnen. Gesehen wohl von ~ Nordwesten. ]
Palmyra, view from afar of Qalʿat Ibn Mʿan (castle)
seen from the south
A woman putting mud in molds to form bricks in a village in Raqqa
warp threads of dyed silk in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, one of the flying buttresses supporting the prayer hall dome
Wakil House, dome of qaʿa (reception hall)
view at the dome on top of the representative reception hall (Qaʿa). It is standing on a polygonal drum (tambour) with windows for lighting.
Interior view to the west showing the courtyard and the entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri
[ Description by author: Innenseite, gesehen über den Innenhof nach ~ Westen. ]
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, view of the portico and the domes from outside
A view in Wadi Barada
[Original:' Jarmuktal'].. The Bavarian air force division 304b was based in Palestine from 25. October 1917 and was involved in the First World War until the division left the region, over Aleppo, in mid September 1918. During that period, over 3000 glas photographs, mostly aerial, have been made. Those early photographs were important for the archaeological research in the Middle East region.
Busra, Hammam Manjak, Restoration works
Busra, Hammam Manjak, the hot section (juwwani)
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), section from the interior (the courtyard)
size of plan 21 x 15 . scale 1:100 .
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, capital of a column of a portico
Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall
The core of the hall was only partially damaged, while the section of the central dome with its high lantern was, for the most part, destroyed.
Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge
Bayt Junblat, western facade of the women hall (Haramlik)
General view of ancient house and grave building, al-Bara
Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wooden panels of Bayt ad-Dahhan (Funduq Qasr al-Mansuriyya), 18th century
Fresco on the apse, Roman Orthodox St. Elian Church, Homs
[ Description by author: Fresken der Kalotte. Sie sollen aus dem 12. Jh. stammen. In der Mitte ein thronender Christus, flankiert links von Maria und Maria Magdalena, rechts von Johannes dem Täufer und dem Evangelisten Johannes . Darunter rechts und links in den Medaillons die vier Evangelisten. ]
Habuba Kabira, clay bricks are drying - at the edge of the village, because there is enough space
Raqqa, a side of Qasr al-Banat
(Dome) Qubbat as-Sayyar on Qasyun mountain
Mountains around Palmyra (parts of Palmyra Chains)
Remains of Busra cathedral
Mushabbak, Byzantine basilica, view from south
Bayt Ghazala, eastern facade - red hall (qaʿa)
Tombe carved into the rock, ʿAyn as-Sahib
[ Description by author: Das Grab von Bild 0411 in Untersicht. Im Tympanon war wohl ursprünglich ein Kopf. ]
Raqqa countryside, a traditional wedding ceremony in Suwaydiyya Kabira village
Ras Shamra, Remains of the Ugarit kingdom
A view towards the Euphrates, Jabal ʿAruda
The shrine of Shaykh ʿAqil al-ʿUmari al-Manbiji
A photo of villagers in front of traditional building under construction, Raqqa
Mosaic in the mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars
[Original: Zahiriya, Mausoleum des az-Zahir Baibars, 1277, Glasmosaiken]
Interior view, courtyard of Jamiʿ al-Imam Ismaʿil
Khan Qurdbak, decoration details above a window in the iwan
Busra, Hammam Manjak, iwan in the cold section (barrani)
Bayt Ghazala, view of the bathhouse
Khan al-Wazir, the mosque
Dead Cities, Kirkbiza: A team of mule and oxen pulling a metal plough.
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Eastern North Complex; Middle Trench
The courtyard of al-Jami‘ al-ʿUmari in Busra
View to the northeast, Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: in seiner Landschaft. Etwas anderer Standort als Bild 0493, Blick nach ~ Nordosten. ]
Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)
South-Thermae, view from the colonnade
View from south-west, Basilica of Kharab Shams
[Original. Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem, von SW. Nach dem Einsturz der Seitenschiffe bei einem Erdbeben ist nur noch das Mittelschiff erhalten. Fensterhochwand mit Rechteckfenstern stammt aus dem 4. Jh., die mit Rundbogenfenstern aus dem 6. Jh.]
Raqqa - finds discovered in the site "East of Raqqa", the Eastern Complex, clay decorations
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
Citadel of Aleppo, general view of the Theater
Two-storey villa, Sirjilla
Northeast Tower, Khan al-Hallabat
[ Description by author: (der rechte von Bild 0944) und Eingang, gesehen von Südosten. ]
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, west facade - entrance blocked by a wall with a door opening surmounted by an arch
On the photo was mentioned: creation date between 1985-86]
Al-Bimaristan an-Nuri, Ornaments above the door lintel
General view of the Monastery of Mar Musa al-Habashi
[ Description by author: und rechts die Unterkünfte für "Suchende". Gesehen von der Anhöhe ~ nördlich des Klosters. Im Vordergrund der "Aufweg" vom Parkplatz am Austritt des Wadi in die Ebene. ]
A view of al-Marqab castle from the bottom of the hill
Maronite Cathedral, lower part of one of the cathedral towers
Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - founding inscription
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), inscription above the main entrance
Appliqué for the decoration of textiles
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
Engraving of Aglibol (god of the moon), Temple of Bel
[ Description by author: Detail aus Bild 0637: Aglibol an seinem Altar, hinter ihm ein Adler mit einem Palmzweig. ]
Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - Islamic inscription
The prayer hall's arches of the Umayyad Mosque
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
General view of ʿAyn al-ʿArus
Cows in a grove, the Ghouta of Damascus
Near Tall Abyad, view of ʿAyn al-ʿArus lake
Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)
The unique wooden minbar, or pulpit, belongs to the Mamluk era as indicated by the inscribed name of the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, son of Qalawun (d. 741 AH / 1341 AD). The carpenter’s name is Muhammad ibn ʿAli al-Mawsili.
Museum of Palmyra / Tadmur, Stone-relief with figural decoration
An Arabic inscription on the wall of Qal‘at Shayzar
Warp threads in a mill of the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, prayer hall's entrance - muqarnas and inscription documenting the date of building accomplishment
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, interior view: courtyard and rooms from outside
Bahra mit Moscheefront 1917?
Archaeological excavation at Balis
Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen
Qalb Lawza, Basilica of 5th c., decorative door of reliquary room in southern facade (east)
The relics of Symeon were located in the southern apse side room. This martyrion can be recognized from the outside by the third door in the south wall and by a tiny window next to the door through which the pilgrims could be supplied with holy oil. A direct door into the sanctuary suggests that the Symeon relic was also used during the service. The windows are bordered by a particularly elaborately designed cornice band. The façade also has oblique grooves and square depressions, probably from the base of a sloping roof and its purlins.
Zayzun waterfalls of a tributary into Yarmuk river (border Syria/Jordan)
Telegraph column, topped with a miniature of a mosque, Sahat (square) al-Marja
Covered small alley in Halbun with traditional houses
Carved giant footprints at the threshold of the entrance of ʿAyn Dara temple
at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls
Jurn Kabir, the fertile plain of the Euphrates with floodplain forest in the background before the flooding of the Tishrin Dam
Stone coffins in the southern Palace, Ebla (Tall Mardikh)
shap_import_48464
In the Syrian desert: the separation of the living and the storage compartment in a bedouin tent with the help of a stick mat (arab. zarb)
Large patchwork curtains cover the stacks of bedding and - as here - the partition wall separating the two tent sections. The girls of the family sew these huge patchwork curtains. The living compartment of the tent is visible on #2852 and #2853.
Aleppo, Khan as-Sabun, view at eastern arcade in the first floor
A side of excavated building in Tall Mardikh (Ebla)
shap_import_48438
Raqqa, Grand Abbasid Mosque - Plan
Al-Bara, Pyramid Tomb A, 6th century
The Mausoleum A with its pyramid-shaped roof lies in the middle of oil plantations. The wealth of the region was based on the production of olives.
Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall entrance
Qal‘at (castle) Shayzar from the inside
Mausoleum az-Zahir Baybars, mosaics covering the southern wall
Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, entrance
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, general view from outside
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
[ 87/ 59/ 1789] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,]. On the back of the photo: [87/59].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
Ecological and botanical garden near Damascus citadel
Ecological and botanical garden
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main northern facade
A side from the ruins of Halabiyya-Zalabiyya
Remains of the Praetorium from east, Balis (Barbalassos)
South Temple in ʿAtil, remains of the main façade (partially distorted at present by the transformation of the building into a residence)
Khusrawiyya, Friday Mosque, view of an window with ablaq and ceramic tiles
Naʿurat al-Muhammadiyya (waterwheel), the biggest noria in Hama
Madrasat al-Firdaws, the marble prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with floral and geometric motifs
[Original:'Madrasa al-Firdaus, Halab / Aleppo. Mihrâb.].
East and south side of the cella of Bel Temple
The apse of eastern cathedral, Afamiya
Hama, general view of the Jisriyya (waterwheel)
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
The Great Colonnade: southeastern passage
[ Description by author: zur Rundstraße um das Theater im 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße, gesehen von ~ Norden. Der vordere Bogen ist der linke (> Tetrapylon) der Kolonnade, der hintere enspricht der Linie der Häuserfronten.. ]
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall (qaʿa) from the inside
A photo taken from the southern side towards Ibn Mʿan's castle
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade
Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (Arabic)
The Khusrawiyya is severely destroyed. The northern arcade and parts of the western wing of the complex are damaged. There are parts which are still under rubble. The degree of damage is around 80%. The center of the explosion crater, produced in 2014, is located beneath the prayer room, i.e. in the domed hall of the Friday mosque, which doesn’t stand anymore. Most likely, the foundations are lost inside the inner area of the crater, while the rest of the area may contain remains of the building, perhaps sufficient for possible reconstruction. No action regarding the protection or management of the rubble has been done yet.
al-Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya, Decorative details in the eastern facade
[ Description by author: und Schriftband an der Ostwand der Madrasa, vgl. Bild 0235 ! ]
Busra Theater, one of the main destinations for tourists
Hammam an-Nahhasin, the cold section (barrani)
The platforms of the external section (barrani) are divided by wooden barriers with geometric forms, and the walls are also covered with wooden panels. Due to the continuous use of this bathroom, the platforms are upholstered for the convenience of visitors.
Khan Qurdbak, main entrance
Qalʿat al-Marqab (Castle), Inscription framed with decorations
Bimaristan Arghun, view of the main courtyard and the portico
The southern-western tower of Damascus Citadel
Hadiqat al-Umma (al-Umma Park) in Damascus
A side from the Citadel of Busra
[Originalbeschriftung: HQ-k.K7]
Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq
Fresco paintings on the ceiling of tomb tower of Elahbel
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, eastern facade - window within a rectangular niche decorated with muqarnas
Funerary sculpture of a Palmyrene couple
[Original: Museum: Grabrelief für ein Ehepaar]
Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Small fledgeling shelters in the form of domes, to be closed by night with stones
Raqqa, A side of Qasr al-Banat
Detail of a decorated wooden panel of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
A truck transporting raw cotton bags stops at some bedouin tents in Raqqa-countryside
Habuba Kabira, shell of a dome house made of clay bricks
Busra, remains of the Byzantine Cathedral
Near Safira, upper opening in a dome , used to fill in straw or chaff
Qasr Ibn Wardan, the church
[Original: Kirche (Kuppelbasilika mit Emporen), Südseite (873-876)]
Madrasat al-Firdaws, Decorative details of one of the arcade columns capital
Bayt Wakil, facade of the reception hall (qaʿa)
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan, section east-west
Seize of plan 80 x 38, with ruler (no scale).
Khan al-Hibal, the southern facade from inside
Great Mosque of Aleppo, view at courtyard, from 1907
View in eastern direction with the citadel in the background and the pavilions for ritual washing (Abolutionary) visible in the inner courtyard (Sahn). Out of a group of glass-plate photographs from a donation by Prof. Friedrich Sarre to the Museum für Islamische Kunst in Berlin in 1947!
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of the minaret
The only minaret in Aleppo with two galleries.
Tall Abyad, Historical watermil of ʿAyn al ʿArus
Relief with vine tendrils
[Original: Bauornamentik]
Habuba Kabira, Construction of the relieving arch, on which 2 cantilever domes are to rest
An alley in one of Damascus's old neighborhoods
Small wadi in the desert of Badiyat ash-Sham
Drawings at the entrance Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi
[Original: Malerei im Tor]
Palm groves
Bayt Junblat, southern iwan - marble decoration
Function of shafts or heddles
Drawings by Estibaliz Sienra Iracheta to illustrate processes of traditional textile manufacturing
At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle , one of the Castle's towers.
Bayt Wakil, dome of the reception hall
The nature in spring, Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Takiyyat ash-Shaykh Abu Bakr, al-Midan entrance
The southern end of the Great Colonnade at Afamiya
The facade of Arwad citadel
Arch of Triumph (Qaws Hadrian) from the inside
[ Description by author: Blick zurück aus dem 2. Abschnitt der Säulenstraße nach ~ Südosten. Im Hintergrund der Bel-Tempel. ]
al-Burayj, General view of the Monastery of Saint Daniel, 6th c. AD
[Description/Comment by the author:] Gesehen von ~ Südosten. Links Reste eines Turmes, der von manchen für der einer Kirche (die Steine links davon) gehalten wird. Das Gebäude rechts daneben enthält u.a. eine Kapelle, zum Türsturz vgl.Bild 2685 ! Dahinter die Pfeiler der dreistöckigen Galerie der Pilgerherberge. Das rechte Gebäude besteht aus zwei Teilen: links ein Turm, vermutlich der eines Einsiedlers, um den sich das Kloster entwickelte (der "Erker" wäre dann die Toilette), rechts ein angefügtes Gebäude, in dem sich Arcosol-Gräber befinden. Die Anlage stammt aus dem späten 6. Jh.. Vgl. Bild 2706 !
Raqqa countyside, shepherd with traditional woolen coat in the village Suwaydiyya Kabira
Hiraqla victory monument
Hiraqla (near ar-Raqqa), (MM: DAI 93/158)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, the dome of prayer hall (qibliyya)
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance
Al Madrasa al-Kamiliyya, courtyard and prayer hall facade
Hammam Bahram Basha, the main facade after the destruction
1
10 piastres (silver), 17 mm, 1929 (French Mandate)
shap_import_130398
al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, northwest corner of the large hall
Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance
Different goods and spices on display infront of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya
The Great Colonnade, Palmyra
Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche
Bayt Ajiqbash, traditional furniture in the guest room (qaʿa)
shap_import_63521
Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wooden panels of Bayt ad-Dahhan (Funduq Qasr al-Mansuriyya), 18th century
Stone carved panel on the ʿAyn Diwar bridge
The right part of the sacred complex gate, Mnin
[ Description by author: Der Zugang: rechter Teil eines Tores zum heiligen Bezirk.- Wenn hier und bei den folgenden Bilder "Römisch" angegeben ist, soll damit nur gesagt werden, dass die Anlage in heutiger Form zu dieser Zeit entstand und die Formensprache der "Reichskunst" benutzt wird. (The date of this photo was not sure as Peter Heiske did [(wohl) 08/05/1999)] ]
Raqqa, Remains of Qasr al-Banat
Az-Zawiya al-Hilaliyya, northern facade - al-Hijaziyya facade
Khan al-Jumruk, exterior facade of the Khan's entrance
Motifs of quarter flowers in Kara Memi, Aleppo Room wall frame, early 17th century
Detail of a decorated wooden panel of the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
Raqqa - Glass discovered at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
Northern Complex; glass jar (fragmented)
Burj as-Saʿa, general view
The historical sulfur spring of Afqa
[ Description by author: Nach Südwesten. Ich vermute, dieser Kanal, an dessen Eingang man hier steht, ist der Zugang zur eigentlichen Quelle. ]
Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer hall
The façade of al-Hayr al-Gharbi Palace, National Museum of Damascus
Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla
A woman with a screen-printed headscarf called Habari
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, the upper part - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Decoration in Jami al-Tuta or Jami ash-Shu'aybiyya. [Original: Jâmi' at-Tûta, Halab / Aleppo. "Maulbeerbaum-Moschee": Detail aus dem ayyubidischen Dekor an den Resten des Gebälks, vgl. Bild 1216 !']
Qanawat, Ruins of the Temple of Rabbos
Qanawat - Roman nympheum
Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, geometric decorations in the niche, built with bricks
The church of St Peter?, Saydnaya
[ Description by author: oder kleiner Tempel, Genaueres war nicht zu finden. Heute eine Kirche, Mar Butrus. Das Gebäude befindet sich in "100 yards" Entfernung vom Marienkloster, ich habe aber auf den Google-Karten nichts entdeckt und darum keinen GPS-Tag gesetzt. Eventuell steht es links an dem Kreisel südöstlich des Klosters, d.h. in der Nähe des Standortes von Bild 0419.- Zum Eingang links vgl. Bild 0422 ! ]
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), general view from the outside
shap_import_65803
Busra, View into the Cathedral, 6th C.
[Original: Kathedrale (den Märtyrern Sergios und Bacchios und dem Leontios geweiht), 512/13]
The ceiling of the guest room (qaʿa), al-Quwatli House
Decke der Ataba in der Qa'a
Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's western facade
shap_import_63412
Hama, View of the courtyard, Great Mosque
Khan al-Hibal, the stairs leading to the upper floor
Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985
[1985/72/977] = [photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no.]
A niche in an exterior wall of Harim Castle
Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, upper part of the entrance - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script
Bab Antakiya, main gate
Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance
Courtyard with fountain, Qasr As‘ad Basha al-'Azm
1929?
Roman sarcophagus with decorations, Qanawat
Interior view of the monastery, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil
[ Description by author: Bestimmung / Zwecke dieses Raumes ??? Vgl. Bild 0903 ! ]
Raqqa - excavations at the site "East Raqqa" - the northern complex
[ 87/ 58/ 1754] =[ photo's name as: year/ film no./ photo no,].. (Naming the area of the photo was done according to the list, although some they are similar but were done in different areas.)
Remains of ar-Raqqa Wall built of mud brick
Damascus, Glass Blowing Workshop near Bab Sharqi
[Original: LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01]
Temple of Mushannaf, southwest corner, pilaster capital
Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: ensemble of parts, general ground floor plan
Ensemble of conserved parts of palais, size of plan 55 x 45, with ruler (no scale).
General view Hama city, showing al-Muhamadiyya waterwheel (noria)
[Original: Blick auf die Stadt und ein Noria (Schöpfrad) am Stadtpark]
The Great Colonnade
A side of Agora
[ Description by author: Gesehen nach West-Süd-West. Ist das hier der Altar, und der Mauerdurchbruch die Nische für das Götterbild / den Betyl ? ]
Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard with fountains, minaret, northern and western arcades
Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script
At-Takiyya al-Ikhlasiyya (az-Zawiya ar-Rifaʿiyya), hall facade situated on eastern side of the courtyard
Bab Antakiya, main gate
The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC
[Original: Große Orientreise Nr.63 mit Rotel-Tours: Amman-Bagdad-Uruk-Babylon-Arbil-Mosul-Hatra-Samara-Mari-Dura Europos-Aleppo-Dayr Saman-Ugarit-Palmyra-Jarash]
View from Qalat al-Mudhiq to the lower village and the Ottoman Khan in the Orontes plain
Burj as-Saʿa, qastal window
Jamiʿ al-Utrush, general view of western facade and minaret
Busra, Hammam Manjak, hot section (juwwani)
Rooms of the proper bath after restoration
Model of the original setting of the reception room of Beit Wakil (Aleppo Room in the Museum for Islamic Art, State Museums Berlin)
The damage of the west-southern corner of the mosque.
North-East Syria, the Upper Euphrates
Palmyra, Grave in Diocletian's Camp
[ Description by author: Inneres des Grabes von Bild 0759. ]
General view of Masyaf Castle
![Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]](https://syrian-heritage.org/wp-content/plugins/justified-image-grid/timthumb.php?src=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrian-heritage.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2Fshap_import_44759.webp&h=230&q=90&f=.webp)
Tall Brak (Nagar), ruins of Naram-Sin Palace, 3rd millennuim BC. [Original photo name: naram sin palace2]
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Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - finds
Raqqa VIII; Eastern West Palace, SW-Neg.89/923-924
Tourist camels, Palmyra
[Original: Palmyra. Touristenkamele]
Part of a decorated wooden door with ‘Ajami decoration from the Damascus Room in the Dresden Museum for Ethnology
General view of Qarqbiza remains
Temple of Bel, 1st c. AD
This center of religious life was dedicated to the Mesopotamian weather god Baal. ISIS bombed he temple in 2015 .
View of the town of Halbun in the 1960s with gardens
Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations
Bimaristan Arghun, southern courtyard - view of open dome
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Muqarnas inside the Kahf Castle, ash-Shaykh Badr, Tartus Region
Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace - stucco decorations
Floral frieze decoration, Raqqa II; Eastern East-Palace
General view of Baalshamin Temple from the east
View of several buildings inside al-Marqab castle
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of a tower
City center of Raqqa with a barber, small suq-shops and mobile traders of vegetables and fruits
View from a far to the basilica in Kharab Shams
[Original: Säulenbasilika, 4. Jh. von weitem]
Bayt Dallal, a part of courtyard and iwan
View at Liwan and the Diwanchane
Aleppine Soap
The picture shows a section of the cubed laurel soap bar after drying. It is green on the inside.
Kafr Halab village, clay dome houses
A view from a high peak of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains
An artificial canal in Raʾs al-ʿAyn
Khan as-Sabun, view of eastern gallery, northern inner facade and building part inside of courtyard
Western and eastern altars which are fully preserved, al-Karasi
[ Description by author: "Die Sitze". Es sind vier Altäre, die in Form einer Raute aufgestellt sind - der vierte stand hinter zwischen den beiden voll erhaltenen. Die längere Achse - hier vom rechten zwischen den beiden anderen nach links - velief S > N, die voll erhaltenen sind also der westliche und der östliche Altar. Sie tragen Inschriften in Griechisch und Aramäisch (vgl. Bild 0571, 0572 und 0574, 0575 !), die besagen, dass die Altäre im Jahre 144 n. Chr. auf Kosten des Staatsschatzes errichtet wurden. Man vermutet, dass sie dem Schutz einer neuen Obstpflanzung dienten - noch heute, wenn auch auf den Fotos nicht zu sehen, wachsen viele Bäume in der Gegend, weswegen man die Altäre auch nur schwer findet ....... - Der GPS-Tag für diese sieben Bilder ist sehr approximativ ! ]
al-Lajat region, ancient cistern for storing water
A Sheikh with his family in traditional clothes. The man is wearing a black Abbaya
Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, angle niches below the dome in the mausoleum
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Citadel of Aleppo, Maqam Ibrahim - inscription in the courtyard
Mosaic of Orpheus, Shahba Museum
Bucket wheel (noria) and aqueduct in 1930
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Ghuta of Damascus, an old irrigation canal, 1963
The farmers of the Ghuta were able to benefit from the Barada and al-'Awaj rivers in the most possible way, through a water distribution system. The Barada River was divided into seven branches, as well as a subnet of canals covering all the lands of the Ghuta. The inhabitants of the Ghuta did not rely only on the water coming from these two rivers for the irrigation of their orchards, but rather they dug dozens of wells to benefit from the groundwater as well.
al-Lajat region, Roman road
Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner
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Remains of a Hexastyle Temple at Shahba
Note: these photos were taken between the year 1924 - 1939. The chosen date is to be average. (photographer unkown)
Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, facade of the hall entrance
[Original: B63 Film-VI]
Bayt Wakil, courtyard and fountain
The cella of Bel Temple, 1st c. AD
Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, view of the ablutions fountain
Baalshamin temple from the inside, 2nd c. AD
The small temple was consecrated to the Canaanite god of heaven. In 2015 it was blown up by ISIS.
Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band
Jurn Kabir, a rural house, where each room has its own door opening on the courtyard
The house is consisting of a living room (left door) and a family room (right door), where all assets are stored.
Spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family
Bayt Ghazala, ʿajami panels decorating the northern wing ceiling in the main reception hall (qaʿa)
Izraʿ, al-Jamiʿ (Mosque) al-ʿUmari - the courtyard
A photo of the courtyard of Bayt Shaykh Qatana before demolition
Bl.aus dem Liwan ü.d. Bahra
Lower part of Temple colomns, Harran al-ʿAwamid
[ Description by author: Wie an der linken Säule erkenntlich, wurde offensichtlich ein Basaltkern mit anderem Material (Kalkstein ?) umkleidet. Ich habe irgendwo auch etwas von nabatäischem Einfluss gelesen: diese Säulen-Umkleidung erinnert u.a. sehr stark an die im Löwen-Greifen-Tempel in Petra. Vgl. Bild 0373 ! ]
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