Dome of the mausoleum (turba) and madrasa of Amat al-Latif daughter of the an-Nasih al-Hanbali

Dome of the mausoleum (turba) and madrasa of Amat al-Latif daughter of the an-Nasih al-Hanbali

Al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya

Al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniya

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniya

Aleppo

Aerial view of war damage in ancient city of Aleppo by drone

Fig.01_Drone photograph showing damage in Aleppo

Damage pattern, total loss, explosion crater of al-Madrasa (and mosque) al-Khusrawiyya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 02-b, Catalogue of Damage

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Great Mosque of Aleppo, northern arcade, former gate of the madrasa Dar al-Quran al-ʿAshaʾiriyya

Great Mosque of Aleppo, northern arcade, former gate of the madrasa Dar al-Quran al-ʿAshaʾiriyya

Plan analysis from documentation to assessment

Animation before-after destruction of al-Khusrawiyya madrasa in Aleppo, Syria

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance

Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance

Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance

Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, minaret and entrance

Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the entrance from the interior

Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, the entrance from the interior

View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama

View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade – one of the two columns which frame a window

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Columns discovered during excavation

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace – vegetable stucco ornaments

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa, “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum