General view from the north, Temple of Bel

General view from the north, Temple of Bel

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of one of the towers, flanking the gate

Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, upper part of one of the towers, flanking the gate

A photo of two towers, Jaʿbar castle

A photo of two towers, Jaʿbar castle

Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway, hawker in foreground

Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway, hawker in foreground

Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway

Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway

Raqqa, The decorated outer facade of Baghdad Gate

Raqqa, The decorated outer facade of Baghdad Gate

Busra, The East Gate "Nabataean Gate"

Busra, The East Gate “Nabataean Gate”

Raqqa, the archway of Baghdad Gate

Raqqa, the archway of Baghdad Gate

The inner façade of Baghdad Gate, Raqqa

The inner façade of Baghdad Gate, Raqqa

Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction

Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction

Baghdad Gate of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 10th c. onwards

Baghdad Gate of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 10th c. onwards

A warping machine in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus

A warping machine in the textile factory of the Mezannar family in Damascus

Entrance door of the textile factory of the Mezannar family

Entrance door of the textile factory of the Mezannar family

Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family

Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family

Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family

Preparation of spools in the textile factory of the Mezannar family

Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower

Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

One of the towers of Damascus Citadel

One of the towers of Damascus Citadel

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Plan of building parts: example based on the plan of Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Umayyad-mosque-Aleppo_1_plan-of-building-parts

General view of Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Imam Ismaʿil

General view of Jamiʿ (mosque) al-Imam Ismaʿil

The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals

The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals

Raqqa, Baghdad gate

Raqqa, Baghdad gate

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, Façade decorations: three-lobed niches and arched frames resting on colonnette

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, geometric decorations in the niche, built with bricks

Raqqa, Baghdad Gate, geometric decorations in the niche, built with bricks

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra

The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra

View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets

View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets