Khan al-Wazir, general view

Khan al-Wazir, general view

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Stone engraving – hieroglyphic pictorial writing

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

Khan al-Wazir, general view

Khan al-Wazir, general view

Remains of the Great Colonnade

Remains of the Great Colonnade

The Great Colonnade

The Great Colonnade

The Great Colonnade

The Great Colonnade

Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace

Reception hall in al-ʿAzm Palace

Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard

Qasr al-ʿAzm, view of the ground floor courtyard

View from the portico towards the entrance of dome hall, al-ʿAzm Palace

View from the portico towards the entrance of dome hall, al-ʿAzm Palace

Exterior view from the south of the North Gate in ar-Rusafa.

Exterior view from the south of the North Gate in ar-Rusafa.

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, vertical declining sundial

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, vertical declining sundial

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Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas

Al-Madrasa ash-Sharafiyya, interior view of lobed dome carried by muqarnas

Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house

Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house

Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance

Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance

Raqqa, The decorated outer facade of Baghdad Gate

Raqqa, The decorated outer facade of Baghdad Gate

Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction

Raqqa, Bagdad Gate, Drawing of total reconstruction

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a4_Close-up view of carved ornamental star

Ajiqbash house, view of the courtyard, south-east corner

Ajiqbash house, view of the courtyard, south-east corner

Aleppo, Ajiqbash House, courtyard and iwan damages in 2018

Aleppo, Ajiqbash House, courtyard and iwan damages in 2018

A door of room beside the Iwan of Quwatli House

A door of room beside the Iwan of Quwatli House

The ceiling of the guest room (qaʿa), al-Quwatli House

The ceiling of the guest room (qaʿa), al-Quwatli House

Decoration of the qaʿa (guest room) in the Quwatli House

Decoration of the qaʿa (guest room) in the Quwatli House

Previous state, ornamental detail in main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a1_Close-up view of ornamental panel

Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway, hawker in foreground

Citadel of Aleppo, main entrance gateway, hawker in foreground

Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway

Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway

Busra, The East Gate "Nabataean Gate"

Busra, The East Gate “Nabataean Gate”

Raqqa, the archway of Baghdad Gate

Raqqa, the archway of Baghdad Gate