Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex (in situ)

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex (in situ)

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - finds

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace – finds

ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica

ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital

Columns with Corinthian capitals in one of Sirjilla's buildings

Columns with Corinthian capitals in one of Sirjilla’s buildings

Capital of a column- Temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid

Capital of a column- Temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid

Capital of column, courtyard of Bel Temple

Capital of column, courtyard of Bel Temple

Capital of column, portico of Bel Temple

Capital of column, portico of Bel Temple

Capital of the corner column, portico of Bel Temple

Capital of the corner column, portico of Bel Temple

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs

Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Corinthian capital

Monastery of St Simeon Stylites, Corinthian capital

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Capital with plant motifs

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Monastery of St Simeon, Corinthian capitals decorated with wavy acanthus leaves

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Roman capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Roman capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Damage pattern, corrosion of an iron connector led to cracks and outburst, Acropolis, Athens

Fig. 24, Catalogue of Damage

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Corinthian capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Corinthian capital in the great mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir), Maʿarrat an-Nuʿman

Capital and remains of the Byzantine cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush

Capital and remains of the Byzantine cathedral, Qalʿat Burqush

Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, capital

Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, capital

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital