Al-Bimaristan an-Nuri, Ornaments above the door lintel

Al-Bimaristan an-Nuri, Ornaments above the door lintel

A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri

A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, decorations with colorful marble

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, decorations with colorful marble

Temple of 'Ayn Dara, Giant footprints carved into the stone floor

Temple of ‘Ayn Dara, Giant footprints carved into the stone floor

Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara

Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

The remains of the temple of 'Ayn Dara-1

The remains of the temple of ‘Ayn Dara-1

Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara

Stone sarcophagi in the pyramidal mausoleum A, al-Bara

Sphinx in the Temple of 'Ayn Dara

Sphinx in the Temple of ‘Ayn Dara

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Archaeological objects, ar-Raqqa Museum

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche

A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building

A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building

Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace, stucco decorations

Raqqa – the excavations of the site “East of Raqqa” – Eastern Palace, stucco decorations

Relief showing an angel among fruits and pine cones, Temple of Baal

Relief showing an angel among fruits and pine cones, Temple of Baal

Damage pattern, gap and bursting in a terracotta relief, Admiralspalast, fassade Planckstraße, Berlin

Fig. 23, Catalogue of Damage

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC

The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus

The main facade of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri in Damascus

The eastern altar, al-Karasi

The eastern altar, al-Karasi

Tomb of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs, interior view

Tomb of Elahbel in the Valley of the Tombs, interior view

Khan Qurdbak, stone ornamentaion

Khan Qurdbak, stone ornamentaion

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa"- Eastern Palace, stucco

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa”- Eastern Palace, stucco

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3b_collapse mechanism in the plane of the facade

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3a_collapse mechanism, cracks in the plane of the facade

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Tall Aswad – finds

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-1b_collapse mechanism, overturning of the facade

Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration

Application of the relief paste of a ‘Ajami decoration

Aliya Alnuami is applying the relief paste on her ‘Ajami-work

Aliya Alnuami is applying the relief paste on her ‘Ajami-work

Application of the relief paste of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration

Application of the relief paste of a contemporary ‘Ajami decoration