Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard

Archaeological find in the Eastern Palace, ar-Raqqa

Archaeological find in the Eastern Palace, ar-Raqqa

Wakil House, decorated windows

Wakil House, decorated windows

Statue of a benefactor on a column along the Great Colonnade

Statue of a benefactor on a column along the Great Colonnade

Dayr Zakka (monastery), detail of a mosaic, showing the palm

Dayr Zakka (monastery), detail of a mosaic, showing the palm

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex

Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house

Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Columns discovered during excavation

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

Great Mosque, prayer hall, main entrance in 2006

Great Mosque, prayer hall, main entrance in 2006

Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya

Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya

Great Mosque, courtyard and prayer hall facade

Great Mosque, courtyard and prayer hall facade

Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)

Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Coffehouse Aslan Dada (vanished)

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs

Fresco from Dura Europos, 3rd c. National Museum, Damascus

Fresco from Dura Europos, 3rd c. National Museum, Damascus

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Northern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Northern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations

Aleppo Great Mosque, minaret, foundation inscriptions on the base

Aleppo Great Mosque, minaret, foundation inscriptions on the base

Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade - inscription band

Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade – inscription band

Bimaristan an-Nuri, frame of the entrance door

Bimaristan an-Nuri, frame of the entrance door

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, marble prayer niche

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Weather God, early 1st millennium BC

Citadel od Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall

Citadel od Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad – Detail on platform wall

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad – Detail on platform wall

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Throne Hall

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Throne Hall

Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway

Citadel of Aleppo, Entrance Gateway

Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome

Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome