View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets

View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance – Zengid inscription in Naskhi script

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge

Aleppo Citadel, entrance gateways and bridge

Aleppo Citadel, entrance gateways and bridge

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Aleppo: Citadel, Palace, 13 C.

Aleppo: Citadel, Palace, 13 C.

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view from the Citadel

Al-Madrasa as-Sultaniyya, general view from the Citadel

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

A distant view of Masyaf castle and town

A distant view of Masyaf castle and town

Weekly market in Maskana, at the end of a sales day

Weekly market in Maskana, at the end of a sales day

Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the east of prayer hall

Madrasat al-Firdaws, a grave on the east of prayer hall

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, courtyard

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, courtyard

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, entrance to the prayer hall

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, entrance to the prayer hall

Khan al-Jumruk, detail of exterior facade of the khan's entrance

Khan al-Jumruk, detail of exterior facade of the khan’s entrance

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, domes of the prayer niche from the outside

Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, domes of the prayer niche from the outside

Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, inscription and decoration above the entrance of the prayer hall

Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, inscription and decoration above the entrance of the prayer hall

A Waterspout of the ablution fountain in the courtyard of al-Adilliyya Mosque

A Waterspout of the ablution fountain in the courtyard of al-Adilliyya Mosque

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the prayer niche

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the prayer niche

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, corbel with muqarnas supporting an arch in the inner portico

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, corbel with muqarnas supporting an arch in the inner portico

Bimaristan an-Nuri, mill stones nade of basalt

Bimaristan an-Nuri, mill stones nade of basalt

Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard- entrances to single rooms

Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard- entrances to single rooms

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - Zengid inscription in Naskhi script

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance – Zengid inscription in Naskhi script

Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard

Bimaristan an-Nuri, courtyard

Bimaristan an-Nuri, small iwan

Bimaristan an-Nuri, small iwan

Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the small Iwan

Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the small Iwan

Bimaristan an-Nuri, water reservoir made of basalt

Bimaristan an-Nuri, water reservoir made of basalt

Bimaristan an-Nuri, the courtyards western facade

Bimaristan an-Nuri, the courtyards western facade

Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the western Iwan

Bimaristan an-Nuri, view of the western Iwan