Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex

Dayr Zakka (monastery), floor mosaic of the narthex

ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica

ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - finds

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace – finds

Sacrophagi decorated with sculptures of the dead

Sacrophagi decorated with sculptures of the dead

Afamiya, Architectural component with showing ionic elements

Afamiya, Architectural component with showing ionic elements

Closed arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi

Closed arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard

Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Columns with Corinthian capitals in one of Sirjilla's buildings

Columns with Corinthian capitals in one of Sirjilla’s buildings

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla

Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla

Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

Twisted column - The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Twisted column – The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard

Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard

Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, prayer niche

Jamiʿ as-Saffahiyya, prayer niche

Damascus, Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, 1st CE. AD

Damascus, Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, 1st CE. AD

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

Madrasat al-Firdaws, the main entrance

Madrasat al-Firdaws, the main entrance

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya