The Citadel of Damascus from the inside, 2003

The Citadel of Damascus from the inside, 2003

Plan of Krak des Chevaliers

Plan of Krak des Chevaliers

Safita, The Donjon of the Templars with a chapel in the ground floor

Safita, The Donjon of the Templars with a chapel in the ground floor

A general view of the Krak de Chevaliers at the sunset

A general view of the Krak de Chevaliers at the sunset

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat Shugr wa Bekas from the inside.

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat Shugr wa Bekas from the inside.

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

General view of Qalat Salah ad-Din

General view of Qalat Salah ad-Din

Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the connection bridge between the two castles

Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the connection bridge between the two castles

Raqqa, Tall Aswad, stucco

Raqqa, Tall Aswad, stucco

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, twin crusader castles, stone arch

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, twin crusader castles, stone arch

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the trail around the two castles

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, the trail around the two castles

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a general view of bridge between the two castles

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a general view of bridge between the two castles

Damage pattern, crust on sandstone, detachment due to tensions, Castle, Hannover, Germany

Fig. 52, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, single scaling in sandstone, Castle, Ludwigsburg, Germany

Fig. 35, Catalogue of Damage

Part of Qalʿat al-Qadmus

Part of Qalʿat al-Qadmus

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

View from the highest part of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs

View from the highest part of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs

View from Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs

View from Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn towards the Valley of the Tombs

View to northeast, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

View to northeast, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

View from south, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

View from south, Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

A side of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985

The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985

A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf

A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf

Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus

Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus

General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

General view of Qalʿat Ibn Maʿn

A view from Qalʿat Shumaymis towards the surrounding plains

A view from Qalʿat Shumaymis towards the surrounding plains

Qalʿat Jaʿbar, vaulted loophole

Qalʿat Jaʿbar, vaulted loophole

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel