Aleppo, Bab al-Maqam city gate, general view from south, ca. 1932 during French mandate

Aleppo, Bab al-Maqam city gate, general view from south, ca. 1932 during French mandate

Tomb of the three Brothers, 2nd c.

Tomb of the three Brothers, 2nd c.

Hammam an-Nahhasin, the cold section (barrani)

Hammam an-Nahhasin, the cold section (barrani)

Rubble from modern material, 3rd category remains, in Goldsmith bazaar lane, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.23_3rd category

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Detail: Corinthian capital of a column of the former conch (Aleppo, Madrasa al-Hallawiyya)

Detail of capital

Damage pattern, scaling in tufa / tuffstone column, Guadalajara, Mexico

Fig. 34, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, Partial collapse, of Barsin mosque, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 04, Catalogue of Damage

Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus

Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Bucket wheel (noria) and aqueduct in 1930

Bucket wheel (noria) and aqueduct in 1930

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, vaulted arcade

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, vaulted arcade

Krak des Chevaliers, courtyards

Krak des Chevaliers, courtyards

View from ad-Dalati Street to the south showing the damages and the minaret of Jamiʿ an-Nuri, Homs

View from ad-Dalati Street to the south showing the damages and the minaret of Jamiʿ an-Nuri, Homs

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center

View of a part of prayer hall, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

View of a part of prayer hall, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

The minaret of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

The minaret of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

North arcade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

North arcade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Destroyed shops on the north side of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

An arch in the north arcade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

An arch in the north arcade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Interior view of the minaret, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Interior view of the minaret, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Damage at the west facade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Damage at the west facade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

North facade of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

North facade of Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

North facade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

North facade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital

Byzantine decorated basalt stone reused in the construction of Qal‘at Shayzar

Byzantine decorated basalt stone reused in the construction of Qal‘at Shayzar

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Corinthian capital

Noria (waterwheel) in Hama

Noria (waterwheel) in Hama