A general scene showing some of the ruins of Palmyra and the Castle Ibn Maʿn

A general scene showing some of the ruins of Palmyra and the Castle Ibn Maʿn

Colossal basalt lion found in 1955 in ʿAyn Dara

Colossal basalt lion found in 1955 in ʿAyn Dara

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

Closed arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi

Closed arched entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

General view from outside, Jamiʿ Manjak

General view from outside, Jamiʿ Manjak

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Stucco decorations in situ, Kharab Sayyar

Stucco decorations in situ, Kharab Sayyar

An arch in Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi

An arch in Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

Damage pattern, corrosion of an iron connector led to cracks and outburst, Acropolis, Athens

Fig. 24, Catalogue of Damage

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla

Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla

Bimaristan Arghun, westward view of main doorway

Bimaristan Arghun, westward view of main doorway

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the main facade and the entrance

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the main facade and the entrance

The entrance into the castle of al-Marqab is framed by a stepped portal

The entrance into the castle of al-Marqab is framed by a stepped portal

Damage pattern, anthropogenic impact on sandstone, Karnak Temple, Luxor, Egypt

Fig. 62, Catalogue of Damage

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s tower from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s entrance from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's tower with its machicolations and parapets

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s tower with its machicolations and parapets

Busra, the Roman theater stage is surrounded by the Islamic citadel

Busra, the Roman theater stage is surrounded by the Islamic citadel

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, general view of the entrance

Palmyra / Tadmur, General view of Baalshamin Temple

Palmyra / Tadmur, General view of Baalshamin Temple

Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the North Gate

Husn Sulayman, Temple of Zeus Baetocaece, inner face of the North Gate

Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay

Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay

Part the western gate, Jupiter Temple

Part the western gate, Jupiter Temple