Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Throne Hall

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance of the Throne Hall

Khan al-Hibal, the northern facade, upper floor

Khan al-Hibal, the northern facade, upper floor

Habuba Kabira, back side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)

Habuba Kabira, back side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)

Habuba Kabira, Interior of the last existing deepened house (debabe), which was later used only as storage space

Habuba Kabira, Interior of the last existing deepened house (debabe), which was later used only as storage space

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Entrance corridor in front of the collapsed cupola house

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Entrance corridor in front of the collapsed cupola house

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, The domes of the houses built in the 1930s were often flattened later.

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, The domes of the houses built in the 1930s were often flattened later.

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Woman builds a silo for her supplies during the winter

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Woman builds a silo for her supplies during the winter

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Small fledgeling shelters in the form of domes, to be closed by night with stones

Nahiyat Tall Tamir, Small fledgeling shelters in the form of domes, to be closed by night with stones

Tall Bdiri, Abondened house with buttresses in the wall and at the door

Tall Bdiri, Abondened house with buttresses in the wall and at the door

Tall Bdiri, Farmsteads, that have no enclosure walls

Tall Bdiri, Farmsteads, that have no enclosure walls

Example: rectified photography, Berlin, Admiralspalast, façade Planckstrasse

Fig.16_Rectified photography

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Destructions in Raqqa city center, 2018

Yabrud: Streetlife with shops and residential houses, townspeople and peasants

Yabrud: Streetlife with shops and residential houses, townspeople and peasants

Yabrud: shops with residential houses on the first floor, houses probably from the beginning of the 20th century

Yabrud: shops with residential houses on the first floor, houses probably from the beginning of the 20th century

Arches in a house, the Ghouta of Damascus

Arches in a house, the Ghouta of Damascus

Tall Bdiri, A simple opening in a clay brick wall with clay plaster - probably in a stable

Tall Bdiri, A simple opening in a clay brick wall with clay plaster – probably in a stable

Habuba Kabira, entrance side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)

Habuba Kabira, entrance side of a room half deepened into the grown soil (in local dialect: debabe)

Jurn Kabir, whitewashing with chalk milk

Jurn Kabir, whitewashing with chalk milk

Jurn Kabir, children at the sabil of a private house, where people passing find potable water

Jurn Kabir, children at the sabil of a private house, where people passing find potable water

Habuba Kabira, inside the double-dome room with its relief arch

Habuba Kabira, inside the double-dome room with its relief arch

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, exterior facade

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, exterior facade

Damascus Gate, City Wall of Palmyra

Damascus Gate, City Wall of Palmyra

Habuba Kabira, construction of the corner of a mud brick house

Habuba Kabira, construction of the corner of a mud brick house

Habuba Kabira, mixture of sifted raw loam, chaff and water to produce clay bricks therefrom

Habuba Kabira, mixture of sifted raw loam, chaff and water to produce clay bricks therefrom

Tall Bdiri, House consisting of a large living room with a small attached kitchen

Tall Bdiri, House consisting of a large living room with a small attached kitchen

ʿAyn al-Khadra, residential house with a central hall plan of a Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region

ʿAyn al-Khadra, residential house with a central hall plan of a Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region

ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the farm yard behind the house with stables made of basalt stones

ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the farm yard behind the house with stables made of basalt stones

Village of ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the living room of the central hall house of a Kurdish family

Village of ʿAyn al-Khadra, in the living room of the central hall house of a Kurdish family

ʿAyn al-Khadra, Village school from mud bricks, not used any more

ʿAyn al-Khadra, Village school from mud bricks, not used any more

Street side of the homestead: a terrace in front of a house of Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region

Street side of the homestead: a terrace in front of a house of Kurdish family in the Malkiyya-Region