Al-Marja Square with the Column of Telegraph, Damascus

Al-Marja Square with the Column of Telegraph, Damascus

Telegraph column, Sahat (square) al-Marja

Telegraph column, Sahat (square) al-Marja

Statue of a benefactor on a column along the Great Colonnade

Statue of a benefactor on a column along the Great Colonnade

The bronze Telegraph Column at al-Marja Square

The bronze Telegraph Column at al-Marja Square

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, capital of a column of a portico

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, capital of a column of a portico

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, a marble column with a Corinthian capital decorating the prayer niche

Telegraph column, topped with a miniature of a mosque, Sahat (square) al-Marja

Telegraph column, topped with a miniature of a mosque, Sahat (square) al-Marja

Capital of the corner column, portico of Bel Temple

Capital of the corner column, portico of Bel Temple

A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, an original Mamluk column with its capital

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, an original Mamluk column with its capital

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Jamiʿ al-ʿAdiliyya, capital with muqarnas of a column in the double arcade

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs

Capital of column, portico of Bel Temple

Capital of column, portico of Bel Temple

Bel Temple, column with Ionic captial on the south facade of the cella

Bel Temple, column with Ionic captial on the south facade of the cella

Capital of a column- Temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid

Capital of a column- Temple, Harran al-ʿAwamid

Capital of column, courtyard of Bel Temple

Capital of column, courtyard of Bel Temple

A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra

A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra

Damage pattern, missing column in al-ʿAdiliyya mosque, Aleppo

Fig. 18, Catalogue of Damage

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, cathedral apse - columns with Corinthian capitals

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, cathedral apse – columns with Corinthian capitals

Afamiya, columns in the ruins

Afamiya, columns in the ruins

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Columns discovered during excavation

Detail: Corinthian capital of a column of the former conch (Aleppo, Madrasa al-Hallawiyya)

Detail of capital

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Afamiya, a side of ruins

Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - courtyard surrounded by arcades

Busra – al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari – courtyard surrounded by arcades

Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)

Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)

Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus

Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, detail of Corinthian capital

Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer hall

Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari – the prayer hall

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south – courtyard and arcades