Citadel of Aleppo, a view from the main entrance showing the Gate Tower

Citadel of Aleppo, a view from the main entrance showing the Gate Tower

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance

Entrance and minaret of ad-Darwishiyya Mosque

Entrance and minaret of ad-Darwishiyya Mosque

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge

Citadel of Aleppo, entrance gateways and bridge

Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance

Burj as-Saʿa, the entrance

Maronite Cathedral, main entrance

Maronite Cathedral, main entrance

Maronite Cathedral, general view of the main entrance

Maronite Cathedral, general view of the main entrance

Entrance of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, as-Salamiyya

Entrance of al-Imam Ismaʿil Mosque, as-Salamiyya

View from the monastery entrance, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil

View from the monastery entrance, northwest of Palmyra, Jazil

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, entrance of prayer hall - arch support

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, entrance of prayer hall – arch support

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance details from the inside

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, main entrance details from the inside

Exterior view of al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus

Exterior view of al-Bab ash-Sharqi (Eastern citygate), the eastern entrance to Old City of Damascus

Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, upper part of the entrance - a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur'anic text in Kufic script

Jamiʿ ash-Shuʿaybiyya, upper part of the entrance – a cornice with floral motifs and a Qur’anic text in Kufic script

Entrance gate to the city of Ugarit

Entrance gate to the city of Ugarit

Ugarit, Entrance gate to the city

Ugarit, Entrance gate to the city

Digital documentation, orthophoto of façade section, minaret, Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Fig.15-b_Minarett-Umayyad-Aleppo_fig_10

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3a_collapse mechanism, cracks in the plane of the facade

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-1a_collapse mechanism, overturning of the facade

Traditional house in neighborhood "al-Almaji"

Traditional house in neighborhood “al-Almaji”

The prayer niche and the pulpit in the middle of the south wall in the prayer hall of the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

The prayer niche and the pulpit in the middle of the south wall in the prayer hall of the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building

A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Izraʿ - Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis, exterior view

Izraʿ – Kanisat (church) Mar Jirjis, exterior view

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya

Great Mosque, prayer hall, Shrine of the Prophet Zakariya

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, damage mapping

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Great Mosque, Plan of the building parts

Damage pattern, superficial fire traces on facade of limestone, Khan as-Sabun, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 30, Catalogue of Damage

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b_Simulation of collapse mechanisms

Ablaq (bicolor) masonry, 2nd category remains, in portal of ʿUlabiyya Khan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.19_Ablaq masonry, 2nd category