Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)

Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla

Side of the Ruins, Sirjilla

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

View from the west, courtyard of Umayyad Mosque

Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard

Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard

Damage pattern, corrosion of an iron connector led to cracks and outburst, Acropolis, Athens

Fig. 24, Catalogue of Damage

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

Aleppo, Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (English)

Aleppo, Khusrawiyya Complex, siteplan of the building parts (English)

Rubble management by volunteers, cleaning and securing of remains in al-ʿAdiliyya mosque, Aleppo

Fig.38_Volunteers during cleaning and securing of remains

Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (English)

Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (English)

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra

The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra

Columns with Corinthian capitals, remnants of the Jupiter Temple

Columns with Corinthian capitals, remnants of the Jupiter Temple

One of the Basilica aisles, is separated from the central courtyard by a row of arches based on columns, Basilica A, ar-Rusafa

One of the Basilica aisles, is separated from the central courtyard by a row of arches based on columns, Basilica A, ar-Rusafa

Spolia of crowns of columns for decorating a courtyard, ʿAyn al-ʿArus

Spolia of crowns of columns for decorating a courtyard, ʿAyn al-ʿArus

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, cathedral apse - columns with Corinthian capitals

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, cathedral apse – columns with Corinthian capitals

Afamiya, remains of colossal columns

Afamiya, remains of colossal columns

Afamiya, columns in the ruins

Afamiya, columns in the ruins

The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals

The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals

Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ - prayer hall

Busra – Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ – prayer hall

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade – one of the two columns which frame a window

Columns with Corinthian capitals- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Columns with Corinthian capitals- The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade – one of the two columns which frame a window

A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

A row of Byzantine columns, Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi

Palmyra, Tetrapylon, rose granite columns from Aswan, 3rd century

Palmyra, Tetrapylon, rose granite columns from Aswan, 3rd century

Afamiya, columns of colonnaded axis (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, columns of colonnaded axis (Cardo Maximus)

Columns belong to the Great Colonnade

Columns belong to the Great Colonnade