Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, column with its capital

Al-Madrasa al-Ahmadiyya, column with its capital

Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard

Umayyad Mosque, the famous golden mosaic of the facade of the prayer hall overlooking the courtyard

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Columns discovered during excavation

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Afamiya, remains of the Great Colonnade (Cardo Maximus)

Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

Remains of two-storey building, Sirjilla

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade - one of the two columns which frame a window

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, east facade – one of the two columns which frame a window

Raqqa, "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa, “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace, vegetable stucco ornaments

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

ar-Rusafa, North Gate of the city wall, interior

Damascus, Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, 1st CE. AD

Damascus, Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, 1st CE. AD

View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama

View into the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Hama

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Colorful ornamental motifs on ablaq wall, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

Remains of the facade of an building, Sirjilla

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD

Tetrapylon and Colonnaded Street, 3rd century AD

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica

ar-Rusafa -interior view- North Gate of the basilica

Damage pattern, corrosion of an iron connector led to cracks and outburst, Acropolis, Athens

Fig. 24, Catalogue of Damage

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, twisted and fluted columns of the central section of the Great Colonnade

Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)

Monastery of St. Simeon Stylites, late 5th-early 6th c., Exterior of sanctuary of east basilica (apse from exterior)

Damage pattern, total loss, explosion crater of al-Madrasa (and mosque) al-Khusrawiyya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 02, Catalogue of Damage

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - vegetable stucco ornaments

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace – vegetable stucco ornaments

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade

Afamiya, Remains of the Great Colonnade