Afamiya, columns in the ruins

Afamiya, columns in the ruins

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a circular aperture in the roof of courtyard

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a circular aperture in the roof of courtyard

A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm

A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm

Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - the prayer hall

Busra, al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari – the prayer hall

Busra - al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari - courtyard surrounded by arcades

Busra – al-Jami‘ (mosque) al-ʿUmari – courtyard surrounded by arcades

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

Remains of some columns, the Great Colonnade

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, collapsed roof of prayer hall, eastern part

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, collapsed roof of prayer hall, eastern part

Damage pattern, scaling in tufa / tuffstone column, Guadalajara, Mexico

Fig. 34, Catalogue of Damage

Kharab Shams, view from south at church ruin, 4th/6th century CE

Kharab Shams, view from south at church ruin, 4th/6th century CE

Umayyad Mosque, the Mamluk Minaret of Qaytbay on the northwestern corner

Umayyad Mosque, the Mamluk Minaret of Qaytbay on the northwestern corner

General view of the Tetrapylon

General view of the Tetrapylon

Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus

Propylaea of Jupiter Temple, Damascus

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south - courtyard and arcades

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view to south – courtyard and arcades

The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

The Great Colonnade at Afamiya

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, interior

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan

The Throne Hall in Damascus Citadel

The Throne Hall in Damascus Citadel

Khusrawiyya-complex, view of the Mosque in 2010

Khusrawiyya-complex, view of the Mosque in 2010

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with southern Iwan

Yabrud, Residential house with covered terrace (riwaq)

Yabrud, Residential house with covered terrace (riwaq)

Palmyra, Hadrian’s Arch, , 3rd century A.D., view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street

Palmyra, Hadrian’s Arch, , 3rd century A.D., view from south at the entrance to colonnaded street

A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra

A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra

Khan Qurdbak, stone ornamentaion

Khan Qurdbak, stone ornamentaion

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, the hall

[temporary title for #44091]

[temporary title for #44091]

A shepherd with his herd and tourists

A shepherd with his herd and tourists

Busra Theater, one of the main destinations for tourists

Busra Theater, one of the main destinations for tourists

Temporary title for Image 68390

Temporary title for Image 68390