at-Takiyya ar-Rifaʿiyya (az-Zawiyaal-Ikhlasiyya ), inscription above the main entrance

at-Takiyya ar-Rifaʿiyya (az-Zawiyaal-Ikhlasiyya ), inscription above the main entrance

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

Machicolations on the wall of Damascus Citadel

Machicolations on the wall of Damascus Citadel

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance

The eastern altar, al-Karasi

The eastern altar, al-Karasi

Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - the exterior facade and the entrance

Busra – Masjid Yaqut (mosque) – the exterior facade and the entrance

Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus

Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus

Inner courtyard, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Inner courtyard, Jamiʿ as-Sinaniyya

Busra - Masjid Yaqut (mosque) - the exterior facade and the entrance

Busra – Masjid Yaqut (mosque) – the exterior facade and the entrance

Lintel of the main entrance of the Church, Ibn Wardan Palace

Lintel of the main entrance of the Church, Ibn Wardan Palace

Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Quranic calligraphy

Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Quranic calligraphy

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance

Jamiʿ al-Khayr, details from the main entrance

The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985

The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985

Rubble stone with inscription

Fig.42_ٍStone with inscription

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, stone engraving – hieroglyphic pictorial writing

Bab al-Maqam, part of the old city's wall

Bab al-Maqam, part of the old city’s wall

Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome

Turbat Khaʾirbak (mausoleum), western facade and dome

Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)

Great Mosque, prayer hall, wooden pulpit (minbar)

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance

The prayer niche and the pulpit in the middle of the south wall in the prayer hall of the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

The prayer niche and the pulpit in the middle of the south wall in the prayer hall of the Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, main entrance

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance

Madrasat al-Firdaws, view of the southern arcade and the prayer hall entrance

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance

Al-Madrasa al-Muqaddamiyya, the entrance

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)

Jamiʿ Aslan Dada, entrance of the additional prayer hall (al-Hijaziyya)

The southern-western tower of Damascus Citadel

The southern-western tower of Damascus Citadel

Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy,

Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy,

Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy

Jabla, Mosque of Sultan Ibrahim, Arabic calligraphy

Qalʿat (castle) al-Qadmus, Insciption

Qalʿat (castle) al-Qadmus, Insciption

Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Entrance gate to al-Kahf castle

Tartus, ash-Shaykh Badr, Entrance gate to al-Kahf castle