Citadel of Aleppo, plant ornament

Citadel of Aleppo, plant ornament

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations

Raqqa, Palace D, stucco decorations

Stucco decorations in situ, Kharab Sayyar

Stucco decorations in situ, Kharab Sayyar

Hiraqla victory monument - Decorative stone panel

Hiraqla victory monument – Decorative stone panel

The entrance of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya is richly decorated with ablaq masonry, a muqarnas vault and inscriptions

The entrance of al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya is richly decorated with ablaq masonry, a muqarnas vault and inscriptions

Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan's entrance

Khan al-Wazir, interior facade of the khan’s entrance

A capital decorated with wavy acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites

A capital decorated with wavy acanthus leaves, Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the Great Iwan)

Bayt Junblat, southern iwan (the Great Iwan)

Bimaristan Arghun, entry portal detail

Bimaristan Arghun, entry portal detail

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Western Palace - painted glass

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Western Palace – painted glass

Bimaristan an-Nuri, The main entrance decorated with muqarnas

Bimaristan an-Nuri, The main entrance decorated with muqarnas

Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad - finds

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Tall Aswad – finds

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Stonework in the Citadel of Damascus

Stonework in the Citadel of Damascus

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, colorful marble niche

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Bab Qinnasrin (city gate), exterior view of the gate from south-west

Raqqa - Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall - Columns discovered during excavation

Raqqa – Madinat ar-Rafiqa wall – Columns discovered during excavation

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, decorations with colorful marble

Mausoleum of az-Zahir Baybars, decorations with colorful marble

A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building

A general view of Zawiyat Saʿd ad-Din al-Jibawi showing the two domes of the building

A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri

A niche with muqarnas on the main entrance of al-Bimaristan an-Nuri

Ornament over a window, Khan Sulayman Basha al-ʿAzm

Ornament over a window, Khan Sulayman Basha al-ʿAzm