Raqqa - "East of Raqqa" site - Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985

Raqqa – “East of Raqqa” site – Tall Aswad, excavation in 1985

A little boy from a resettlement village is drawing water from a tap embedded in the ground

A little boy from a resettlement village is drawing water from a tap embedded in the ground

Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater

Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Damage pattern, loose construction elements, remaining after a hole caused by shelling, Madrasat al-Firdaws, Aleppo

Fig. 19, Catalogue of Damage

Rubble from modern material, 3rd category remains, in Goldsmith bazaar lane, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.22_3rd category

A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm

A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm

Remains of the Ummayad Palace in Jabal Says

Remains of the Ummayad Palace in Jabal Says

Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

Lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, streetview of a late ottoman residential house and a warehouse beside, situated on a slope

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, streetview of a late ottoman residential house and a warehouse beside, situated on a slope

Dome under maintenance in the village of Shaykh Hilal

Dome under maintenance in the village of Shaykh Hilal

Bayt Junblat, the large courtyard and iwan

Bayt Junblat, the large courtyard and iwan

Hammam an-Nahhasin, the warm section (wastani)

Hammam an-Nahhasin, the warm section (wastani)

Entrance of Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit

Entrance of Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, eastern Qaʿa, section north-south, view to east

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, eastern Qaʿa, section north-south, view to east

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa (mamluke), section north-south, view to west

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa (mamluke), section north-south, view to west

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa, section east-west, view to south

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami: eastern Qaʿa, section east-west, view to south

Roman bridge in at-Tayyiba over the course of the Wadi az-Zaydi

Roman bridge in at-Tayyiba over the course of the Wadi az-Zaydi

Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says

Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says

Bayt Wakil, floor tiles

Bayt Wakil, floor tiles

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, courtyard - lobed angle fountain

Al-Madrasa az-Zahiriyya, courtyard – lobed angle fountain

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad - Detail on platform wall

Citadel of Aleppo, Temple of the Storm God Hadad – Detail on platform wall

Al-Khubra lake in Jabal Says

Al-Khubra lake in Jabal Says

Roman sarcophagus with decorations, Qanawat

Roman sarcophagus with decorations, Qanawat

The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

The lower part of the lion of goddess Al-Lat, 1st c. AD

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Damage pattern, disintegration in sandstone, Wittenberg, Germany

Fig. 39-b, Catalogue of Damage

An abandoned rural noria on the Orontes river

An abandoned rural noria on the Orontes river

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)